I believe this bug is due to a change that causes files on a dax volume
to be allocated as sparse files, so that every write to a new allocation
unit causes another physical allocation. The previous behavior was to
allocate the whole file up to the allocated size as one operation.

This is just by observing the behavior and running experiments to try to
figure it out. I haven't looked at the code.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1848212

Title:
  Optane PM access times are much longer than they should be

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  I have 4 128GB Optane DC Persistent Memory devices in my server,
  assigned to AppDirect access (i.e., accessed via memory-mapping at the
  cache line level), and have run into a severe performance issue with
  the latest kernel 5.0.0-31.

  I realize that not many people have this storage type as yet, but it
  is becoming increasingly important in the server world, so I think
  this bug is pretty important.

  Bug details:

  When running with kernel 5.0.0-29, write access times to the Optane PM
  devices are in the sub-microsecond range, as they should be.

  When running with kernel 5.0.0-31, write access times are much slower,
  averaging in the 30 microsecond range, until a large number of writes
  (see below) have been executed. Then they return to normal speed.

  My application is a hash table implementation optimized for the Optane
  PM devices (see webpage at www.threemisses.com). Since it is a hash
  table, it has very poor locality of reference, and is filled
  "randomly", so I don't know exactly what the sequence of writes is.

  However, I can say that the speed is very slow until the fill ratio of
  the hash table is about 50%, then it returns to the normal sub-
  microsecond range.

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 19.04
  Package: linux-image-5.0.0-31-generic 5.0.0-31.33
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 5.0.0-31.33-generic 5.0.21
  Uname: Linux 5.0.0-31-generic x86_64
  NonfreeKernelModules: nvidia_modeset nvidia
  ApportVersion: 2.20.10-0ubuntu27.1
  Architecture: amd64
  Date: Tue Oct 15 09:01:06 2019
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2019-09-02 (42 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 19.04 "Disco Dingo" - Release amd64 (20190416)
  IwConfig:
   lo        no wireless extensions.

   eno0      no wireless extensions.

   enp181s0f1  no wireless extensions.
  MachineType: Supermicro SYS-7039A-I
  ProcEnviron:
   LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<set>
   TERM=xterm-256color
   PATH=(custom, no user)
   LANG=en_US.UTF-8
   SHELL=/bin/bash
  ProcFB: 0 EFI VGA
  ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-31-generic 
root=UUID=3239f211-86a3-44bb-8251-62037ebea848 ro transparent_hugepage=always 
quiet splash nomodeset vt.handoff=1
  PulseList: Error: command ['pacmd', 'list'] failed with exit code 1: No 
PulseAudio daemon running, or not running as session daemon.
  RelatedPackageVersions:
   linux-restricted-modules-5.0.0-31-generic N/A
   linux-backports-modules-5.0.0-31-generic  N/A
   linux-firmware                            1.178.3
  RfKill:

  SourcePackage: linux
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
  dmi.bios.date: 03/06/2019
  dmi.bios.vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
  dmi.bios.version: 3.0a
  dmi.board.asset.tag: ZM193S000653
  dmi.board.name: X11DAi-N
  dmi.board.vendor: Supermicro
  dmi.board.version: 1.02
  dmi.chassis.asset.tag: Default string
  dmi.chassis.type: 1
  dmi.chassis.vendor: Supermicro
  dmi.chassis.version: 123456789
  dmi.modalias: 
dmi:bvnAmericanMegatrendsInc.:bvr3.0a:bd03/06/2019:svnSupermicro:pnSYS-7039A-I:pvr123456789:rvnSupermicro:rnX11DAi-N:rvr1.02:cvnSupermicro:ct1:cvr123456789:
  dmi.product.family: SMC X11
  dmi.product.name: SYS-7039A-I
  dmi.product.sku: 097A15D9
  dmi.product.version: 123456789
  dmi.sys.vendor: Supermicro

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