> On 07/03/2023 6:39 AM -03 Simon Tournier <zimon.touto...@gmail.com> wrote: > > Well, I do not see any difference between pre-trained weights and icons > or sound or good fitted-parameters (e.g., the package > python-scikit-learn has a lot ;-)). As I said elsewhere, I do not see > the difference between pre-trained neural network weights and genomic > references (e.g., the package r-bsgenome-hsapiens-1000genomes-hs37d5).
I feel like, although this might (arguably) not be the case for leela-zero nor Lc0 specifically, for certain machine learning projects, a pretrained network can affect the program’s behavior so deeply that it might be considered a program itself! Such networks usually approximate an arbitrary function. The more complex the model is, the more complex the behavior of this function can be, and thus the closer to being an arbitrary program it is. But this “program” has no source code, it is effectively created in this binary form that is difficult to analyse. In any case, I feel like the issue Ludovic was talking about “user autonomy” is fairly relevant (as I understand it). For icons, images, and other similar kinds of assets, it is easy enough for the user to replace them, or create their own if they want. But for pretrained networks, even if they are under a free license, the user might not be able to easily create their own network that suits their purposes. For example, for an image recognition software, there might be data provided by the maintainers of the program that is able to recognise a specific set of objects in input images, but the user might want to use it to recognise a different kind of object. If it is too costly for the user to train a new network for their purposes (in terms of hardware and time required), the user is effectively entirely bound by the decisions of the maintainers of the software, and they can’t change it to suit their purposes. In that sense, there *might* be room for the maintainers to intentionally and maliciously bind the user to the kinds of data they want to provide. And perhaps even more likely (and even more dangerously), when the data is opaque enough, there is room for the maintainers to bias the networks in obscure ways without telling the user. You can imagine this being used in the context of, say, text generation or translation, for the developers to embed a certain opinion they have into the network in order to bias people towards it. But even when not done maliciously, this can still be limiting to the user if they are unable to easily train their own networks as a replacement.
