Into the Woods: Forests and Colonialism in Nineteenth Century Portuguese
IndiaIn: e-Journal of Portuguese History
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Author:
José Miguel Ferreira



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Online Publication Date: 11 Dec 2025

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Abstract

In recent decades, forests have been at the forefront of debates about the
environmental history of European colonialism in the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries. From South Asia to sub-Saharan Africa and Australasia,
historians have studied the emergence of colonial forestry departments that
aimed to survey, manage and exploit forests and their resources. The
Portuguese case has been largely absent from recent analyses of colonial
forestry and, more generally, the environmental history of empires.
However, as this article shows, the Forest Administration of Goa
(Administração das Matas de Goa), established in 1851, preceded many of the
better-known colonial forestry services, and over the following decades the
colonial authorities in this small Portuguese colony on the west coast of
India sought to demarcate state forests, separate forests from agricultural
fields, and regulate local people’s access to resources. By examining the
origins and development of colonial forestry in Portuguese India, this
article argues that Goa is a compelling case study for exploring the
environmental impact of the Portuguese empire.
Resumo

Nas últimas décadas, as florestas têm estado na linha da frente dos debates
em torno da história ambiental do colonialismo nos séculos XIX e XX. Da
Ásia do Sul a África, passando pela Oceânia, a historiografia analisou a
criação de departamentos florestais coloniais que visavam o levantamento, a
gestão e a exploração das florestas e dos seus recursos. O caso português
tem estado largamente ausente destas análises recentes a respeito
silvicultura colonial e, de um modo mais geral, da história ambiental dos
impérios. No entanto, como este artigo procura mostrar, a Administração das
Matas de Goa, criada em 1851, precedeu muitos dos serviços florestais
coloniais mais conhecidos e, nas décadas seguintes, as autoridades
coloniais desta pequena colónia portuguesa na costa ocidental da Índia
procuraram demarcar matas do estado, separar espaços florestais e agrícolas
e regular o acesso das populações locais aos recursos silvícolas. Ao
examinar as origens e o desenvolvimento da silvicultura colonial na Índia
Portuguesa, este artigo argumenta que Goa proporciona um caso de estudo
particularmente estimulante para explorar os impactos ambientais do império
português.
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