I have sometimes also the problem getting totally wrong results for yaw, 
pitch and roll. Yes, limits can help from converging to a local minimum 
with wrong parameters. E.g. you may know that the rotation of all images is 
nearly zero or nearly 90 degrees. Then you can force the optimizer to keep 
rotation e.g. in -10 ... 10 degrees or 80 .. 100 degrees.

Since most cameras yield a good estimation of the FOV, I generally don't 
optimize the FOV.

Optimizing FOV is generally a difficult task. If you must for some reason 
optimize the FOV, try setting the initial FOV to a value that is higher 
than the expected value.

Assume the FOVs that the optimizer actually assumes are relatively small. 
If the optimizer makes the FOVs smaller so that it goes to zero, the 
projection of the images onto the unit sphere get smaller - nearly 
linear/proportional with the FOV. And the error also gets smaller with the 
FOV. So the optimizer would estimate FOVs of zero and would set the yaw, 
pitch and roll of all images equal. All control points would be projected 
onto the same point on the unit sphere.
Of course this in not what we want. To prevent the optimizer from 
extimating a FOV of zero, the sum of squares of the errors is artificially 
divided by the square of a factor being proportional to the FOVs. To be 
accurate, this factor is equal to the ratio of the initial AVERAGE FOV of 
the images to the actual AVERAGE FOV of the image, so the error doesn't 
tend to zero if the FOV goes to zero (and all yaw, pitch, roll tend to be 
equal). 

In my version of libpano is probably not a bug in the code. But when I 
compile it now, there seems to be some incompatibilites with SuiteSparse or 
with libraries that SuiteSparse uses.
[email protected] schrieb am Samstag, 19. Februar 2022 um 13:27:14 UTC+1:

> Other than field of view, what parameters are able to produce wrong 
> results that have lower total error than any correct result?
>
> If I understand correctly, that is the major reason for wanting limits.  
> But in case I've misunderstood:
> In many other optimization problems hard limits are used to speed up 
> optimization and/or keep it out of non convergence areas (where derivative 
> based optimization sees a wrong direction and/or the error function might 
> be NaN) even though those bad areas hold no false solutions.  Is that also 
> a significant issue in hugin?
>
> I still think a more stable objective function is a better idea than 
> limits for solving the basic problem.  But for discussing the value limits 
> might have, I'd like to understand what aspect (if any) is general across 
> many parameters, vs. what is specific to field of view.
>
>

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