Git commit cef6be11c26d4e1fdd5f019fa57b9f656f43d419 by Antoni Bella Pérez. Committed on 13/10/2021 at 10:57. Pushed by bellaperez into branch 'master'.
GIT_SILENT Documentation more readable * Re-indent * Split blocks to improve translation M +642 -679 doc/index.docbook https://invent.kde.org/games/knights/commit/cef6be11c26d4e1fdd5f019fa57b9f656f43d419 diff --git a/doc/index.docbook b/doc/index.docbook index d53e61a..e0fe916 100644 --- a/doc/index.docbook +++ b/doc/index.docbook @@ -6,708 +6,671 @@ <!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE"> ]> <book id="knights" lang="&language;"> - <bookinfo> - <title>The &knights; Handbook</title> + <bookinfo> + <title>The &knights; Handbook</title> - <authorgroup> - <author> - <firstname>Miha</firstname> - <surname>Čančula</surname> - <affiliation> - <address> - <email>[email protected]</email> - </address> - </affiliation> - </author> - <!-- TRANS:ROLES_OF_TRANSLATORS --> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>Miha</firstname> + <surname>Čančula</surname> + <affiliation> + <address> + <email>[email protected]</email> + </address> + </affiliation> + </author> + <!-- TRANS:ROLES_OF_TRANSLATORS --> - </authorgroup> - <copyright> - <year>2011</year> - <holder>Miha Čančula</holder> - </copyright> + </authorgroup> + <copyright> + <year>2011</year> + <holder>Miha Čančula</holder> + </copyright> - <legalnotice>&FDLNotice; - </legalnotice> + <legalnotice>&FDLNotice; + </legalnotice> - <date>2015-01-07</date><!-- Date of (re)writing, or update.--> - <releaseinfo>&kappversion; (KDE Gear 21.08)</releaseinfo><!-- Application version number. Use the variable definitions within header to change this value.--> + <date>2015-01-07</date><!-- Date of (re)writing, or update.--> + <releaseinfo>&kappversion; (KDE Gear 21.08)</releaseinfo><!-- Application version number. Use the variable definitions within header to change this value.--> - <abstract> - <para> - This documentation describes the game of &i18n-knights; version &kappversion; - </para> - </abstract> + <abstract> + <para>This documentation describes the game of &i18n-knights; version &kappversion;</para> + </abstract> - <keywordset> - <keyword>KDE</keyword><!-- do not change this! --> - <keyword>game</keyword><!-- do not change this! --> - <keyword>board</keyword> - <keyword>chess</keyword> - <keyword>Knights</keyword> - </keywordset> + <keywordset> + <keyword>KDE</keyword><!-- do not change this! --> + <keyword>game</keyword><!-- do not change this! --> + <keyword>board</keyword> + <keyword>chess</keyword> + <keyword>Knights</keyword> + </keywordset> - </bookinfo> + </bookinfo> - <chapter id="introduction"> - <title>Introduction</title> - <note> - <title>Gametype:</title> - <para>Board</para> - </note> - <note> - <title>Number of possible players:</title> - <para>One or two</para> - </note> + <chapter id="introduction"> + <title>Introduction</title> + <note> + <title>Gametype:</title> + <para>Board</para> + </note> + <note> + <title>Number of possible players:</title> + <para>One or two</para> + </note> - <para> - &i18n-knights; is a chess game. As a player, your goal is to - defeat your opponent by checkmating their king. - </para> - </chapter> + <para> + &i18n-knights; is a chess game. As a player, your goal is to + defeat your opponent by checkmating their king. + </para> + </chapter> - <chapter id="how-to-play"><title>How to play</title> <!-- do not change this! --> - <!--Describe the objective of the game.--> - <sect1 id="objective"> - <title>Objective</title> - <para>Moving your pieces, capture your opponent's pieces until your opponent's king is under attack and they have no move to stop the attack - called <quote>checkmate</quote>.</para> - <para>If it appears you cannot win, you can play for a draw (tie). Move your pieces until you have no legal moves left and your king is not under attack - called <quote>stalemate</quote>. - Other forms of draws can be available depending upon the chess rules being followed for the game.</para> - </sect1> + <chapter id="how-to-play"><title>How to play</title> <!-- do not change this! --> + <!--Describe the objective of the game.--> + <sect1 id="objective"> + <title>Objective</title> + <para>Moving your pieces, capture your opponent's pieces until your opponent's king is under attack and they have no move to stop the attack - called <quote>checkmate</quote>.</para> + <para>If it appears you cannot win, you can play for a draw (tie). Move your pieces until you have no legal moves left and your king is not under attack - called <quote>stalemate</quote>. + Other forms of draws can be available depending upon the chess rules being followed for the game.</para> + </sect1> - <!--How to play description. Don't be to specific on rules as they have a separate section in this document--> - <sect1 id="starting-the-game"> - <title>Starting the Game</title> - <para> - When the program starts or the user selects the <menuchoice><shortcut> - <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo> </shortcut> - <guimenu>Game</guimenu> <guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item, - a dialog is shown. In this dialog, it's possible to - specify who you are playing against, your color and - the time limits. - </para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-newgame-dialog.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para> - If you wish to play against a friend on the same computer, select - <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> - and <guilabel>Human</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>. - </para> - <para> - If you wish to play against the computer, select - <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and - <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>. - From this drop down list choose the program you would like to play against, and - make sure that the program you specify is installed on your - computer and that it supports either the XBoard or <acronym>UCI</acronym> protocols. - </para> - <para> - If you have installed a chess engine but it does not appear in the list, - click the <guibutton>Configure...</guibutton> button and add the engine - there. For more information on this dialog see <link linkend="configuration-engines">Computer Engines</link>. - </para> - <note> - <para> - Even though a program is listed in the dialog, it does not mean it is installed. - Make sure you install whatever chess engine you wish to play against. - You can check whether an engine is installed on your system or not in the - <guilabel>Chess Engines</guilabel> dialog. - </para> - </note> - <para> - If you wish to play against someone over the Internet, - select <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and - <guilabel>Chess server:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>. - You will have to login into the server and find - an opponent before you can start playing. - The Free Internet Chess Server - (<ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/";>FreeChess.org</ulink>) - supports guests, but you have to register in order to - play games which affect your rating. - </para> - <para> - You can also watch two programs play against each other, by selecting - <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for both players. - </para> - <para> - Similarly, you can play a computer engine against an opponent at a chess server. - However, note that the chess server may have a policy regarding such play. For the Free - Internet Chess Server it is located - <ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/Help/HelpFiles/computers.html";>here</ulink>. - </para> - <para> - The <guilabel>Use time control</guilabel> check box allows you to turn on an optional - timer. &i18n-knights; uses the standard chess time control which has three parameters - inside spinboxes: - </para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para> - <guilabel>Time control period:</guilabel> specifies the number of moves after which - the <guilabel>Initial time limit:</guilabel> is added to the player's clock. - You can disable this addition by setting the value to zero. - </para> - <note><para>This option is not available when playing on a chess server.</para></note> - <para/> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para> - The <guilabel>Initial time limit:</guilabel> is the amount of time the players start with. - </para> - </listitem> - <listitem> - <para> - <guilabel>Increment per move:</guilabel> specifies how much time will be added - to the player's clock after every move he makes. - It can be safely set to zero to disable incrementing the clock. - </para> - </listitem> - - </itemizedlist> - <para> - After you press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, the dialog will close. - If you selected a player at a chess server, you will have to log in and find your opponent. - Otherwise, the game will start immediately. - </para> - <note> - <para> - &i18n-knights; will load a default theme automatically once - you start the game and you can begin playing right away. - </para> - </note> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="server-dialog"> - <title>The Chess Server Dialog</title> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-account.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para> - If you chose to play on a chess server, you must first log in to the server. - If you have an account at the server, type in your username and password, and - select the <guilabel>This is a registered account</guilabel> check box. - Otherwise, type in a username of your choice, and press the <guibutton>Log in</guibutton> button. - </para> - <para> - There are two ways to choose the opponent. Either you post an ad for your game - (called a <quote>seek</quote>), or you respond to someone else's seek. - </para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-challenges.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para> - To post your own, go to the <guilabel>Challenges</guilabel> tab and press - <guibutton>Seek</guibutton> button. If you checked - <guilabel>Automatically start the game</guilabel>, once a player has accepted - your seek, the game will start immediately. - Otherwise, you have to accept the challenge manually, - by selecting it from the list and press <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button. - </para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-list.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para> - To respond to other people's seeks, use the <guilabel>Seek List</guilabel> - or <guilabel>Seek Graph</guilabel> tabs. On either tab, select the seek by clicking on it - and then pressing the <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button. - </para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-graph.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para> - The seek graph displays all currently posted seeks, arranged by opponent's rating - and game duration. Clicking on a point on the graph accepts the seek. - </para> - <note> - <para> - For advanced usage, &i18n-knights; provides direct access to the server console. - Select the <guilabel>Console</guilabel> tab to use it. - </para> - </note> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="playing-the-game"> - <title>Playing the Game</title> - <para> - Pieces are moved by clicking on them and dragging them to - the desired spot. You can only move a piece if it's yours, - it's your turn, and moving that piece does not put - your king into immediate danger. - </para> - <para> - &i18n-knights; follows the rules of standard chess, so you cannot make an illegal move. - </para> - </sect1> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="rules_and_tips"> - <title>Game Rules, Strategies and Tips</title> <!-- do not change this! --> - <!--This section has to do with game rules. Please give a detailed description of those using lists or paragraphs.--> - <sect1 id="standard-rules"> - <title>Standard Rules</title> - <para>The main set of rules for chess are set by the World Chess Federation - FIDE. Other national and local groups - may make slight modifications to the rules. Usually the major differences between rules are about timekeeping or types of - draws allowed - the basic game and piece movement are the same. &i18n-knights; supports standard chess and has some timing flexibility.</para> - <para>There are many variants to standard chess. One source has found over 2000 different variants of the game. Major - variants include Fischer Random, Bughouse, Crazyhouse and Suicide. Variants have differing rules on piece capture, piece - movement, ending the game and returning pieces to play. &i18n-knights; does not support chess variants.</para> - <para>Complete rules of standard chess can be found at:</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>World Chess Federation-FIDE (<ulink url="https://www.fide.com/";>fide.com</ulink>)</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>United States Chess Federation-USCF (<ulink url="https://new.uschess.org/";>new.uschess.org</ulink>)</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - <para>Rules and general chess information can be found at: - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess";>Wikipedia</ulink> </para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </para> - </sect1> + <!--How to play description. Don't be to specific on rules as they have a separate section in this document--> + <sect1 id="starting-the-game"> + <title>Starting the Game</title> + <para> + When the program starts or the user selects the <menuchoice><shortcut> + <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo> </shortcut> + <guimenu>Game</guimenu> <guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item, + a dialog is shown. In this dialog, it's possible to + specify who you are playing against, your color and + the time limits. + </para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-newgame-dialog.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para> + If you wish to play against a friend on the same computer, select + <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> + and <guilabel>Human</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>. + </para> + <para> + If you wish to play against the computer, select + <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and + <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>. + From this drop down list choose the program you would like to play against, and + make sure that the program you specify is installed on your + computer and that it supports either the XBoard or <acronym>UCI</acronym> protocols. + </para> + <para> + If you have installed a chess engine but it does not appear in the list, + click the <guibutton>Configure...</guibutton> button and add the engine + there. For more information on this dialog see <link linkend="configuration-engines">Computer Engines</link>. + </para> + <note><para> + Even though a program is listed in the dialog, it does not mean it is installed. + Make sure you install whatever chess engine you wish to play against. + You can check whether an engine is installed on your system or not in the + <guilabel>Chess Engines</guilabel> dialog. + </para></note> + <para> + If you wish to play against someone over the Internet, + select <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and + <guilabel>Chess server:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>. + You will have to login into the server and find + an opponent before you can start playing. + The Free Internet Chess Server + (<ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/";>FreeChess.org</ulink>) + supports guests, but you have to register in order to + play games which affect your rating. + </para> + <para> + You can also watch two programs play against each other, by selecting + <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for both players. + </para> + <para> + Similarly, you can play a computer engine against an opponent at a chess server. + However, note that the chess server may have a policy regarding such play. For the Free + Internet Chess Server it is located + <ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/Help/HelpFiles/computers.html";>here</ulink>. + </para> + <para> + The <guilabel>Use time control</guilabel> check box allows you to turn on an optional + timer. &i18n-knights; uses the standard chess time control which has three parameters + inside spinboxes: + </para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><guilabel>Time control period:</guilabel> specifies the number of moves + after which the <guilabel>Initial time limit:</guilabel> is added to the player's clock. + you can disable this addition by setting the value to zero.</para> + <note><para> + This option is not available when playing on a chess server. + </para></note> + <para/></listitem> + <listitem><para>The <guilabel>Initial time limit:</guilabel> is the amount of time the + players start with.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><guilabel>Increment per move:</guilabel> specifies how much time will be + added to the player's clock after every move he makes. It can be safely set to zero to + disable incrementing the clock.</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> - <sect1 id="board"> - <title>Chessboard</title> - <sect2 id="board-layout"> - <title>Board Layout</title> - <para>A chessboard consists of 64 equal squares arranged in eight rows and eight columns. The squares are arranged in - two alternating colors, white and black. Many different materials are used to make chessboards, so the lighter - colored material is known as white and the darker material is known as black.</para> - <para>Parts of the board are known by special names: - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>Rank - the eight horizontal rows of the chess board are called ranks.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>File - the eight vertical columns of the chess board are called files.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Diagonal - a straight line of squares of the same color running at an angle from - one edge of the board to another edge is called a diagonal.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Center - the four squares found in the middle of the board are called the center.</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </para> - <para>Each individual square has a name so records of the moves of the game can be kept. Several naming systems exist, - but <quote>algebraic notation</quote> is the most popular and is the official system. In this system, each square is - named for the row and column in which it is found. The ranks (rows) are numbered from 1 to 8 beginning with white's - side of the board and moving to black's side of the board. The files (columns) are labeled by lower case letters from - a to h moving from left to right based on the white player's viewpoint. The square is named by the letter followed by - the number. Thus the lower left hand square is known as a1. The naming structure can be seen in the following - diagram:</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="board-setup"> - <title>Initial Setup</title> - <para>The chessboard is rotated so that there is a white square in the first row at the player's right side.</para> - <para>The pieces are placed on the white and black side of the board in the same manner. In the first row beginning - at both outer edges and moving inward, place the rook (sometimes called the castle), the knight (sometimes called - the horse) and the bishop. For the two remaining squares, place the queen on the square with the same color. Place - the king on the final square. When completed, the same pieces face each other across the board. On the second row - place a row of pawns. The finished board then looks like the diagram below.</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board-setup.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - </sect2> - </sect1> + <para> + After you press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, the dialog will close. + If you selected a player at a chess server, you will have to log in and find your opponent. + Otherwise, the game will start immediately. + </para> + <note><para> + &i18n-knights; will load a default theme automatically once + you start the game and you can begin playing right away. + </para></note> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="server-dialog"> + <title>The Chess Server Dialog</title> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-account.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para> + If you chose to play on a chess server, you must first log in to the server. + If you have an account at the server, type in your username and password, and + select the <guilabel>This is a registered account</guilabel> check box. + Otherwise, type in a username of your choice, and press the <guibutton>Log in</guibutton> button. + </para> + <para> + There are two ways to choose the opponent. Either you post an ad for your game + (called a <quote>seek</quote>), or you respond to someone else's seek. + </para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-challenges.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para> + To post your own, go to the <guilabel>Challenges</guilabel> tab and press + <guibutton>Seek</guibutton> button. If you checked + <guilabel>Automatically start the game</guilabel>, once a player has accepted + your seek, the game will start immediately. + Otherwise, you have to accept the challenge manually, + by selecting it from the list and press <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button. + </para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-list.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para> + To respond to other people's seeks, use the <guilabel>Seek List</guilabel> + or <guilabel>Seek Graph</guilabel> tabs. On either tab, select the seek by clicking on it + and then pressing the <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button. + </para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-graph.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para> + The seek graph displays all currently posted seeks, arranged by opponent's rating + and game duration. Clicking on a point on the graph accepts the seek. + </para> + <note><para> + For advanced usage, &i18n-knights; provides direct access to the server console. + Select the <guilabel>Console</guilabel> tab to use it. + </para></note> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="playing-the-game"> + <title>Playing the Game</title> + <para> + Pieces are moved by clicking on them and dragging them to + the desired spot. You can only move a piece if it's yours, + it's your turn, and moving that piece does not put + your king into immediate danger. + </para> + <para> + &i18n-knights; follows the rules of standard chess, so you cannot make an illegal move. + </para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="rules_and_tips"> + <title>Game Rules, Strategies and Tips</title> <!-- do not change this! --> + <!--This section has to do with game rules. Please give a detailed description of those using lists or paragraphs.--> + <sect1 id="standard-rules"> + <title>Standard Rules</title> + <para>The main set of rules for chess are set by the World Chess Federation - FIDE. Other national and local groups + may make slight modifications to the rules. Usually the major differences between rules are about timekeeping or types of + draws allowed - the basic game and piece movement are the same. &i18n-knights; supports standard chess and has some timing flexibility.</para> + <para>There are many variants to standard chess. One source has found over 2000 different variants of the game. Major + variants include Fischer Random, Bughouse, Crazyhouse and Suicide. Variants have differing rules on piece capture, piece + movement, ending the game and returning pieces to play. &i18n-knights; does not support chess variants.</para> + <para>Complete rules of standard chess can be found at:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>World Chess Federation-FIDE (<ulink url="https://www.fide.com/";>fide.com</ulink>)</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>United States Chess Federation-USCF (<ulink url="https://new.uschess.org/";>new.uschess.org</ulink>)</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para>Rules and general chess information can be found at:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess";>Wikipedia</ulink> </para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </sect1> - <sect1 id="piece-movement"> - <title>Piece Movement</title> - <sect2 id="all-movement"> - <title>Moving and Capturing</title> - <para>Chess has six types of pieces: the Pawn, Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen and King. Each piece has its own - unique way to move. There are some similarities between the moves of the various pieces. All the pieces - except the knight move in a straight line - horizontally, vertically or diagonally. They cannot move past the - end of the board and return on the other side. The edge of the board is a boundary which cannot be crossed. - All the pieces except the knight may not jump over other pieces - all squares between the square where the piece - starts its move and where it ends its move must be empty. The move may not end on a square presently occupied - by a piece of the same color.</para> - - <para>If the square where a piece ends its move contains an opponent's piece, the opponent's piece is <quote>captured</quote>, - and it is removed from play. All the pieces may be captured except the king. The game ends on the move before the - king is captured - <quote><link linkend="checkmate">checkmate</link></quote>. Capturing always requires the attacking piece - to land on the square of the opponent's piece while making a normal move. The only exception is for capturing a pawn - <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant</link>. You are not required to capture a piece when there is an opportunity - to do so, capturing is an option. The only time that capture is required is if the king is under attack and capturing the - attacking piece is the only way to stop the attack.</para> - - <para>In the picture below, the white rook can move to the right, left, up or down (vertically or horizontally) in straight lines. - It can move down and to the right any number of squares until the end of the board is reached. These squares have a green - X on them. It can move a maximum of two squares to the left. The remainder of the board is blocked by a piece of the same - color, in this case a white knight. The rook cannot jump over the knight to reach the end of the board. It can move only one square - up before being blocked by the black pawn. It can capture the pawn by moving two squares up and landing on the pawn, since the - pawn is an opposing piece (piece of a different color). This square has a red X on it. It cannot jump over the pawn to reach - the end of the board. Therefore, the rook has a total of ten squares where it can go.</para> + <sect1 id="board"> + <title>Chessboard</title> + <sect2 id="board-layout"> + <title>Board Layout</title> + <para>A chessboard consists of 64 equal squares arranged in eight rows and eight columns. The squares are arranged in + two alternating colors, white and black. Many different materials are used to make chessboards, so the lighter + colored material is known as white and the darker material is known as black.</para> + <para>Parts of the board are known by special names:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>Rank - the eight horizontal rows of the chess board are called ranks.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>File - the eight vertical columns of the chess board are called files.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Diagonal - a straight line of squares of the same color running at an angle from + one edge of the board to another edge is called a diagonal.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Center - the four squares found in the middle of the board are called the center.</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para>Each individual square has a name so records of the moves of the game can be kept. Several naming systems exist, + but <quote>algebraic notation</quote> is the most popular and is the official system. In this system, each square is + named for the row and column in which it is found. The ranks (rows) are numbered from 1 to 8 beginning with white's + side of the board and moving to black's side of the board. The files (columns) are labeled by lower case letters from + a to h moving from left to right based on the white player's viewpoint. The square is named by the letter followed by + the number. Thus the lower left hand square is known as a1. The naming structure can be seen in the following + diagram:</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="board-setup"> + <title>Initial Setup</title> + <para>The chessboard is rotated so that there is a white square in the first row at the player's right side.</para> + <para>The pieces are placed on the white and black side of the board in the same manner. In the first row beginning + at both outer edges and moving inward, place the rook (sometimes called the castle), the knight (sometimes called + the horse) and the bishop. For the two remaining squares, place the queen on the square with the same color. Place + the king on the final square. When completed, the same pieces face each other across the board. On the second row + place a row of pawns. The finished board then looks like the diagram below.</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board-setup.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + </sect2> + </sect1> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-limits.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - - <para>To begin the game, white moves first. The players then alternate making one move at a time. You must move on your turn, you are not allowed to pass.</para> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="pawn-movement"> - <title>Pawn</title> - <para>The pawn is the most numerous and the least powerful piece on the chessboard. Pawns are unusual in their movement. Generally - the pawn moves forward only, one square at a time. An exception is the first time a pawn is moved, it may move forward two squares. - The pawn cannot jump over other pieces; any piece directly in front of a pawn blocks its advance to that square. The pawn is the - only piece that cannot move backward. The pawn is also the only piece that does not capture in the same way that it moves. The - pawn captures an opposing piece by moving diagonally one square - it cannot capture by moving straight ahead.</para> - - <para>In the picture below the lower pawn is still on its original square, so it may move one or two squares forward (indicated - by the green X). It may capture by moving to the right or left at a diagonal, but only if that square is occupied by an opposing - piece (indicated by the red X). Otherwise, it may not move diagonally. The upper pawn has already moved from its original square. - It may move only one square forward. Likewise, it can capture moving to the left or right diagonally if the square contains an - opposing piece.</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-pawn.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - - <para>The pawn also is involved in two special moves. The first is the <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant capture</link> - where a pawn is captured on its initial two square move. The second is the <link linkend="pawn-promotion-movement">pawn promotion</link> - where a pawn is promoted to another piece when the pawn reaches the other end of the board.</para> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="bishop-movement"> - <title>Bishop</title> - <para>The Bishop moves in a straight line diagonally on the board. It can move as many squares as wanted, until it meets the end of - the board or another piece. The bishop cannot jump over other pieces. The bishop captures on the same path it moves, by landing - on the square of the opposing piece. Because of the way the bishop moves, the piece always remains on the same color squares it - started on. Each player begins with two bishops, one on the black-colored and one on the white-colored squares. They are frequently - referred to as the <quote>dark-squared</quote> bishop and <quote>light-squared</quote> bishop. The bishops can also be named according - to the side they begin on - king's bishop and queen's bishop.</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-bishop.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="rook-movement"> - <title>Rook</title> - <para>The rook moves in a straight line either horizontally or vertically through any number of unoccupied squares, until it reaches - the end of board or it is blocked by another piece. It cannot jump over other pieces. The rook captures on the same path - it moves, by occupying the square on which an enemy piece stands. The rook can land on any square on the board, therefore it - is one of the more powerful pieces on the board.</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-rook.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para>The rook is also involved in a special move. It is the <link linkend="castling-movement">castling move</link> - where a rook and the king are grouped into a defensive position.</para> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="knight-movement"> - <title>Knight</title> - <para>The Knight is the most special piece in chess, having a flexibility that makes it a powerful piece. The knight is the - only piece on the board that may jump over other pieces. The knight moves two squares horizontally or vertically and - then one more square at a right-angle. The knight’s move is shaped as an <quote>L</quote>. The knight always lands on a square - opposite in color from its initial square. The knight can jump over pieces of either color while going to its - destination square, but it does not capture any pieces it jumps over. The knight captures by landing on the square - of the opposing piece. The knight cannot land on a square occupied by a piece of the same color. Since the knight's - movement is not in a straight line, it can attack a queen, bishop, or rook without being reciprocally attacked by that - piece.</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-knight.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="queen-movement"> - <title>Queen</title> - <para>The Queen is considered the most powerful piece on the board. It can move any number of squares in a straight - line - either vertically, horizontally or diagonally. The queen moves like the rook and bishop combined. Unless - capturing, the queen must move to an unoccupied square; and it cannot jump over pieces. The queen captures on the - same path it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece.</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-queen.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="king-movement"> - <title>King</title> - <para>The King is the most important piece in chess. If the king is trapped so that its capture is unavoidable, the game is - over and that player loses. The king has little mobility, so it is also considered one of the weakest pieces in the game. - The king can move to any adjacent square. That is, it can move one square in any direction: horizontally, vertically, or - diagonally. It cannot move onto a square occupied by a piece of the same color. The king captures another piece in - the same way it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece. There is an additional limit on the movement of - the king. The king may not move to a square which would put the king under attack by an opposing piece (called in <quote>check</quote>). - As a result of this limit, two kings may never stand next to each other - since moving next to the opposing king would - put the moving king into check. The king can also be forced to move or capture if the king is under attack - (<quote>check</quote>) and the only way to stop the attack is to move the king.</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-king.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - </sect2> - </sect1> + <sect1 id="piece-movement"> + <title>Piece Movement</title> + <sect2 id="all-movement"> + <title>Moving and Capturing</title> + <para>Chess has six types of pieces: the Pawn, Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen and King. Each piece has its own + unique way to move. There are some similarities between the moves of the various pieces. All the pieces + except the knight move in a straight line - horizontally, vertically or diagonally. They cannot move past the + end of the board and return on the other side. The edge of the board is a boundary which cannot be crossed. + All the pieces except the knight may not jump over other pieces - all squares between the square where the piece + starts its move and where it ends its move must be empty. The move may not end on a square presently occupied + by a piece of the same color.</para> + + <para>If the square where a piece ends its move contains an opponent's piece, the opponent's piece is <quote>captured</quote>, + and it is removed from play. All the pieces may be captured except the king. The game ends on the move before the + king is captured - <quote><link linkend="checkmate">checkmate</link></quote>. Capturing always requires the attacking piece + to land on the square of the opponent's piece while making a normal move. The only exception is for capturing a pawn + <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant</link>. You are not required to capture a piece when there is an opportunity + to do so, capturing is an option. The only time that capture is required is if the king is under attack and capturing the + attacking piece is the only way to stop the attack.</para> + + <para>In the picture below, the white rook can move to the right, left, up or down (vertically or horizontally) in straight lines. + It can move down and to the right any number of squares until the end of the board is reached. These squares have a green + X on them. It can move a maximum of two squares to the left. The remainder of the board is blocked by a piece of the same + color, in this case a white knight. The rook cannot jump over the knight to reach the end of the board. It can move only one square + up before being blocked by the black pawn. It can capture the pawn by moving two squares up and landing on the pawn, since the + pawn is an opposing piece (piece of a different color). This square has a red X on it. It cannot jump over the pawn to reach + the end of the board. Therefore, the rook has a total of ten squares where it can go.</para> - <sect1 id="special-movement"> - <title>Special Moves</title> - <sect2 id="en_passant-movement"> - <title>En Passant</title> - <para>When the rule to allow a pawn to move two squares on its first move was added, a pawn could potentially evade capture by an - opponent's pawn by going past a square under attack. The en passant capture (from the French for <quote>in passing</quote>) was - added to prevent this. The capture is made exactly as if the pawn had moved only one square forward. There are - special conditions for the en passant capture: - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>A pawn must move two squares from its initial position in a single move.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>An opposing pawn must be attacking the square the first pawn moved over.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>The first pawn can be captured as if it moved only one square.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>The capture can only be made at the opponent's next move. If the capture is not made, - the first pawn is safe from en passant capture for the remainder of the game.</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </para> - <para>In the diagram below, the white pawn has not moved from its initial position. Its first move can be - one or two squares ahead. The first square is under attack by the black pawn (pawns attack diagonally) as - indicated by the red X. The white pawn moves ahead two squares, avoiding the attack. On the next move, - the black pawn moves into the square where the white pawn would have moved if it could only move a single - square on the first move. The black pawn successfully attacks the white pawn, and captures it - <quote>en passant</quote>. The white pawn is removed from play.</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-enpassant.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="castling-movement"> - <title>Castling</title> - <para>Castling uses the king and one rook, and is the only time in a game when more than one piece may be moved - during a single turn. In castling a king is moved two squares towards the rook and the rook is then moved to - the square on the other side of the king.</para> - - <para>Castling has some rigid requirements: - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>Both the king and the rook may never have moved during the game.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>There are no pieces between the king and the rook.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>The king is not in check.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>The king does not cross over a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>The king does not end the move on a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces. (The - castling move cannot end with the king in check.)</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </para> - - <para>There are two forms of castling. One is called <quote>kingside castling</quote>. It is also known as - <quote>short castling</quote>, since it is performed to the short side of the board and the rook only has to - move two squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-kingside.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - - <para>The second form of castling is called <quote>queenside castling</quote>, where the king moves towards the - square vacated by the queen. It is also known as <quote>long castling</quote>, since it is performed to the long - side of the board and the rook has to move three squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-queenside.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - - <note> - <para> - In &i18n-knights; to castle you move the king two squares towards the rook. &i18n-knights; will complete - the castling move. Do not move the rook, as &i18n-knights; assumes you wish only to move the rook and - not to castle. - </para> - </note> - - </sect2> - <sect2 id="pawn-promotion-movement"> - <title>Pawn Promotion</title> - <para>When a pawn has reached the other end of the board it cannot move further, since - it always must move forward and not backwards. The pawn is then turned - (<quote>promoted</quote>) into a queen, rook, bishop or knight. This promotion - occurs as part of the move. Usually the piece chosen is the queen, often called - <quote>queening</quote>. The other pieces are sometimes chosen when their movements - will aid in checkmate, often called <quote>under promoting</quote>. The pawn can be - turned into a piece even if that type of piece is still on the board. Thus you can have - two queens or three rooks, bishops or knights in play at once.</para> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="game-end"> - <title>Game Endings</title> - <sect2 id="checkmate"> - <title>Checkmate</title> - <para>When a king is under attack and threatened with capture by an opponent's piece, the king is - said to be <quote>in check</quote>. A king must get out of check immediately. There are three possible - ways to get out of check. - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>Capture the attacking piece.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Move the king away from the attack and to a safe square which is not under attack by - an opponent's piece.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Block the attack by placing a piece between the attacker and the king. - (Cannot be done for an attack by a knight or pawn.)</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </para> - - <para> - If the king has no way to escape from the check, the position is called <quote>checkmate</quote> and - the game ends. The player who is checkmated loses the game. The king is never actually captured - and removed from the board.</para> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="resign"> - <title>Resign</title> - <para>At any time during the game, a player may resign (quit). The - game ends and the player's opponent wins the game.</para> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="draw"> - <title>Draw</title> - <para>A <quote>draw</quote> is a tie between the players. There are several ways that a - draw can occur. - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>Stalemate - (see below)</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Threefold repetition - If the exact same position is repeated at least 3 times - (not necessarily by a repetition of moves). It requires that the possible moves of all - the pieces of both players are the same. If the possibility of a pawn being captured - en passant has changed or the possibility to castle has changed, the position is not - the same - even if the pieces are in the same locations.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Fifty-move rule - If no piece has been captured or a pawn moved in the last fifty moves - by each player.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Impossibility of checkmate - If a position arises in which neither player could possibly - give checkmate by a series of legal moves. Usually this is because there is insufficient material left - to checkmate, but it is possible in other positions. Combinations with insufficient material to - checkmate are: - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>king versus king</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>king and knight versus king</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king and bishop with both bishops on the same color</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Time expires - If a player's time runs out and their opponent does not have mating material. - (see below)</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Mutual agreement - If both players agree to draw.</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </para> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="stalemate"> - <title>Stalemate</title> - <para>If a player has no legal move (every possible move would put their king in check) but - their king is not presently in check, the game ends in a <quote>stalemate</quote>. Stalemate results in - the game being a draw.</para> - </sect2> - <sect2 id="time-end"> - <title>Time</title> - <para>If time should run out on a player before they complete the - required number of moves: - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>The player loses the game if the opponent has mating material.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>The game is a draw if the opponent does not having mating material.</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - Mating material is considered to be any group of pieces except just a king, a king and a bishop, - or a king and a knight.</para> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="time-controls"> - <title>Time Controls</title> - <para>Many games of chess use time controls to speed the play or ensure a finish in a reasonable period. - There are two main forms of time controls.</para> - - <para>The first time control type is moves-per-time. In this type a player must complete a specified - number of moves within a fixed period of time.</para> - - <para>The second time control type is called <quote>sudden death</quote>. In this type there - is a fixed amount of time to complete the game, regardless of the number of moves made.</para> - - <para>Within the time control there can be a time delay to compensate for the time lost in physically - making a move. In the <quote>Bronstein delay</quote> the clock does not start running at the beginning - of the player's move until the delay time is over. If the move is completed before the delay time expires, - no time is subtracted from the player's clock. In the <quote>Fischer delay</quote> the delay time is added - to the player's remaining time before the move. If the move is made before the delay time expires, - the remaining delay time is kept by the player and their clock time increases. Similarly, a fixed time can - be added to the player's clock after a move is completed. When time is added to the clock, the time amount is - referred to as the <quote>time increment</quote>.</para> - - <para>Time controls vary widely depending upon the game, game type and any sponsor. Also during a game there - may be several types of time controls joined together, with unused time added to the next time control. For - all major World Chess Federation (FIDE) events the time control is 90 minutes for the first 40 moves followed - by 30 minutes sudden death, with an additional 30 seconds per move beginning with the first move. The defaults - on FICS (Free Internet Chess Server) are 2 minutes for the game (sudden death), plus 12 seconds time increment - for each move. Many major events use 90 minutes sudden death for their time control. The US Chess Federation - Blitz chess time control is 5 minutes for the game, with no time delays/increments.</para> - </sect1> - </chapter> - - <chapter id="markers"> - <title>Markers</title> - <para> - Markers are highlights of squares on the chessboard. They can be used to show legal moves for your - chess piece, the opponent's previous move, or a king in check. Their color and shape depends on which - theme you are using. They can be toggled on/off in the general settings section of the configuration menu. - </para> - <para> - Clicking on your piece during your turn displays a marker on every square on which that piece can be moved. - The picture shows the legal moves for the white queen. - </para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-moving-queen.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para> - When your opponent has made a move, their last move is indicated by markers. One marker shows the - initial position of the chess piece, and a second highlights the new position of the chess piece. - </para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-lastmove.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para> - If the opponent's last move put your king under attack (<quote>check</quote>), your - king and all attacking pieces are highlighted as well. - </para> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-danger.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <note> - <para>Some themes may not support all types of markers.</para> - </note> - </chapter> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-limits.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + + <para>To begin the game, white moves first. The players then alternate making one move at a time. You must move on your turn, you are not allowed to pass.</para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="pawn-movement"> + <title>Pawn</title> + <para>The pawn is the most numerous and the least powerful piece on the chessboard. Pawns are unusual in their movement. Generally + the pawn moves forward only, one square at a time. An exception is the first time a pawn is moved, it may move forward two squares. + The pawn cannot jump over other pieces; any piece directly in front of a pawn blocks its advance to that square. The pawn is the + only piece that cannot move backward. The pawn is also the only piece that does not capture in the same way that it moves. The + pawn captures an opposing piece by moving diagonally one square - it cannot capture by moving straight ahead.</para> + + <para>In the picture below the lower pawn is still on its original square, so it may move one or two squares forward (indicated + by the green X). It may capture by moving to the right or left at a diagonal, but only if that square is occupied by an opposing + piece (indicated by the red X). Otherwise, it may not move diagonally. The upper pawn has already moved from its original square. + It may move only one square forward. Likewise, it can capture moving to the left or right diagonally if the square contains an + opposing piece.</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-pawn.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + + <para>The pawn also is involved in two special moves. The first is the <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant capture</link> + where a pawn is captured on its initial two square move. The second is the <link linkend="pawn-promotion-movement">pawn promotion</link> + where a pawn is promoted to another piece when the pawn reaches the other end of the board.</para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="bishop-movement"> + <title>Bishop</title> + <para>The Bishop moves in a straight line diagonally on the board. It can move as many squares as wanted, until it meets the end of + the board or another piece. The bishop cannot jump over other pieces. The bishop captures on the same path it moves, by landing + on the square of the opposing piece. Because of the way the bishop moves, the piece always remains on the same color squares it + started on. Each player begins with two bishops, one on the black-colored and one on the white-colored squares. They are frequently + referred to as the <quote>dark-squared</quote> bishop and <quote>light-squared</quote> bishop. The bishops can also be named according + to the side they begin on - king's bishop and queen's bishop.</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-bishop.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="rook-movement"> + <title>Rook</title> + <para>The rook moves in a straight line either horizontally or vertically through any number of unoccupied squares, until it reaches + the end of board or it is blocked by another piece. It cannot jump over other pieces. The rook captures on the same path + it moves, by occupying the square on which an enemy piece stands. The rook can land on any square on the board, therefore it + is one of the more powerful pieces on the board.</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-rook.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para>The rook is also involved in a special move. It is the <link linkend="castling-movement">castling move</link> + where a rook and the king are grouped into a defensive position.</para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="knight-movement"> + <title>Knight</title> + <para>The Knight is the most special piece in chess, having a flexibility that makes it a powerful piece. The knight is the + only piece on the board that may jump over other pieces. The knight moves two squares horizontally or vertically and + then one more square at a right-angle. The knight’s move is shaped as an <quote>L</quote>. The knight always lands on a square + opposite in color from its initial square. The knight can jump over pieces of either color while going to its + destination square, but it does not capture any pieces it jumps over. The knight captures by landing on the square + of the opposing piece. The knight cannot land on a square occupied by a piece of the same color. Since the knight's + movement is not in a straight line, it can attack a queen, bishop, or rook without being reciprocally attacked by that + piece.</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-knight.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="queen-movement"> + <title>Queen</title> + <para>The Queen is considered the most powerful piece on the board. It can move any number of squares in a straight + line - either vertically, horizontally or diagonally. The queen moves like the rook and bishop combined. Unless + capturing, the queen must move to an unoccupied square; and it cannot jump over pieces. The queen captures on the + same path it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece.</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-queen.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="king-movement"> + <title>King</title> + <para>The King is the most important piece in chess. If the king is trapped so that its capture is unavoidable, the game is + over and that player loses. The king has little mobility, so it is also considered one of the weakest pieces in the game. + The king can move to any adjacent square. That is, it can move one square in any direction: horizontally, vertically, or + diagonally. It cannot move onto a square occupied by a piece of the same color. The king captures another piece in + the same way it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece. There is an additional limit on the movement of + the king. The king may not move to a square which would put the king under attack by an opposing piece (called in <quote>check</quote>). + As a result of this limit, two kings may never stand next to each other - since moving next to the opposing king would + put the moving king into check. The king can also be forced to move or capture if the king is under attack + (<quote>check</quote>) and the only way to stop the attack is to move the king.</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-king.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + </sect2> + </sect1> - <chapter id="configuration"> - <title>Game Configuration</title><!-- do not change this! --> - <para> - The &i18n-knights; configuration dialog allows you to change visual - options, as well as select themes for &i18n-knights;. - </para> - <para> - Once you are satisfied with the changes you have selected you - can make the changes by either press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> - or the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, located at the bottom part - of the dialog. Pressing <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button will also close the - configuration dialog. - </para> - <para> - If, however, you are dissatisfied with your changes – simply press - <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button to discard the changes and close - the configuration dialog. You must press the <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button - before clicking <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> or <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button. - </para> + <sect1 id="special-movement"> + <title>Special Moves</title> + <sect2 id="en_passant-movement"> + <title>En Passant</title> + <para>When the rule to allow a pawn to move two squares on its first move was added, a pawn could potentially evade capture by an + opponent's pawn by going past a square under attack. The en passant capture (from the French for <quote>in passing</quote>) was + added to prevent this. The capture is made exactly as if the pawn had moved only one square forward. There are + special conditions for the en passant capture:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>A pawn must move two squares from its initial position in a single move.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>An opposing pawn must be attacking the square the first pawn moved over.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The first pawn can be captured as if it moved only one square.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The capture can only be made at the opponent's next move. If the capture is not made, + the first pawn is safe from en passant capture for the remainder of the game.</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para>In the diagram below, the white pawn has not moved from its initial position. Its first move can be + one or two squares ahead. The first square is under attack by the black pawn (pawns attack diagonally) as + indicated by the red X. The white pawn moves ahead two squares, avoiding the attack. On the next move, + the black pawn moves into the square where the white pawn would have moved if it could only move a single + square on the first move. The black pawn successfully attacks the white pawn, and captures it + <quote>en passant</quote>. The white pawn is removed from play.</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-enpassant.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="castling-movement"> + <title>Castling</title> + <para>Castling uses the king and one rook, and is the only time in a game when more than one piece may be moved + during a single turn. In castling a king is moved two squares towards the rook and the rook is then moved to + the square on the other side of the king.</para> + + <para>Castling has some rigid requirements:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>Both the king and the rook may never have moved during the game.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>There are no pieces between the king and the rook.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The king is not in check.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The king does not cross over a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The king does not end the move on a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces. (The + castling move cannot end with the king in check.)</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + <para>There are two forms of castling. One is called <quote>kingside castling</quote>. It is also known as + <quote>short castling</quote>, since it is performed to the short side of the board and the rook only has to + move two squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-kingside.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + + <para>The second form of castling is called <quote>queenside castling</quote>, where the king moves towards the + square vacated by the queen. It is also known as <quote>long castling</quote>, since it is performed to the long + side of the board and the rook has to move three squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-queenside.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + + <note><para> + In &i18n-knights; to castle you move the king two squares towards the rook. &i18n-knights; will complete + the castling move. Do not move the rook, as &i18n-knights; assumes you wish only to move the rook and + not to castle. + </para></note> + + </sect2> + <sect2 id="pawn-promotion-movement"> + <title>Pawn Promotion</title> + <para>When a pawn has reached the other end of the board it cannot move further, since + it always must move forward and not backwards. The pawn is then turned + (<quote>promoted</quote>) into a queen, rook, bishop or knight. This promotion + occurs as part of the move. Usually the piece chosen is the queen, often called + <quote>queening</quote>. The other pieces are sometimes chosen when their movements + will aid in checkmate, often called <quote>under promoting</quote>. The pawn can be + turned into a piece even if that type of piece is still on the board. Thus you can have + two queens or three rooks, bishops or knights in play at once.</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="game-end"> + <title>Game Endings</title> + <sect2 id="checkmate"> + <title>Checkmate</title> + <para>When a king is under attack and threatened with capture by an opponent's piece, the king is + said to be <quote>in check</quote>. A king must get out of check immediately. There are three possible + ways to get out of check.</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>Capture the attacking piece.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Move the king away from the attack and to a safe square which is not under attack by + an opponent's piece.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Block the attack by placing a piece between the attacker and the king. + (Cannot be done for an attack by a knight or pawn.)</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + <para> + If the king has no way to escape from the check, the position is called <quote>checkmate</quote> and + the game ends. The player who is checkmated loses the game. The king is never actually captured + and removed from the board.</para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="resign"> + <title>Resign</title> + <para>At any time during the game, a player may resign (quit). The + game ends and the player's opponent wins the game.</para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="draw"> + <title>Draw</title> + <para>A <quote>draw</quote> is a tie between the players. There are several ways that a + draw can occur.</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>Stalemate - (see below)</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Threefold repetition - If the exact same position is repeated at least 3 times + (not necessarily by a repetition of moves). It requires that the possible moves of all + the pieces of both players are the same. If the possibility of a pawn being captured + en passant has changed or the possibility to castle has changed, the position is not + the same - even if the pieces are in the same locations.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Fifty-move rule - If no piece has been captured or a pawn moved in the last fifty moves + by each player.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Impossibility of checkmate - If a position arises in which neither player could possibly + give checkmate by a series of legal moves. Usually this is because there is insufficient material left + to checkmate, but it is possible in other positions. Combinations with insufficient material to + checkmate are:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>king versus king</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>king and knight versus king</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king and bishop with both bishops on the same color</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </listitem> + <listitem><para>Time expires - If a player's time runs out and their opponent does not have mating material. + (see below)</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Mutual agreement - If both players agree to draw.</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="stalemate"> + <title>Stalemate</title> + <para>If a player has no legal move (every possible move would put their king in check) but + their king is not presently in check, the game ends in a <quote>stalemate</quote>. Stalemate results in + the game being a draw.</para> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="time-end"> + <title>Time</title> + <para>If time should run out on a player before they complete the + required number of moves:</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>The player loses the game if the opponent has mating material.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>The game is a draw if the opponent does not having mating material.</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para>Mating material is considered to be any group of pieces except just a king, a king and a bishop, + or a king and a knight.</para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + <sect1 id="time-controls"> + <title>Time Controls</title> + <para>Many games of chess use time controls to speed the play or ensure a finish in a reasonable period. + There are two main forms of time controls.</para> + + <para>The first time control type is moves-per-time. In this type a player must complete a specified + number of moves within a fixed period of time.</para> + + <para>The second time control type is called <quote>sudden death</quote>. In this type there + is a fixed amount of time to complete the game, regardless of the number of moves made.</para> + + <para>Within the time control there can be a time delay to compensate for the time lost in physically + making a move. In the <quote>Bronstein delay</quote> the clock does not start running at the beginning + of the player's move until the delay time is over. If the move is completed before the delay time expires, + no time is subtracted from the player's clock. In the <quote>Fischer delay</quote> the delay time is added + to the player's remaining time before the move. If the move is made before the delay time expires, + the remaining delay time is kept by the player and their clock time increases. Similarly, a fixed time can + be added to the player's clock after a move is completed. When time is added to the clock, the time amount is + referred to as the <quote>time increment</quote>.</para> + + <para>Time controls vary widely depending upon the game, game type and any sponsor. Also during a game there + may be several types of time controls joined together, with unused time added to the next time control. For + all major World Chess Federation (FIDE) events the time control is 90 minutes for the first 40 moves followed + by 30 minutes sudden death, with an additional 30 seconds per move beginning with the first move. The defaults + on FICS (Free Internet Chess Server) are 2 minutes for the game (sudden death), plus 12 seconds time increment + for each move. Many major events use 90 minutes sudden death for their time control. The US Chess Federation + Blitz chess time control is 5 minutes for the game, with no time delays/increments.</para> + </sect1> + </chapter> + + <chapter id="markers"> + <title>Markers</title> + <para> + Markers are highlights of squares on the chessboard. They can be used to show legal moves for your + chess piece, the opponent's previous move, or a king in check. Their color and shape depends on which + theme you are using. They can be toggled on/off in the general settings section of the configuration menu. + </para> + <para> + Clicking on your piece during your turn displays a marker on every square on which that piece can be moved. + The picture shows the legal moves for the white queen. + </para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-moving-queen.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para> + When your opponent has made a move, their last move is indicated by markers. One marker shows the + initial position of the chess piece, and a second highlights the new position of the chess piece. + </para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-lastmove.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para> + If the opponent's last move put your king under attack (<quote>check</quote>), your + king and all attacking pieces are highlighted as well. + </para> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-danger.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <note> + <para>Some themes may not support all types of markers.</para> + </note> + </chapter> - <sect1 id="configuration-general"> - <title>General</title> - <para> - The <guilabel>General</guilabel> section contains options on the - general appearance of &i18n-knights;. Animations of the pieces and - board can be enabled or modified. The animations section is visible - based upon system software, and is seen only if animations are - available. Turning around the board is available, allowing the &i18n-knights; - chess board to be flipped when used on a computer screen or stationary when - used on a tablet computer as a chess board replacement. - All three types of <link linkend="markers">markers</link> - can be enabled or disabled. Borders around the chess board can be - activated with or without algebraic chess notation by using a drop - down menu. - </para> - <note> - <para> - Some themes may not support markers, borders and/or notations. - In this case, the configuration will have no effect on them, - but will be remembered in case you change themes again. - </para> - </note> - </sect1> + <chapter id="configuration"> + <title>Game Configuration</title><!-- do not change this! --> + <para> + The &i18n-knights; configuration dialog allows you to change visual + options, as well as select themes for &i18n-knights;. + </para> + <para> + Once you are satisfied with the changes you have selected you + can make the changes by either press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> + or the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, located at the bottom part + of the dialog. Pressing <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button will also close the + configuration dialog. + </para> + <para> + If, however, you are dissatisfied with your changes – simply press + <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button to discard the changes and close + the configuration dialog. You must press the <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button + before clicking <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> or <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button. + </para> - <sect1 id="configuration-engines"> - <title>Computer Engines</title> - <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-engines.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> - <para> - The <guilabel>Computer Engines</guilabel> section allows you to configure - your computer opponents. For each engine specify the program name, the command used - to launch it, and the protocol it uses. &i18n-knights; supports two protocols for - chess engines: XBoard and UCI. - </para> - <para> - A new engine configuration can be added by press <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button and - entering the three options mentioned above. A symbol in the last columns tells you whether - the specified program is installed on your computer or not. - </para> - </sect1> + <sect1 id="configuration-general"> + <title>General</title> + <para> + The <guilabel>General</guilabel> section contains options on the + general appearance of &i18n-knights;. Animations of the pieces and + board can be enabled or modified. The animations section is visible + based upon system software, and is seen only if animations are + available. Turning around the board is available, allowing the &i18n-knights; + chess board to be flipped when used on a computer screen or stationary when + used on a tablet computer as a chess board replacement. + All three types of <link linkend="markers">markers</link> + can be enabled or disabled. Borders around the chess board can be + activated with or without algebraic chess notation by using a drop + down menu. + </para> + <note><para> + Some themes may not support markers, borders and/or notations. + In this case, the configuration will have no effect on them, + but will be remembered in case you change themes again. + </para></note> + </sect1> - <sect1 id="configuration-themes"> - <title>Themes</title> - <para> - The <guilabel>Theme</guilabel> section allows the selection of a - theme. The theme supplies the images for the board, pieces, - markers and other items. To select a new theme, choose the - theme's name from the selection list. You can also - download new themes from the same page, by pressing the - <guibutton>Get New Themes...</guibutton> button. Themes are stored - at kde-look.org under &knights;. - </para> - <note> - <para> - For your convenience a quick preview screenshot will be - displayed on the right hand side of the selection list - as soon as you select the theme you are interested in. - </para> - </note> - </sect1> - </chapter> + <sect1 id="configuration-engines"> + <title>Computer Engines</title> + <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-engines.png" /></imageobject></mediaobject> + <para> + The <guilabel>Computer Engines</guilabel> section allows you to configure + your computer opponents. For each engine specify the program name, the command used + to launch it, and the protocol it uses. &i18n-knights; supports two protocols for + chess engines: XBoard and UCI. + </para> + <para> + A new engine configuration can be added by press <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button and + entering the three options mentioned above. A symbol in the last columns tells you whether + the specified program is installed on your computer or not. + </para> + </sect1> - <chapter id="credits-and-license"> - <title>Credits and License</title> + <sect1 id="configuration-themes"> + <title>Themes</title> + <para> + The <guilabel>Theme</guilabel> section allows the selection of a + theme. The theme supplies the images for the board, pieces, + markers and other items. To select a new theme, choose the + theme's name from the selection list. You can also + download new themes from the same page, by pressing the + <guibutton>Get New Themes...</guibutton> button. Themes are stored + at kde-look.org under &knights;. + </para> + <note><para> + For your convenience a quick preview screenshot will be + displayed on the right hand side of the selection list + as soon as you select the theme you are interested in. + </para></note> + </sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter id="credits-and-license"> + <title>Credits and License</title> - <para>&knights;</para> - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para> - Miha Čančula - <email>[email protected]</email> - - Original Author - </para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - <para> - Documentation copyright 2010, Miha Čančula - <email>[email protected]</email> - </para> - - <!-- TRANS:CREDIT_FOR_TRANSLATORS --> + <para>&knights;</para> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>Miha Čančula <email>[email protected]</email> - Original Author</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para> + Documentation copyright 2010, Miha Čančula + <email>[email protected]</email> + </para> + + <!-- TRANS:CREDIT_FOR_TRANSLATORS --> - &underFDL; + &underFDL; + &underGPL; - &underGPL; - - </chapter> + </chapter> </book>
