(Cross-posted to IBM-MAIN, IBMVM, and the IBM assembler list)

I just finished a book, The Impossible Fortress by Jason Rekulak, which I quite 
enjoyed. Part of the plot involves characters writing code on a Commodore 64, 
including some "machine code". It seemed clear from the description that they 
meant what I'd call assembler; some Googling quickly found 
https://project64.c64.org/Software/mlcom.pdf, a guide to such programming for 
the C64 which definitely seems to blur the terms.

I wrote the author, who cheerfully confirmed that yes, they're used 
interchangeably in that world.

Which led me to wonder several things:
1. Which platforms call it assembler and which call it assembly? (And why?)
2. Am I odd in thinking that in our world, "machine code" is the hex that the 
hardware expects, and assembler is the opcodes/mnemonics that we mostly use?
3. What are we "assembling"?

On #1, I suspect that we call it assemblER because that's what ASMXF and H and 
HL call themselves as much as any other reason. 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language says in part "assembly language 
(alternatively assembler language...or symbolic machine code)", which confirms 
that it's blurry but doesn't otherwise clarify. 

It also answers, kinda, #3:

The term "assembler" is generally attributed to Wilkes, Wheeler and Gill in 
their 1951 book The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital 
Computer,... who, however, used the term to mean "a program that assembles 
another program consisting of several sections into a single program".

So perhaps the two a-words aren't even really appropriate! Too late now, of 
course...

What say ye? Does any of this conflict with your usage/thoughts?

...phsiii

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