On Thursday, 25 September 2025 14:41:48 British Summer Time Dr Rainer Woitok 
wrote:
> Michael,
> 
> On Tuesday, 2025-09-23 16:46:48 +0100, you wrote:
> > ...
> > I've never used unetbootin, but if it just burns an ISO file on a USB
> > device, then dd which I use frequently should achieve the same, e.g.:
> > 
> > dd if=my_ISO_file of=/dev/sdc bs=1M conv=fsync status=progress
> > 
> > where /dev/sdc is the USB device.
> 
> Neither partitioning  nor formatting  of the USB stick is required?   So
> the bare minimum (without checksum checking)  would be a two lines Shell
> script running "wget" and "dd"  to update the bootable image on my reco-
> very USB stick?
> 
> Sincerely,
>   Rainer

The ISO image contains its own partitions and fs format(s) as required.  For 
example, this is the Gentoo minimal ISO which I have downloaded and 
transferred onto a 1.00 GB USB stick:

~ # gdisk -l /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sdb: 1953792 sectors, 954.0 MiB
Model: USB DISK Pro    
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): FB0382CF-F338-4593-AC96-98E9954CE3F8
Partition table holds up to 176 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 45
First usable sector is 46, last usable sector is 1953746
Partitions will be aligned on 4-sector boundaries
Total free space is 438937 sectors (214.3 MiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1              64             563   250.0 KiB   0700  Gap0
   2             564            6323   2.8 MiB     EF00  EFI boot partition
   3            6324         1514227   736.3 MiB   AF00  HFSPLUS
   4         1514228         1514827   300.0 KiB   0700  Gap1

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