AH headers would be an issue.  In theory, they have been deprecated, but they 
are still widely supported.

From: Int-area <int-area-boun...@ietf.org> On Behalf Of waldemar
Sent: Tuesday, March 28, 2023 9:45 AM
To: int-area@ietf.org
Subject: [EXTERNAL] [Int-area] draft-augustyn-intarea-ipref: security

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I'd like to follow up on a question that a gentleman asked me during the
presentation. That exchange got a little out of hand with a discussion
about what is 'scary' but there were valid points.  The gentleman
brought up IPSEC with what sounded to me like a suggestion that maybe
IPREF is trying to provide a similar service to IPSEC except without
security.

First off, I need to make it clear that IPREF does not provide
encryption. IPREF is an add-on to existing network protocols. It
enhances a network protocols addressing capability. It relies on the
underlying protocol for everything else such as routing but also
header/packet integrity checks, etc. It does not lessen any existing
security measures.  If anything it provides some improvement in that it
allows the peers to keep their real local IP addresses unknown. It also
allows to keep local protocol domains unknown. Both are represented by a
reference which is an opaque value allocated solely at the discretion of
the local admins.

IPSEC is orthogonal to IPREF. Missions are different. IPREF with IPv4
and IPv6 carries payload in clear because the respective protocols carry
it in clear. IPSEC is one way to secure it through encryption. There is
no conflict. Another way is TLS, also without a conflict.  I know TLS
and SSH work with IPREF because I tested both. I haven't tried IPSEC.
One possible issue might be address rewriting and its effect on IPSEC.
But IPSEC is known to work over NAT which rewrites addresses similarly
to IPREF.  So there is a good chance it will work with IPREF as well.

There may also be a little bit of layer positioning. Is IPSEC a
different protocol than IPv4 or IPv6?  It is not. Like IPREF, it is an
add-on that enhances both of them. So the question may be if those
add-ons interfere with one another. Since both add-ons have different,
orthogonal missions, I don't see a problem in general terms. In details
it is important to understand how they would work with one another.  One
would think, since IPSEC has no choice but to let addresses go in clear
and be rewritten, then references being a representation of addresses
should also go in clear and be allowed to be rewritten, in particular
added/dropped.

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