On Mon, Nov 9, 2009 at 3:27 PM, Shrinivasan T <[email protected]> wrote:
>  . is CWD and .. is previous directory.
>
".." is the parent directory, not previous.

In Bash, you can use "cd -" to go to the previous directory (i.e., the
one you came from).

> Why are they mentioned in ls?
> why ... and .... are not there?
>
> any specific reason?
>
They are actual directory entries, I guess so you can move up and down
the hierarchy tree.  The only show up in "ls -a" if it bothers you,
you may try "ls -A" ... also check out RUTE (the link I sent earlier),
it's a very good (and thorough) introduction to Linux if you require
one.

"-" is not an entry, the shell is keeping track of that for you.

"..." is not required since that is the same as ../..
Same goes for "...."

I'm not the best person to answer this though, maybe someone else will
have a more coherent answer.

--
Roshan Mathews
http://teamtalk.im
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