On 5/5/22 01:11, Jacob Bachmeyer wrote: > Lars Noodén via Gnupg-users wrote: >> A removable hard drive might be an option, if the storage time >> is less than a decade and there are decent storage conditions >> in regards to chemicals, temperature, humidity, and so on. Flash >> memory seems to lose >> its charge rather quickly, measured in months. > > Write-once optical media is my preferred means of long-term backup for > nontrivial amounts of data, [snip]
The number of years that the keys and the data they apply to will be stored unpowered, offline will influence which storage medium is acceptable for the task. Old CD-R were short-lived garage from my experience, but certain models of recently made CD-R should last a while even under slightly non-optimal storage conditions before they start flipping bits. However, it's hard to know until it's too late. And all bets are off for bad storage condistions. Now that the quality has improved, under optimal storage conditions, they ought to retain data for decades: https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservation-publications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/longevity-recordable-cds-dvds.html https://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rt/NIST_LC_OpticalDiscLongevity.pdf Whether that bit flip hits anything important is another matter, but they do add up over time and with enough of them they will eventually hit something, worse if it hit something compressed. I'm sure BtrFS or OpenZFS might be relevant there. Air pollution, temperature, light, and humidity are some of the factors affecting the lifespan of the physical storage medium. > I have SD cards and USB sticks with data blocks last written > many years ago and still readable. Granted, I have never used > low-end no-name [snip] And by reading them, they have powered up and refreshed the charge. The problem applies to such flash storage devices which have been left unpowered for longer periods of time. Again, it depends a bit on what the planned retention period is for the keys and their data. /Lars _______________________________________________ Gnupg-users mailing list Gnupg-users@gnupg.org https://lists.gnupg.org/mailman/listinfo/gnupg-users
