2010YOUY01 opened a new pull request, #14823:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/14823

   ## Which issue does this PR close?
   
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   Follow up to https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/14644, this PR fixes 
an unsolved failing case for external sort. It's found by 
https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/12136#issuecomment-2656449956.
   
   ## Rationale for this change
   
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   Recap for major steps for external sort (there are detailed doc in 
datafusion/physical-plan/src/sorts/sort.rs)
   1. Inside each partition, input batches will be buffered until it reaches 
the memory limit.
   2. When OOM is triggered, all buffered batches will be sorted one by one, 
and finally merged into one large sorted run (though physically it's chunked 
into many small batches)
   3. Spill the sorted run to disk. After reading all inputs, read back spilled 
batches and merge into the final result. Since only one batch is needed for 
each spilled sorted run to generate the final result, the memory overhead is 
reduced in this step.
   
   The problem is: if step 2 is done on batches with `StringViewArray` columns, 
the sorted array will only reorder the `view`s (string prefix plus pointer into 
range in the payload buffer, if this element is long), and the underlying 
buffers won't be moved.
   When reading back spilled batches from a single sorted run, it's required to 
read one batch by one batch, otherwise memory pressure won't be reduced. As a 
result, the spill writer has to write all referenced `buffer`s for each batch, 
and many buffers will be written multiple times. The size of the spilled batch 
would explode, and some memory-limited sort query can fail due to this reason.
   
   ## Reproducer
   Under `benchmarks/`, run
   ```
   cargo run --profile release-nonlto --bin dfbench -- sort-tpch  -p 
'/Users/yongting/Code/datafusion/benchmarks/data/tpch_sf10' -o '/tmp/main.json' 
-q 10 --iterations 1 --partitions 4 --memory-limit 5000M --debug
   ```
   ### Main branch result (20GB spilled)
   ```
   SortExec: expr=[l_orderkey@0 ASC NULLS LAST, l_suppkey@1 ASC NULLS LAST, 
l_linenumber@2 ASC NULLS LAST, l_comment@3 ASC NULLS LAST], 
preserve_partitioning=[true], metrics=[output_rows=59986052, 
elapsed_compute=12.965460651s, spill_count=24, spilled_bytes=19472334146, 
spilled_rows=51202072]
   ```
   Q10 iteration 0 took 12839.6 ms and returned 59986052 rows
   Q10 avg time: 12839.60 ms
   ### PR result (12GB spilled)
   ```
   SortExec: expr=[l_orderkey@0 ASC NULLS LAST, l_suppkey@1 ASC NULLS LAST, 
l_linenumber@2 ASC NULLS LAST, l_comment@3 ASC NULLS LAST], 
preserve_partitioning=[true], metrics=[output_rows=59986052, 
elapsed_compute=15.363745389s, spill_count=48, spilled_bytes=12600523712, 
spilled_rows=55216152]
   ```
   Q10 iteration 0 took 9424.3 ms and returned 59986052 rows
   Q10 avg time: 9424.33 ms
   
   ## What changes are included in this PR?
   
   Before spilling, `StringViewArray` columns must be permutated the way 
described above, so this PR reorganize the array to sequential order before 
spilling.
   
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   ## Are these changes tested?
   
   Added one unit regression test. This test fails without the change.
   
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   ## Are there any user-facing changes?
   
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