And I believe Adm. Hopper would have been thinking in terms of signal speed, 
since that is what is relavent in terms on computers.

At Mon, 4 Nov 2024 12:56:17 -0600 William Prescott <w...@theprescotts.com> 
wrote:

> 
> I should have read more carefully before replying. Are you (Michael) 
> responding to the electron speed or the signal speed. The signal travels much 
> faster than an individual electron. The analogy I read was to think of a tube 
> filled with marbles moving through it. A marble drops out of the end much 
> faster than it takes for one marble to traverse the entire tube.
> 
> Will
> 
> On 4 Nov 2024, at 12:09, Stephen M. Butler <kg...@arrl.net> wrote:
> 
> On 11/4/24 08:26, William Prescott wrote:
> > Electrons move very slowly in copper, about 1 cm/sec. The question is the 
> > signal speed in copper, which is about half the speed of light. I got this 
> > from a couple
> I think you are missing a decimal point and a few zeros between said point 
> and the 1.  The velocity factor of wire is between 0.80 - 0.95.  (80-95%)That 
> implies a slowdown of 5-20% -- not the near 100% that would get to 1 cm/sec. 
> Taking the 80% factor and the 11.8" calculated below would give a length 
> around 9" -- which is the length I remember getting when attending a lecture 
> for (then) Capt Grace Hopper.
> > On 4 Nov 2024, at 10:00, Michael or Penny Novack via 
> > gnucash-user<gnucash-user@gnucash.org>  wrote:
> > 
> > On 11/4/2024 10:45 AM, Robert Heller wrote:
> >> The Speed of Light = 299 792 458 m / s
> >> Nano =0^-9
> >> 
> >> 299792458 * 10^-9 )97924580m = 29.9792458000cm = 11.8028526771in
> >> 
> > Excuse me, but that is in a vacuum. Would be slower in some other medium 
> > (like that length of fiber). And while electrons can approach the speed of 
> > light in a vacuum, they move slower in that copper wire.
> > 
> > For example, the reason a prism bends light is that the speed of light in 
> > glass is lower than in air.
> > 
> > Michael D Novack
> > 
> > 
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