I have shot using an APS-C camera and 17mm (on a 17-50mm zoom) using a 
panohead and the pattern I used was (shot in portrait orientation) 10 shots 
at 0 deg pitch, 10 shots at +/-45 deg pitch, + Zenith and Nadir shots. I 
could have reduced it to 8 shots at +/-45 deg I think but it was easier to 
use the same number of shots as the 0 deg pitch row.

It sounds as if you are not taking sufficient shots to cover the entire 
sphere, particularly the top and bottom of the sphere. You shouldn't 
artificially increase the field of view of the zenith (by reducing its 
focal length), but should take more shots to properly cover all directions. 
If you aren't using a panohead to make sure you are rotating around the 
lens entrance pupil, I would strongly suggest getting one to avoid parallax 
problems.

You can mock up a shot pattern by importing a dummy image into Hugin 
(create an image with the correct aspect ratio and manually input the lens 
parameters, focal length and projection type) multiple times and manually 
place them to check the placement to cover the entire sphere (check using 
the panorama preview). I use dummy images of different colours to make it 
easier to see the overlap of the shots.

On Tuesday, 8 March 2022 at 13:34:16 UTC [email protected] wrote:

> Thanks John, Luís, Dkloi.
> The page "Edit the nadir" was the page I was looking for. I can open the 
> panorama.tif and then place a zenith photo anywhere i want.
> @Dkloi, the zenith photo covers the hole when I reduce the focal length 
> enough. But it doesnt look nice so I have to redo this panorama.
> It's a Nikon D7500, Nikon 18-105 zoom at 18 mm (18×1,5=27 mm), shot 
> pattern is 6 horizontal shots with the horizon very high, 6 horizontal 
> shots with the horizon very low, 1×zenith, 1×nadir.
> I have done it before and it worked *just* but this time apparently I've 
> done it not right. To much overlap in the horizontals.
> On Tuesday, March 8, 2022 at 12:57:50 PM UTC+1 dkloi wrote:
>
>> You can manually place the zenith shot. In Expert Mode, under Geometric 
>> Optimisation choose Custom Parameters. This will bring enable the Optimizer 
>> tab. You can then manually enter the desired yaw, pitch, and roll 
>> parameters of the zenith shot.
>>
>> From your example, I'm not sure your lens is wide enough to cover the 
>> zenith. What's the camera, lens, and shot pattern you're using?
>>
>> On Monday, 7 March 2022 at 02:15:49 UTC [email protected] wrote:
>>
>>> Peoples,
>>> I have a nice panorama made of 12 shots; 6 shots horizontaly slightly 
>>> down, 6 shots horizontaly slightly up.
>>> https://i.imgur.com/H3RZtiO.jpg
>>> I have one more shot of the zenith with the same lens. It should fill 
>>> the hole in the panorama. How can I blend that shot in?
>>> I would like to tell Hugin that the shot is vertical, with the same 
>>> lens. Eventually correct the azimuth somewhat and then have Hugin blend it 
>>> in.
>>> Thanks in advance ;)
>>>
>>

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