> I am having difficulty understand how much less secure protected key
> is from the secure key.

I agree with the comments about this.  The real issue is conforming with the 
very strict requirements written in to banking standards such as ANSI, ISO, or 
PCI.  Basically, they do not approve any implementation that is not inside 
secure, tamper-detecting hardware that clears all keys and other secrets 
immediately if anyone attempts to tamper with it.  Obviously, the hardware and 
low-level firmware in the System z processor do not have that kind of secure 
packaging, whereas the Crypto Express cards to have it.  However, the Protected 
Key implementation keeps all keys and other sensitive information completely 
protected from access by any user, application program, O/S code, etc - so it 
is indeed very, very secure.
 
I always recommend Protected Key when it has the required functions and where 
it's being used for something where your auditor won't say "no" - and in those 
cases, you have to use the Crypto Express.  Protected Key is an incredibly fast 
solution that really does have very good security.

Todd Arnold
 

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