My mistake for speaking so soon. I tried deleting /usr/lib/libgroove.a and tried to link again, and I get:
andy@andy-bx:~/tmp$ c99 -o test test.c -lgroove /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgroove collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status This surprised me, because I have the .so in my system: andy@andy-bx:~$ ls -alh /usr/lib | grep groove lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Nov 19 10:18 libgroove.so.2 -> libgroove.so.2.0.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8.7M Nov 19 10:18 libgroove.so.2.0.2 andy@andy-bx:~$ objdump -p /usr/lib/libgroove.so.2.0.2 | grep SONAME SONAME libgroove.so.2 I'm at a loss as to how ld is unable to find that file. On Tue, Nov 19, 2013 at 9:04 PM, Andrew Kelley <superjo...@gmail.com> wrote: > > > > On Tue, Nov 19, 2013 at 8:57 PM, Frank Trampe <frank.tra...@gmail.com>wrote: > >> >> >> >> On Tue, Nov 19, 2013 at 7:31 PM, Andrew Kelley <superjo...@gmail.com>wrote: >> >>> >>> On Tue, Nov 19, 2013 at 7:34 PM, Frank Trampe <frank.tra...@gmail.com>wrote: >>> >>>> As you're running it, gcc is trying to link statically (against >>>> libgroove.a), so the contents of libgroove.so don't mean much. Are you >>>> trying to link dynamically? >>>> >>> >>> Yes I am trying to link dynamically. I'm confused - I thought using -l >>> was dynamic linking and specifying -static and supplying .a files does >>> static linking. >>> >> >> Most gcc installations on Linux try to link dynamically first if the >> shared libraries are available and in the search path (I think) but will >> fall back to static otherwise. Are you sure that the relevant so files are >> in the search paths? Perhaps you could add the path manually via -L or >> LIBRARY_PATH and see if that bypasses the problem. >> > > Yes I am sure that the relevant .so files are in the search paths. > libgroove.so should be the only necessary file. Observe: > > $ c99 -o test test.c > /tmp/ccdS8adV.o: In function `main': > test.c:(.text+0x41): undefined reference to `groove_init' > test.c:(.text+0x46): undefined reference to `groove_finish' > test.c:(.text+0x55): undefined reference to `groove_set_logging' > test.c:(.text+0x5a): undefined reference to `groove_playlist_create' > test.c:(.text+0x92): undefined reference to `groove_player_create' > test.c:(.text+0xa9): undefined reference to `groove_player_attach' > test.c:(.text+0xd9): undefined reference to `groove_file_open' > (snip) > > > $ c99 -o test test.c -lgroove > /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): > In function `cleanup_save': > (.text+0x29): undefined reference to `av_free_packet' > /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): > In function `cleanup_save': > (.text+0x39): undefined reference to `avio_closep' > /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): > In function `cleanup_save': > (.text+0x54): undefined reference to `avformat_free_context' > /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): > In function `cleanup_save': > (.text+0xa1): undefined reference to `av_log' > /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): > In function `groove_file_close': > (.text+0xe6): undefined reference to `av_free_packet' > (snip) > > The libav and SDL2 dependencies are internal to libgroove and should be > completely hidden from the end-user of libgroove. > > >> Either way, you will probably want to adjust the dependencies for the >> package with the static library such that it pulls in the static libraries >> for libsdl and libav at installation. >> > > I agree that this is desirable. I searched for how to do this and the > advice that I got was to not do it. Would you be willing to go more into > detail about how to pull in static dependencies so that users who want to > link statically against my library will not have to also link statically > against my dependencies? > > >> >> >>> Furthermore, when I link the exact same test.c file with the same gcc >>> args against a libgroove installation that was built from source rather >>> than from the PPA, it successfully links and runs. What could explain this >>> behavior? >>> >>> >> Is this on the same machine? >> > > Yes. You can try it for yourself if you want: > https://github.com/superjoe30/libgroove/archive/2.0.2.tar.gz > > >> >> >>> >>>> Running nm -g on your static library shows that it includes undefined >>>> static symbols for the functions that you list. If you link against those >>>> libraries (libav and libsdl) when building test.c, this ought to work. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> On Tue, Nov 19, 2013 at 11:21 AM, Andrew Kelley >>>> <superjo...@gmail.com>wrote: >>>> >>>>> Hello - >>>>> >>>>> I just added a library to my ppa: >>>>> https://launchpad.net/~andrewrk/+archive/libgroove >>>>> so far so good, it installs on my system. But when I compile a program >>>>> against it, I get linker errors - undefined symbols from libraries that my >>>>> library depends on. This does not happen when I manually build from >>>>> source. >>>>> >>>>> Any suggestions? >>>>> >>>>> Here are some more details. >>>>> >>>>> The problem: >>>>> >>>>> andy@andy-bx:~/tmp$ c99 -o test test.c -lgroove >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `cleanup_save': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x29): undefined reference to `av_free_packet' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `cleanup_save': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x39): undefined reference to `avio_closep' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `cleanup_save': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x54): undefined reference to `avformat_free_context' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `cleanup_save': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0xa1): undefined reference to `av_log' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `groove_file_close': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0xe6): undefined reference to `av_free_packet' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `groove_file_close': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x105): undefined reference to `avcodec_close' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `groove_file_close': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x12b): undefined reference to `avformat_close_input' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `groove_file_close': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x139): undefined reference to `SDL_DestroyMutex' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `groove_file_open': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x16f): undefined reference to `av_mallocz' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `groove_file_open': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x18f): undefined reference to `SDL_CreateMutex' >>>>> /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/libgroove.a(file.c.o): >>>>> In function `groove_file_open': >>>>> >>>>> (.text+0x1a1): undefined reference to `avformat_alloc_context' >>>>> ...(snip)... >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> libav is a static dependency of libgroove, and SDL2 is a dynamic >>>>> dependency. >>>>> test.c uses only libgroove, it does not depend on libav or SDL2. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> andy@andy-bx:~$ ldd /usr/lib/libgroove.so.2.0.2 >>>>> linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff499c9000) >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> libbz2.so.1.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc04ecde000) >>>>> >>>>> libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fc04eac5000) >>>>> libmp3lame.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmp3lame.so.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc04e837000) >>>>> >>>>> libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc04e61a000) >>>>> libSDL2-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSDL2-2.0.so.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc04e346000) >>>>> >>>>> libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fc04df7d000) >>>>> libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fc04dc79000) >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fc04ff2a000) >>>>> libasound.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasound.so.2 >>>>> (0x00007fc04d989000) >>>>> libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fc04d784000) >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> libpulse-simple.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpulse-simple.so.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc04d580000) >>>>> libpulse.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpulse.so.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc04d337000) >>>>> >>>>> libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 >>>>> (0x00007fc04d001000) >>>>> libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6 >>>>> (0x00007fc04cdef000) >>>>> >>>>> libXcursor.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXcursor.so.1 >>>>> (0x00007fc04cbe5000) >>>>> libXinerama.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXinerama.so.1 >>>>> (0x00007fc04c9e1000) >>>>> >>>>> libXi.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXi.so.6 (0x00007fc04c7d1000) >>>>> libXrandr.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXrandr.so.2 >>>>> (0x00007fc04c5c7000) >>>>> >>>>> libXss.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXss.so.1 >>>>> (0x00007fc04c3c2000) >>>>> libXxf86vm.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXxf86vm.so.1 >>>>> (0x00007fc04c1bc000) >>>>> >>>>> librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007fc04bfb4000) >>>>> libpulsecommon-4.0.so => >>>>> /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pulseaudio/libpulsecommon-4.0.so >>>>> (0x00007fc04bd4c000) >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> libjson-c.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjson-c.so.2 >>>>> (0x00007fc04bb42000) >>>>> libdbus-1.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdbus-1.so.3 >>>>> (0x00007fc04b8fc000) >>>>> >>>>> libxcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 >>>>> (0x00007fc04b6de000) >>>>> libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXrender.so.1 >>>>> (0x00007fc04b4d4000) >>>>> >>>>> libXfixes.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfixes.so.3 >>>>> (0x00007fc04b2cd000) >>>>> libwrap.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwrap.so.0 (0x00007fc04b0c3000) >>>>> >>>>> libsndfile.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsndfile.so.1 >>>>> (0x00007fc04ae5a000) >>>>> libasyncns.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasyncns.so.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc04ac54000) >>>>> >>>>> libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 >>>>> (0x00007fc04aa50000) >>>>> libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 >>>>> (0x00007fc04a849000) >>>>> >>>>> libnsl.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007fc04a62f000) >>>>> libFLAC.so.8 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libFLAC.so.8 >>>>> (0x00007fc04a3fe000) >>>>> >>>>> libvorbisenc.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvorbisenc.so.2 >>>>> (0x00007fc049f2e000) >>>>> libvorbis.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvorbis.so.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc049d01000) >>>>> >>>>> libogg.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libogg.so.0 >>>>> (0x00007fc049af8000) >>>>> libresolv.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 >>>>> (0x00007fc0498dd000) >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> # libav is not on this list because libgroove depends statically upon it >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> here's the difference in linker steps for libgroove.so between the >>>>> working manual build and the not-working PPA build: >>>>> >>>>> # ppa link step (broken): >>>>> >>>>> /usr/bin/cc -fPIC -g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 >>>>> -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -O2 -g -DNDEBUG >>>>> -Wl,-Bsymbolic -Wl,-z,relro -shared -Wl,-soname,libgroove.so.2 -o >>>>> libgroove.so.2.0.2 CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/queue.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/loudness_detector.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/buffer.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/encoder.c.o CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/file.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/playlist.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/global.c.o CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/player.c.o >>>>> deps/libav/install/lib/libavfilter.a deps/libav/install/lib/libavformat.a >>>>> deps/libav/install/lib/libavcodec.a >>>>> deps/libav/install/lib/libavresample.a >>>>> deps/libav/install/lib/libswscale.a deps/libav/install/lib/libavutil.a >>>>> -lbz2 -lz -lmp3lame -lpthread -Wl,-Bstatic -lSDL2main -Wl,-Bdynamic >>>>> -lSDL2 -lpthread -Wl,-Bstatic -lebur128 -lSDL2main -Wl,-Bdynamic -lSDL2 >>>>> -Wl,-Bstatic -lebur128 -Wl,-Bdynamic >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> # see full build log: >>>>> https://launchpadlibrarian.net/156927161/buildlog_ubuntu-saucy-amd64.libgroove_2.0.2-2_UPLOADING.txt.gz >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> # build manually from source link step (works): >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> /usr/bin/cc -fPIC -Wl,-Bsymbolic -shared -Wl,-soname,libgroove.so.2 >>>>> -o libgroove.so.2.0.0 CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/global.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/loudness_detector.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/playlist.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/buffer.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/encoder.c.o CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/queue.c.o >>>>> CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/file.c.o CMakeFiles/groove.dir/src/player.c.o >>>>> deps/libav/install/lib/libavfilter.a deps/libav/install/lib/libavformat.a >>>>> deps/libav/install/lib/libavcodec.a >>>>> deps/libav/install/lib/libavresample.a >>>>> deps/libav/install/lib/libswscale.a deps/libav/install/lib/libavutil.a >>>>> -lbz2 -lz -lmp3lame -lpthread -Wl,-Bstatic -lSDL2main -Wl,-Bdynamic >>>>> -lSDL2 -lpthread deps/ebur128/libebur128.a -Wl,-Bstatic -lSDL2main >>>>> -Wl,-Bdynamic -lSDL2 >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> _______________________________________________ >>>>> Mailing list: https://launchpad.net/~launchpad-users >>>>> Post to : launchpad-users@lists.launchpad.net >>>>> Unsubscribe : https://launchpad.net/~launchpad-users >>>>> More help : https://help.launchpad.net/ListHelp >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>> >> >
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