Very interesting indeed, Jacob and Martin.
If you find any reference (articles, books) on the subject, please keep me
informed.

Best regards,

Jean Michel Delire (University of Brussels)

Le mer. 18 mars 2026 à 23:28, jacob--- via INDOLOGY <
[email protected]> a écrit :

> Dear friends and colleagues,
>
> I am trying to understand the origin of the symbolic forms (ākāra)
> associated with the navagrahas, but have not had any luck so far. The
> standard forms, as far as I have been able to determine them, are as
> follows:
>
> Sun = circle (vṛtta)
> Moon = crescent (ardhacandra)
> Mars = triangle (trikoṇa)
> Mercury = arrowhead (bāṇa)
> Jupiter = rectangle (dīrghacaturaśra)
> Venus = pentagon (pañcakoṇa)
> Saturn = bow (dhanus)
> Rāhu = winnowing basket (śūrpa)
> Ketu = flag (dhvaja)
>
> I would be grateful for any pointers to primary sources or articles
> discussing these forms.
>
> Best regards,
> Jacob
>
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