>
> RFC: 
> https://wiki.php.net/rfc/password_hash#the_api_does_not_support_pepper
> 

Thanks, I missed it... 

I strongly disagree with this, the 'pepper' IMHO is a best practice for web
applications. 

I prefer to live with the idea that an attacker may comprise some
database(s) in the 'cloud' but not the physical machine where you can store
the pepper either in a file, share memory etc... 

As far as missing research papers, it's hard to do research on the benefit
of keeping something private. If/when databases do get hacked, it's rarely
released to the public how it happened.

When it comes to web applications, my opinion is odds are greater in SQL
injection / data theft success then gaining physical access to the machine.
#1 SQL Injection: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2010

Sure it's an added layer of security but it's hard to deny the 'pepper'
can't help protect passwords against the #1 risk for php/web applications.


A pepper in UNIX crypt() itself would be obviously useless, the user already
has access to the physical machine (cat /etc/passwd).



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