James, I think you're looking for "filter":
$("#document a").filter(".menu a").dostuff();
I have tried: $("#document a").not(".menu a").dostuff(); $("#document *:not(.menu) a").dostuff(); $("#document a:not(.menu a)").dostuff(); I am at a loss. No doubt there is a really simple way of saying "select all of the elements where none of the parents are the .menu element".