Hi,
Over the last few weeks we've been working on
several ideas we had for performance
enhancements. We've managed to make some good
progress. Our initial tests show roughly 10%
speed improvement on real world apps. On pure OO
code we're seeing as much as 25% improvement (!)
While this still is a work in progress (and not
production quality code yet) we want to get
feedback sooner rather than later. The diff
(available at http://bit.ly/aDPTmv) applies
cleanly to trunk. We'd be happy for people to try it out and send comments.
What does it contain?
1) Constant operands have been moved from being
embedded within the opcodes into a separate
literal table. In additional to the zval it
contains pre-calculated hash values for string
literals. As result PHP uses less memory and
doesn't have to recalculate hash values for constants at run-time.
2) Lazy HashTable buckets allocation we now
only allocate the buckets array when we actually
insert data into the hash for the first
time. This saves both memory and time as many
hash tables do not have any data in them.
3) Interned strings (see
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning).
Most strings known at compile-time are allocated
in a single copy with some additional information
(pre-calculated hash value, etc.). We try to
make most incarnations of a given string point to
that same single version, allowing us to save
memory, but more importantly - run comparisons by
comparing pointers instead of comparing strings
and avoid redundant hash value calculations.
A couple of notes:
a. Not all of the strings are interned - which
means that if a pointer comparison fails, we
still go through a string comparison; But if it succeeds - it's good enough.
b. We'd need to add support for this in the
bytecode caches. We'd be happy to work with the
various bytecode cache teams to guide how to
implement support so that you do not have to intern on each request.
To get a better feel for what interning actually
does, consider the following examples:
// Lookup for $arr will not calculate a hash
value, and will only require a pointer comparison in most cases
// Lookup for "foo" in $arr will not calculate a
hash value, and will only require a pointer comparison
// The string "foo" will not have to be allocated as a key in the Bucket
// "blah" when assigned doesn't have to be duplicated
$arr[foo] = blah;
$a = b;
if ($a == b) { // pointer comparison only
...
}
Comments welcome!
Zeev
Patch available at: http://bit.ly/aDPTmv
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