In order to correctly place an overlay on the map you need to know three 
things:

1. Upper left corner coordinate 
2. Lower right coordinate
3. Projection of the image.

Projection is less important if the area is small, like in less than 200 
miles on a side. If it's greater than that, then you'll need to take into 
account how the original image was made. If it's a satellite image, the 
slant angle is very important as high slant angles will skew the image quite 
a bit.

The projection that Google uses is called "World Mercator" which 
uses parallel latitude and longitude lines. As the latitude increases, the 
"stretching" of longitude increases to the point where it's impossible to 
depict the world in this projection (about 85 degrees north or south).

You can locate your corners by overlaying your image on the map and moving 
it around until you get a match on Google's map. That's not a trivial thing 
to do but if you don't know the coordinates of the corners, that's about the 
best method.

-John Coryat 

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