Right. That’s why I left the double bar in my example. 

Basically all the time is spent appending to a linked list in 
regexp/syntax.patchlist.append. Which makes sense, because appending to a 
linked list when you only have a head pointer is O(n) in the length of the 
list. So building the whole list that way is O(n^2).

Andy

> On Jun 11, 2020, at 4:47 PM, Kurtis Rader <kra...@skepticism.us> wrote:
> 
> On Thu, Jun 11, 2020 at 2:57 PM 'Axel Wagner' via golang-nuts 
> <golang-nuts@googlegroups.com <mailto:golang-nuts@googlegroups.com>> wrote:
> The Graph is clearly not linear. Another way to see this is to print out the 
> ratio of time taken and i. If the cost is linear, you'd expect that ratio to 
> be constant. When I run this code https://play.golang.org/p/v1JVQkOXnEH 
> <https://play.golang.org/p/v1JVQkOXnEH> on my machine I get...
> 
> The poor scalability of the example provided by Andy is due to the empty 
> alternation. Using "D|" repeated as many times as you desire results in 
> linear time and a constant number of memory allocations to compile the 
> sequence. Changing the segment to "D||"  causes two allocations for every 
> "||" instance. While "D||D" is legal it's also somewhat silly since it 
> matches anything. Inserting a repetition between the two "|" (e.g., "D|d*|"), 
> or a fixed length expression that is a different length (e.g., "D|xy|") 
> results in the same behavior. Putting a fixed length expression between the 
> two "|" that is the same length as the expression on the other side results 
> in linear time even if the expression is a char class; e.g., "D|[xy]|". This 
> doesn't surprise me given the research papers linked to earlier in this 
> thread. Whether the pathological alternation case can be optimized to reduce 
> the number of allocations is an open question.
> 
> -- 
> Kurtis Rader
> Caretaker of the exceptional canines Junior and Hank
> 
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