Here's a final version.  I've used !compare_step.is_negative ().
Moreover, sanity checked by printing out old and new probability
and comparing them after check-gcc.  So this should be prety safe now.
I will apply the patch shortly.

2013-03-08  Marek Polacek  <pola...@redhat.com>
            Jakub Jelinek  <ja...@redhat.com>

        PR tree-optimization/56478
        * predict.c (is_comparison_with_loop_invariant_p): Change the
        type of loop_step to tree.
        (predict_loops): Adjust.
        (predict_iv_comparison): Perform the computations on double_ints.

        * gcc.dg/torture/pr56478.c: New test.

--- gcc/predict.c.mp    2013-03-07 20:01:01.078417558 +0100
+++ gcc/predict.c       2013-03-08 14:42:26.445834030 +0100
@@ -1028,13 +1028,13 @@ static bool
 is_comparison_with_loop_invariant_p (gimple stmt, struct loop *loop,
                                     tree *loop_invariant,
                                     enum tree_code *compare_code,
-                                    int *loop_step,
+                                    tree *loop_step,
                                     tree *loop_iv_base)
 {
   tree op0, op1, bound, base;
   affine_iv iv0, iv1;
   enum tree_code code;
-  int step;
+  tree step;
 
   code = gimple_cond_code (stmt);
   *loop_invariant = NULL;
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ is_comparison_with_loop_invariant_p (gim
       bound = iv0.base;
       base = iv1.base;
       if (host_integerp (iv1.step, 0))
-       step = tree_low_cst (iv1.step, 0);
+       step = iv1.step;
       else
        return false;
     }
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ is_comparison_with_loop_invariant_p (gim
       bound = iv1.base;
       base = iv0.base;
       if (host_integerp (iv0.step, 0))
-       step = tree_low_cst (iv0.step, 0);  
+       step = iv0.step;
       else
        return false;
     }
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ predict_iv_comparison (struct loop *loop
   gimple stmt;
   tree compare_var, compare_base;
   enum tree_code compare_code;
-  int compare_step;
+  tree compare_step_var;
   edge then_edge;
   edge_iterator ei;
 
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ predict_iv_comparison (struct loop *loop
     return;
   if (!is_comparison_with_loop_invariant_p (stmt, loop, &compare_var,
                                            &compare_code,
-                                           &compare_step,
+                                           &compare_step_var,
                                            &compare_base))
     return;
 
@@ -1224,34 +1224,78 @@ predict_iv_comparison (struct loop *loop
       && host_integerp (compare_base, 0))
     {
       int probability;
-      HOST_WIDE_INT compare_count;
-      HOST_WIDE_INT loop_bound = tree_low_cst (loop_bound_var, 0);
-      HOST_WIDE_INT compare_bound = tree_low_cst (compare_var, 0);
-      HOST_WIDE_INT base = tree_low_cst (compare_base, 0);
-      HOST_WIDE_INT loop_count = (loop_bound - base) / compare_step;
+      bool of, overflow = false;
+      double_int mod, compare_count, tem, loop_count;
 
-      if ((compare_step > 0)
+      double_int loop_bound = tree_to_double_int (loop_bound_var);
+      double_int compare_bound = tree_to_double_int (compare_var);
+      double_int base = tree_to_double_int (compare_base);
+      double_int compare_step = tree_to_double_int (compare_step_var);
+
+      /* (loop_bound - base) / compare_step */
+      tem = loop_bound.sub_with_overflow (base, &of);
+      overflow |= of;
+      loop_count = tem.divmod_with_overflow (compare_step,
+                                             0, TRUNC_DIV_EXPR,
+                                             &mod, &of);
+      overflow |= of;
+
+      if ((!compare_step.is_negative ())
           ^ (compare_code == LT_EXPR || compare_code == LE_EXPR))
-       compare_count = (loop_bound - compare_bound) / compare_step;
+       {
+         /* (loop_bound - compare_bound) / compare_step */
+         tem = loop_bound.sub_with_overflow (compare_bound, &of);
+         overflow |= of;
+         compare_count = tem.divmod_with_overflow (compare_step,
+                                                    0, TRUNC_DIV_EXPR,
+                                                    &mod, &of);
+         overflow |= of;
+       }
       else
-       compare_count = (compare_bound - base) / compare_step;
-
+        {
+         /* (compare_bound - base) / compare_step */
+         tem = compare_bound.sub_with_overflow (base, &of);
+         overflow |= of;
+          compare_count = tem.divmod_with_overflow (compare_step,
+                                                    0, TRUNC_DIV_EXPR,
+                                                    &mod, &of);
+         overflow |= of;
+       }
       if (compare_code == LE_EXPR || compare_code == GE_EXPR)
-       compare_count ++;
+       ++compare_count;
       if (loop_bound_code == LE_EXPR || loop_bound_code == GE_EXPR)
-       loop_count ++;
-      if (compare_count < 0)
-       compare_count = 0;
-      if (loop_count < 0)
-       loop_count = 0;
-
-      if (loop_count == 0)
+       ++loop_count;
+      if (compare_count.is_negative ())
+        compare_count = double_int_zero;
+      if (loop_count.is_negative ())
+        loop_count = double_int_zero;
+      if (loop_count.is_zero ())
        probability = 0;
-      else if (compare_count > loop_count)
+      else if (compare_count.scmp (loop_count) == 1)
        probability = REG_BR_PROB_BASE;
       else
-       probability = (double) REG_BR_PROB_BASE * compare_count / loop_count;
-      predict_edge (then_edge, PRED_LOOP_IV_COMPARE, probability);
+        {
+         /* If loop_count is too big, such that REG_BR_PROB_BASE * loop_count
+            could overflow, shift both loop_count and compare_count right
+            a bit so that it doesn't overflow.  Note both counts are known not
+            to be negative at this point.  */
+         int clz_bits = clz_hwi (loop_count.high);
+         gcc_assert (REG_BR_PROB_BASE < 32768);
+         if (clz_bits < 16)
+           {
+             loop_count.arshift (16 - clz_bits, HOST_BITS_PER_DOUBLE_INT);
+             compare_count.arshift (16 - clz_bits, HOST_BITS_PER_DOUBLE_INT);
+           }
+         tem = compare_count.mul_with_sign (double_int::from_shwi
+                                           (REG_BR_PROB_BASE), true, &of);
+         gcc_assert (!of);
+         tem = tem.divmod (loop_count, true, TRUNC_DIV_EXPR, &mod);
+         probability = tem.to_uhwi ();
+       }
+
+      if (!overflow)
+        predict_edge (then_edge, PRED_LOOP_IV_COMPARE, probability);
+
       return;
     }
 
@@ -1402,7 +1446,7 @@ predict_loops (void)
       edge ex;
       struct nb_iter_bound *nb_iter;
       enum tree_code loop_bound_code = ERROR_MARK;
-      int loop_bound_step = 0;
+      tree loop_bound_step = NULL;
       tree loop_bound_var = NULL;
       tree loop_iv_base = NULL;
       gimple stmt = NULL;
@@ -1549,7 +1593,7 @@ predict_loops (void)
          if (loop_bound_var)
            predict_iv_comparison (loop, bb, loop_bound_var, loop_iv_base,
                                   loop_bound_code,
-                                  loop_bound_step);
+                                  tree_low_cst (loop_bound_step, 0));
        }
 
       /* Free basic blocks from get_loop_body.  */
--- gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/torture/pr56478.c.mp   2013-03-08 11:35:55.763742165 
+0100
+++ gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/torture/pr56478.c      2013-03-08 14:41:41.605693921 
+0100
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* PR tree-optimization/56478 */
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+
+int a;
+
+void
+foo ()
+{
+  int b;
+  for (b = 0;; b++)
+    a = 0 < -__LONG_LONG_MAX__ - 1 - b ? : 0;
+}

        Marek

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