Hi!

If some ADMD wants to have their X-headers authenticated (to themselves, they're not of value to others), they can add their own MAC/signature directly to those headers. Or add one "Google-X-Header-Hash: foo" hashing their X- headers. Which will then be hashed in DKIM2 because it doesn't start with X-. This is possible because IIRC there's no prohibition of non-X- extension header fields.

Hannah.

On 5/28/26 20:12, Vittorio wrote:
All,

the current dkim2 specification excludes all X-* headers from the signed header set. I would like to propose a refinement. X-* headers fall into two categories with different security properties. Vendor diagnostic telemetry (X-MS-*, X-GM-* and similar) is legitimately stripped at domain boundaries and should remain excluded. Operational metadata (antispam scores, authenticated user identities, compliance annotations) carries security-relevant information that an attacker can inject or manipulate without invalidating the DKIM2 signature under the current blanket exclusion. The proposed change: replace the blanket X-* exclusion with prefix-based exclusion. Headers matching well-known vendor diagnostic prefixes are excluded. All other X-* headers are included in the signed set. The list of excluded prefixes SHOULD be operator-configurable. This is documented in more detail in Section 7.5.1 of draft-moccia-dkim2-deployment-profile-04 (2026-05-23).

Regards
Vittorio Moccia

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