"git restore --source" (without --staged) could create new files
(i.e. not present in index) on worktree to match the given source. But
the new files are not tracked, so both "git diff" and "git diff
<source>" ignore new files. "git commit -a" will not recreate a commit
exactly as the given source either.

Add --intent-to-add to help track new files in this case, which is the
default on the least surprise principle.

Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclo...@gmail.com>
---
 Documentation/git-restore.txt |  7 ++++
 builtin/checkout.c            | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 t/t2070-restore.sh            | 17 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 102 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/git-restore.txt b/Documentation/git-restore.txt
index d90093f195..43a7f43b2b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-restore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-restore.txt
@@ -93,6 +93,13 @@ in linkgit:git-checkout[1] for details.
        are "merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is
        shown by "merge" style, shows the original contents).
 
+--intent-to-add::
+--no-intent-to-add::
+       When restoring files only on working tree with `--source`,
+       new files are marked as "intent to add" (see
+       linkgit:git-add[1]). This is the default behavior. Use
+       `--no-intent-to-add` to disable it.
+
 --ignore-unmerged::
        When restoring files on the working tree from the index, do
        not abort the operation if there are unmerged entries and
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index f884d27f1f..c519067d3d 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ struct checkout_opts {
        int checkout_worktree;
        const char *ignore_unmerged_opt;
        int ignore_unmerged;
+       int intent_to_add;
 
        const char *new_branch;
        const char *new_branch_force;
@@ -392,6 +393,69 @@ static int checkout_worktree(const struct checkout_opts 
*opts)
        return errs;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Input condition: r->index contains the file list matching worktree.
+ *
+ * r->index is reloaded with $GIT_DIR/index. Files that exist in the
+ * current worktree but not in $GIT_DIR/index are added back as
+ * intent-to-add.
+ */
+static int add_intent_to_add_files(struct repository *r)
+{
+       char **file_list;
+       int pos, worktree_nr, ita_nr = 0;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       worktree_nr = r->index->cache_nr;
+       ALLOC_ARRAY(file_list, worktree_nr);
+       for (pos = 0; pos < worktree_nr; pos++)
+               file_list[pos] = xstrdup(r->index->cache[pos]->name);
+
+       discard_index(r->index);
+       if (repo_read_index(r) < 0) {
+               ret = error(_("index file corrupt"));
+               goto done;
+       }
+
+       for (pos = 0; pos < worktree_nr; ) {
+               const char *worktree = file_list[pos];
+               int index_pos = index_name_pos(r->index, worktree, 
strlen(worktree));
+
+               if (index_pos < 0) {
+                       if (add_file_to_index(r->index, worktree, 
ADD_CACHE_INTENT))
+                               ret = error(_("failed to add %s"), worktree);
+                       else
+                               ita_nr++;
+                       pos++;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Try to speed up the scanning process a bit.
+                *
+                * The assumption here is file_list[] and r->index->cache[]
+                * are 90% the same. We can just skip a big chunk of the same
+                * entries and reduce the number of binary lookups.
+                */
+               pos++;
+               index_pos++;
+               while (pos < worktree_nr && index_pos < r->index->cache_nr &&
+                      !fspathcmp(file_list[pos], 
r->index->cache[index_pos]->name)) {
+                       pos++;
+                       index_pos++;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (!ret)
+               ret = ita_nr;
+
+done:
+       for (pos = 0; pos < worktree_nr; pos++)
+               free(file_list[pos]);
+       free(file_list);
+       return ret;
+}
+
 static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
                          const char *revision)
 {
@@ -531,6 +595,16 @@ static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
        else
                checkout_index = opts->checkout_index;
 
+       if (opts->intent_to_add && opts->from_treeish &&
+           !opts->checkout_index && opts->checkout_worktree) {
+               int ita_nr = add_intent_to_add_files(the_repository);
+
+               if (ita_nr > 0)
+                       checkout_index = 1;
+               if (ita_nr < 0)
+                       errs = -1;
+       }
+
        if (checkout_index) {
                if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
                        die(_("unable to write new index file"));
@@ -1697,6 +1771,7 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
        opts.overlay_mode = -1;
        opts.checkout_index = -2;    /* default on */
        opts.checkout_worktree = -2; /* default on */
+       opts.intent_to_add = 0;
 
        options = parse_options_dup(checkout_options);
        options = add_common_options(&opts, options);
@@ -1758,6 +1833,8 @@ int cmd_restore(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
                           N_("restore the index")),
                OPT_BOOL('W', "worktree", &opts.checkout_worktree,
                           N_("restore the working tree (default)")),
+               OPT_BOOL(0, "intent-to-add", &opts.intent_to_add,
+                        N_("mark new files on working tree as intent-to-add 
(default)")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-unmerged", &opts.ignore_unmerged,
                         N_("ignore unmerged entries")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "overlay", &opts.overlay_mode, N_("use overlay 
mode")),
@@ -1773,6 +1850,7 @@ int cmd_restore(int argc, const char **argv, const char 
*prefix)
        opts.checkout_index = -1;    /* default off */
        opts.checkout_worktree = -2; /* default on */
        opts.ignore_unmerged_opt = "--ignore-unmerged";
+       opts.intent_to_add = 1;
 
        options = parse_options_dup(restore_options);
        options = add_common_options(&opts, options);
diff --git a/t/t2070-restore.sh b/t/t2070-restore.sh
index 2650df1966..acbd80c1cd 100755
--- a/t/t2070-restore.sh
+++ b/t/t2070-restore.sh
@@ -95,4 +95,21 @@ test_expect_success 'restore --ignore-unmerged ignores 
unmerged entries' '
        )
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'restore worktree only adds new files back as 
intent-to-add' '
+       git init ita &&
+       (
+               cd ita &&
+               test_commit one &&
+               test_commit two &&
+               git rm one.t &&
+               git commit -m one-is-gone &&
+               git restore --source one one.t &&
+               git diff --summary >actual &&
+               echo " create mode 100644 one.t" >expected &&
+               test_cmp expected actual &&
+               git diff --cached >empty &&
+               test_must_be_empty empty
+       )
+'
+
 test_done
-- 
2.22.0.rc0.322.g2b0371e29a

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