A rather simple patch, which tries to implement Fortran 2008's C1116 (see also PR for the wording).

While creating the patch, I found a reject-valid issue, which is now tracked as PR fortran/58857.

Build and regtested on x86-64-gnu-linux.
OK for the trunk?

Tobias
2013-10-23  Tobias Burnus  <bur...@net-b.de>

	PR fortran/44350
	* parse.c (parse_spec): Add C1116 constraint
	check for BLOCK DATA.

2013-10-23  Tobias Burnus  <bur...@net-b.de>

	PR fortran/44350
	* gfortran.dg/blockdata_8.f90: New.

diff --git a/gcc/fortran/parse.c b/gcc/fortran/parse.c
index 512babf..e8b9885 100644
--- a/gcc/fortran/parse.c
+++ b/gcc/fortran/parse.c
@@ -2628,6 +2628,33 @@ loop:
 	default:
 	  break;
       }
+  else if (gfc_current_state () == COMP_BLOCK_DATA)
+    /* Fortran 2008, C1116.  */
+    switch (st)
+      {
+        case ST_DATA_DECL:
+	case ST_COMMON:
+	case ST_DATA:
+	case ST_TYPE:
+	case ST_END_BLOCK_DATA:
+	case ST_ATTR_DECL:
+	case ST_EQUIVALENCE:
+	case ST_PARAMETER:
+	case ST_IMPLICIT:
+	case ST_IMPLICIT_NONE:
+	case ST_DERIVED_DECL:
+	case ST_USE:
+	  break;
+
+	case ST_NONE:
+	  break;
+	  
+	default:
+	  gfc_error ("%s statement is not allowed inside of BLOCK DATA at %C",
+		     gfc_ascii_statement (st));
+	  reject_statement ();
+	  break;
+      }
   
   /* If we find a statement that can not be followed by an IMPLICIT statement
      (and thus we can expect to see none any further), type the function result
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/blockdata_8.f90 b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/blockdata_8.f90
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3f9925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/blockdata_8.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+! { dg-do compile }
+!
+! PR fortran/44350
+!
+! Fortran 2008, C1116 only permits a small subset of statements in BLOCK DATA
+!
+! Part of the test case was contributed by Vittorio Zecca
+!
+module m
+end module m
+
+BLOCK DATA valid2
+  use m
+  implicit integer(a-z)
+  intrinsic :: sin
+  common /one/ a, c
+  bind(C) :: /one/
+  dimension c(5)
+  parameter (g = 7)
+END BLOCK DATA valid2
+
+BLOCK DATA valid
+  use m
+  implicit none
+  type t
+    sequence
+  end type t
+  type(t), save :: x
+  integer  :: y
+  real :: q
+  save :: y
+  dimension :: q(5)
+!  class(*) :: zz ! See PR fortran/58857
+!  pointer :: zz
+  target :: q
+  volatile y
+  asynchronous q
+END BLOCK DATA valid
+
+block data invalid
+      common x
+      f(x)=x ! { dg-error "STATEMENT FUNCTION statement is not allowed inside of BLOCK DATA" }
+      interface ! { dg-error "INTERFACE statement is not allowed inside of BLOCK DATA" }
+      end interface
+1     format() ! { dg-error "FORMAT statement is not allowed inside of BLOCK DATA" }
+end block invalid ! { dg-error "Expecting END BLOCK DATA statement" }
+
+! { dg-error "Unexpected end of file" "" { target "*-*-*" } 0 }

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