libstdc++: partially implement constexpr std::format

This patch partially implements constexpr formatting from P3391R2,
as such it does not define the __cpp_lib_constexpr_format feature-test macro.

This patch mostly adds `_GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR` to functions.

Add `__format::__toupper` function that work in constexpr.
It is not fully general, but `<format>` doesn't need all uppercasing.

Avoid using `_Ptr_sink` in constexpr in `__do_vformat_to`,
since it is a bit non-trivial to get it to work, and it is just an optimization.

Update some formatting tests to test constexpr as well,
and introduce a dedicated smoke test for constexpr formatting.

This patch is missing:
* wide constexpr formatting
* constexpr to_{,w}string
* more constexpr tests

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

        * include/std/format:
        Pepper in _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR, replace memcpy with ranges::copy.
        (__format::__toupper): Define.
        (__format::__do_vformat_to):
        Avoid using _Ptr_sink in constexpr.
        * testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc: New test.
        * testsuite/std/format/debug.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/string.cc: Constexpr testing.
        * testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc: Constexpr testing.

Signed-off-by: Ivan Lazaric <[email protected]>
---
Updates to patch:
Replaced __memcpy with ranges::copy
Simplified __toupper as a switch
if (not) consteval replaced with std::is_constant_evaluated()
Rebased on top of your _M_access patch
Removed the version.{def,h} since this doesn't implement full paper
Cleaned up tests as suggested
Added a constexpr.cc test with c++26 target
Killed Counting_constexpr_sink, just going through _Ptr_sink

Regarding formatting of nullptr:
basic_format_arg(nullptr) will store a `const void*` ,
so `format(nullptr)` will actually go through `formatter<const void*>`.

I've been testing with GLIBCXX_TESTSUITE_STDS=20,23,26,
two tests are failing in 26 now, both are testing compilation errors:
std/format/arguments/args_neg.cc
std/time/format/data_not_present_neg.cc
Haven't yet investigated.


 libstdc++-v3/include/std/format               | 388 +++++++++++-------
 .../testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc         | 126 ++++++
 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc    | 105 +++--
 .../testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc  | 265 +++++++-----
 .../std/format/functions/format_to.cc         |  63 ++-
 .../testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc    |  24 +-
 .../std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc          |  15 +-
 .../testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc  |  45 +-
 .../testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc   |  73 +++-
 .../testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc    |  18 +-
 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc   | 230 +++++++----
 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc    |  78 +++-
 12 files changed, 967 insertions(+), 463 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/format b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/format
index 4f0b0f377c6..b5670d0ec32 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/format
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/format
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ namespace __format
     struct _Runtime_format_string
     {
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       _Runtime_format_string(basic_string_view<_CharT> __s) noexcept
       : _M_str(__s) { }
 
@@ -173,6 +174,7 @@ namespace __format
        basic_format_string(const _Tp& __s);
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       basic_format_string(__format::_Runtime_format_string<_CharT> __s) 
noexcept
       : _M_str(__s._M_str)
       { }
@@ -197,13 +199,13 @@ namespace __format
 
 #if __cpp_lib_format >= 202311L // >= C++26
   [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-  inline __format::_Runtime_format_string<char>
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR __format::_Runtime_format_string<char>
   runtime_format(string_view __fmt) noexcept
   { return __fmt; }
 
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-  inline __format::_Runtime_format_string<wchar_t>
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR __format::_Runtime_format_string<wchar_t>
   runtime_format(wstring_view __fmt) noexcept
   { return __fmt; }
 #endif
@@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ namespace __format
 
   /// @cond undocumented
   [[noreturn]]
-  inline void
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
   __throw_format_error(const char* __what)
   { _GLIBCXX_THROW_OR_ABORT(format_error(__what)); }
 
@@ -249,27 +251,27 @@ namespace __format
   // XXX use named functions for each constexpr error?
 
   [[noreturn]]
-  inline void
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
   __unmatched_left_brace_in_format_string()
   { __throw_format_error("format error: unmatched '{' in format string"); }
 
   [[noreturn]]
-  inline void
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
   __unmatched_right_brace_in_format_string()
   { __throw_format_error("format error: unmatched '}' in format string"); }
 
   [[noreturn]]
-  inline void
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
   __conflicting_indexing_in_format_string()
   { __throw_format_error("format error: conflicting indexing style in format 
string"); }
 
   [[noreturn]]
-  inline void
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
   __invalid_arg_id_in_format_string()
   { __throw_format_error("format error: invalid arg-id in format string"); }
 
   [[noreturn]]
-  inline void
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
   __failed_to_parse_format_spec()
   { __throw_format_error("format error: failed to parse format-spec"); }
 
@@ -517,7 +519,7 @@ namespace __format
   using enum _WidthPrec;
 
   template<typename _Context>
-    size_t
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
     __int_from_arg(const basic_format_arg<_Context>& __arg);
 
   constexpr bool __is_digit(char __c)
@@ -750,7 +752,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Context>
-       size_t
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
        _M_get_width(_Context& __ctx) const
        {
          size_t __width = 0;
@@ -762,7 +764,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Context>
-       size_t
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
        _M_get_precision(_Context& __ctx) const
        {
          size_t __prec = -1;
@@ -775,7 +777,7 @@ namespace __format
     };
 
   template<typename _Int>
-    inline char*
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR char*
     __put_sign(_Int __i, _Sign __sign, char* __dest) noexcept
     {
       if (__i < 0)
@@ -792,7 +794,7 @@ namespace __format
   // Write STR to OUT (and do so efficiently if OUT is a _Sink_iter).
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
     requires output_iterator<_Out, const _CharT&>
-    inline _Out
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __str)
     {
       if constexpr (is_same_v<_Out, _Sink_iter<_CharT>>)
@@ -809,7 +811,7 @@ namespace __format
   // Write STR to OUT with NFILL copies of FILL_CHAR specified by ALIGN.
   // pre: __align != _Align_default
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_padded(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __str,
                   _Align __align, size_t __nfill, char32_t __fill_char)
     {
@@ -883,7 +885,7 @@ namespace __format
   // Write STR to OUT, with alignment and padding as determined by SPEC.
   // pre: __spec._M_align != _Align_default || __align != _Align_default
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_padded_as_spec(basic_string_view<type_identity_t<_CharT>> __str,
                           size_t __estimated_width,
                           basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
@@ -905,7 +907,7 @@ namespace __format
     }
 
    template<typename _CharT>
-     size_t
+     _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
      __truncate(basic_string_view<_CharT>& __s, size_t __prec)
      {
        if constexpr (__unicode::__literal_encoding_is_unicode<_CharT>())
@@ -1049,7 +1051,7 @@ namespace __format
 
   using uint_least32_t = __UINT_LEAST32_TYPE__;
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_escape_seq(_Out __out, uint_least32_t __val,
                       basic_string_view<_CharT> __prefix)
     {
@@ -1079,7 +1081,7 @@ namespace __format
     }
 
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_escape_seqs(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __units)
     {
       using _UChar = make_unsigned_t<_CharT>;
@@ -1090,7 +1092,7 @@ namespace __format
     }
 
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_escaped_char(_Out __out, _CharT __c)
     {
       using _UChar = make_unsigned_t<_CharT>;
@@ -1116,7 +1118,7 @@ namespace __format
     }
 
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_escaped_ascii(_Out __out,
                          basic_string_view<_CharT> __str,
                          _Term_char __term)
@@ -1146,7 +1148,7 @@ namespace __format
     }
 
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_escaped_unicode_part(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT>& __str,
                                 bool& __prev_esc, _Term_char __term)
     {
@@ -1224,7 +1226,7 @@ namespace __format
     }
 
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_escaped_unicode(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __str,
                            _Term_char __term)
     {
@@ -1236,7 +1238,7 @@ namespace __format
     }
 
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Out>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __write_escaped(_Out __out,  basic_string_view<_CharT> __str, _Term_char 
__term)
     {
       __out = __format::__write(__out, _Escapes<_CharT>::_S_term(__term));
@@ -1257,12 +1259,14 @@ namespace __format
   struct _Optional_locale
   {
     [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
     _Optional_locale() : _M_dummy(), _M_hasval(false) { }
 
     _Optional_locale(const locale& __loc) noexcept
     : _M_loc(__loc), _M_hasval(true)
     { }
 
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
     _Optional_locale(const _Optional_locale& __l) noexcept
     : _M_dummy(), _M_hasval(__l._M_hasval)
     {
@@ -1270,6 +1274,7 @@ namespace __format
        std::construct_at(&_M_loc, __l._M_loc);
     }
 
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
     _Optional_locale&
     operator=(const _Optional_locale& __l) noexcept
     {
@@ -1291,6 +1296,7 @@ namespace __format
       return *this;
     }
 
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
     ~_Optional_locale() { if (_M_hasval) _M_loc.~locale(); }
 
     _Optional_locale&
@@ -1317,7 +1323,8 @@ namespace __format
       return _M_loc;
     }
 
-    bool has_value() const noexcept { return _M_hasval; }
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
+    has_value() const noexcept { return _M_hasval; }
 
     union {
       char _M_dummy = '\0';
@@ -1391,7 +1398,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Out>
-       _Out
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
        format(basic_string_view<_CharT> __s,
               basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -1408,7 +1415,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Out>
-       _Out
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
        _M_format_escaped(basic_string_view<_CharT> __s,
                          basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -1433,7 +1440,7 @@ namespace __format
 #if __glibcxx_format_ranges // C++ >= 23 && HOSTED
       template<ranges::input_range _Rg, typename _Out>
        requires same_as<remove_cvref_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Rg>>, _CharT>
-       _Out
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
        _M_format_range(_Rg&& __rg, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) 
const
        {
          using _Range = remove_reference_t<_Rg>;
@@ -1482,6 +1489,25 @@ namespace __format
       _Spec<_CharT> _M_spec{};
     };
 
+  [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+  constexpr char
+  __toupper(char __c)
+  {
+    switch (__c)
+    {
+      case 'a': return 'A';
+      case 'b': return 'B';
+      case 'c': return 'C';
+      case 'd': return 'D';
+      case 'e': return 'E';
+      case 'f': return 'F';
+      case 'i': return 'I';
+      case 'n': return 'N';
+      case 'p': return 'P';
+      default: return __c;
+    }
+  }
+
   template<__char _CharT>
     struct __formatter_int
     {
@@ -1641,6 +1667,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Int, typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(_Int __i, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -1689,11 +1716,7 @@ namespace __format
              __res = to_chars(__start, __end, __u, 16);
              if (_M_spec._M_type == _Pres_X)
                for (auto __p = __start; __p != __res.ptr; ++__p)
-#if __has_builtin(__builtin_toupper)
-                 *__p = __builtin_toupper(*__p);
-#else
-                 *__p = std::toupper(*__p);
-#endif
+                 *__p = __format::__toupper(*__p);
              break;
            default:
              __builtin_unreachable();
@@ -1702,8 +1725,7 @@ namespace __format
          if (_M_spec._M_alt && __base_prefix.size())
            {
              __start -= __base_prefix.size();
-             __builtin_memcpy(__start, __base_prefix.data(),
-                              __base_prefix.size());
+             ranges::copy(__base_prefix, __start);
            }
          __start = __format::__put_sign(__i, _M_spec._M_sign, __start - 1);
 
@@ -1712,6 +1734,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(bool __i, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -1742,6 +1765,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        _M_format_character(_CharT __c,
                            basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
@@ -1773,7 +1797,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Int>
-       static _CharT
+       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _CharT
        _S_to_character(_Int __i)
        {
          using _Traits = __gnu_cxx::__int_traits<_CharT>;
@@ -1794,6 +1818,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        _M_format_int(string_view __narrow_str, size_t __prefix_len,
                      basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
@@ -2068,6 +2093,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Fp, typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(_Fp __v, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -2197,7 +2223,7 @@ namespace __format
          if (__upper)
            {
              for (char* __p = __start; __p != __res.ptr; ++__p)
-               *__p = std::toupper(*__p);
+               *__p = __format::__toupper(*__p);
            }
 
          bool __have_sign = true;
@@ -2502,10 +2528,15 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(const void* __v, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
-         auto __u = reinterpret_cast<__UINTPTR_TYPE__>(__v);
+         // Treating nullptr specially
+         // to enable constexpr formatting of nullptr_t.
+         auto __u = __v
+           ? reinterpret_cast<__UINTPTR_TYPE__>(__v)
+           : (__UINTPTR_TYPE__)0;
          char __buf[2 + sizeof(__v) * 2];
          auto [__ptr, __ec] = std::to_chars(__buf + 2, std::end(__buf),
                                             __u, 16);
@@ -2517,11 +2548,7 @@ namespace __format
            {
              __buf[1] = 'X';
              for (auto __p = __buf + 2; __p != __ptr; ++__p)
-#if __has_builtin(__builtin_toupper)
-               *__p = __builtin_toupper(*__p);
-#else
-               *__p = std::toupper(*__p);
-#endif
+               *__p = __format::__toupper(*__p);
            }
 #endif
 
@@ -2590,6 +2617,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(_CharT __u, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -2628,6 +2656,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>::iterator
        format(char __u, basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -2663,6 +2692,7 @@ namespace __format
 
       template<typename _Out>
        [[__gnu__::__nonnull__]]
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(_CharT* __u, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        { return _M_f.format(__u, __fc); }
@@ -2692,6 +2722,7 @@ namespace __format
 
       template<typename _Out>
        [[__gnu__::__nonnull__]]
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(const _CharT* __u,
               basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
@@ -2722,6 +2753,7 @@ namespace __format
       { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(const _CharT (&__u)[_Nm],
               basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
@@ -2751,6 +2783,7 @@ namespace __format
       { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, char>::iterator
        format(const basic_string<char, _Traits, _Alloc>& __u,
               basic_format_context<_Out, char>& __fc) const
@@ -2783,6 +2816,7 @@ namespace __format
       { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>::iterator
        format(const basic_string<wchar_t, _Traits, _Alloc>& __u,
               basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>& __fc) const
@@ -2816,6 +2850,7 @@ namespace __format
       { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, char>::iterator
        format(basic_string_view<char, _Traits> __u,
               basic_format_context<_Out, char>& __fc) const
@@ -2848,6 +2883,7 @@ namespace __format
       { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>::iterator
        format(basic_string_view<wchar_t, _Traits> __u,
               basic_format_context<_Out, wchar_t>& __fc) const
@@ -2911,6 +2947,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(_Tp __u, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        { return _M_f.format(__u, __fc); }
@@ -3122,6 +3159,7 @@ namespace __format
       { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(const void* __v, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        { return _M_f.format(__v, __fc); }
@@ -3147,6 +3185,7 @@ namespace __format
       { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(void* __v, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        { return _M_f.format(__v, __fc); }
@@ -3172,6 +3211,7 @@ namespace __format
       { return _M_f.parse(__pc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(nullptr_t, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        { return _M_f.format(nullptr, __fc); }
@@ -3316,11 +3356,11 @@ namespace __format
       constexpr _Sink_iter
       operator++(int) { return *this; }
 
-      auto
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
       _M_reserve(size_t __n) const
       { return _M_sink->_M_reserve(__n); }
 
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_discarding() const
       { return _M_sink->_M_discarding(); }
     };
@@ -3352,7 +3392,7 @@ namespace __format
 
       // The portion of the span that has been written to.
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      span<_CharT>
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR span<_CharT>
       _M_used() const noexcept
       { return _M_span.first(_M_next - _M_span.begin()); }
 
@@ -3369,7 +3409,7 @@ namespace __format
       { _M_next = _M_span.begin(); }
 
       // Replace the current output range.
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_reset(span<_CharT> __s, size_t __pos = 0) noexcept
       {
        _M_span = __s;
@@ -3409,11 +3449,14 @@ namespace __format
       struct _Reservation
       {
        // True if the reservation was successful, false otherwise.
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return _M_sink; }
        // A pointer to write directly to the sink.
-       _CharT* get() const noexcept { return _M_sink->_M_next.operator->(); }
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _CharT*
+       get() const noexcept { return _M_sink->_M_next.operator->(); }
        // Add n to the _M_next iterator for the sink.
-       void _M_bump(size_t __n) { _M_sink->_M_bump(__n); }
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
+       _M_bump(size_t __n) { _M_sink->_M_bump(__n); }
        _Sink* _M_sink;
       };
 
@@ -3421,7 +3464,7 @@ namespace __format
       // If anything is written to the reservation then there must be a call
       // to _M_bump(N2) before any call to another member function of *this,
       // where N2 is the number of characters written.
-      virtual _Reservation
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR virtual _Reservation
       _M_reserve(size_t __n)
       {
        if (__n <= _M_unused().size())
@@ -3438,12 +3481,12 @@ namespace __format
 
       // Update the next output position after writing directly to the sink.
       // pre: no calls to _M_write or _M_overflow since _M_reserve.
-      virtual void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR virtual void
       _M_bump(size_t __n)
       { _M_next += __n; }
 
       // Returns true if the _Sink is discarding incoming characters.
-      virtual bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR virtual bool
       _M_discarding() const
       { return false; }
 
@@ -3461,7 +3504,7 @@ namespace __format
   template<typename _CharT>
     class _Fixedbuf_sink final : public _Sink<_CharT>
     {
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_overflow() override
       {
        __glibcxx_assert(false);
@@ -3509,7 +3552,7 @@ namespace __format
       _Seq _M_seq;
     protected:
       // Transfer buffer contents to the sequence, so buffer can be refilled.
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_overflow() override
       {
        auto __s = this->_M_used();
@@ -3528,7 +3571,7 @@ namespace __format
        this->_M_rewind();
       }
 
-      typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
       _M_reserve(size_t __n) override
       {
        // We might already have n characters available in this->_M_unused(),
@@ -3564,7 +3607,7 @@ namespace __format
          return _Sink<_CharT>::_M_reserve(__n);
       }
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_bump(size_t __n) override
       {
        if constexpr (__is_specialization_of<_Seq, basic_string>
@@ -3579,7 +3622,8 @@ namespace __format
          }
       }
 
-      void _M_trim(span<const _CharT> __s)
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
+      _M_trim(span<const _CharT> __s)
        requires __is_specialization_of<_Seq, basic_string>
       {
        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__s.data() == this->_M_buf
@@ -3595,16 +3639,18 @@ namespace __format
       // to _M_buf if it overflows? Or even do that for all unused capacity?
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       _Seq_sink() noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<_Seq>)
       { }
 
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       _Seq_sink(_Seq&& __s) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Seq>)
       : _M_seq(std::move(__s))
       { }
 
       using _Sink<_CharT>::out;
 
-      _Seq
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Seq
       get() &&
       {
        if (this->_M_used().size() != 0)
@@ -3614,7 +3660,7 @@ namespace __format
 
       // A writable span that views everything written to the sink.
       // Will be either a view over _M_seq or the used part of _M_buf.
-      span<_CharT>
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR span<_CharT>
       _M_span()
       {
        auto __s = this->_M_used();
@@ -3627,7 +3673,7 @@ namespace __format
        return __s;
       }
 
-      basic_string_view<_CharT>
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view<_CharT>
       view()
       {
        auto __span = _M_span();
@@ -3652,7 +3698,7 @@ namespace __format
     protected:
       size_t _M_count = 0;
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_overflow() override
       {
        auto __s = this->_M_used();
@@ -3672,7 +3718,7 @@ namespace __format
        _M_count += __s.size();
       }
 
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_discarding() const override
       {
        // format_to_n return total number of characters, that would be written,
@@ -3682,14 +3728,14 @@ namespace __format
 
     public:
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      explicit
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
       _Iter_sink(_OutIter __out, iter_difference_t<_OutIter> __max = -1)
       : _M_out(std::move(__out)), _M_max(__max)
       { }
 
       using _Sink<_CharT>::out;
 
-      format_to_n_result<_OutIter>
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_OutIter>
       _M_finish() &&
       {
        if (this->_M_used().size() != 0)
@@ -3718,7 +3764,7 @@ namespace __format
       _CharT _M_buf[64]; // Write here after outputting _M_max characters.
 
     protected:
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_overflow() override
       {
        if (this->_M_unused().size() != 0)
@@ -3742,7 +3788,7 @@ namespace __format
          }
       }
 
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_discarding() const override
       {
        // format_to_n return total number of characters, that would be written,
@@ -3750,7 +3796,7 @@ namespace __format
        return false;
       }
 
-      typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
       _M_reserve(size_t __n) final
       {
        auto __avail = this->_M_unused();
@@ -3767,7 +3813,7 @@ namespace __format
 
     private:
       template<typename _IterDifference>
-       static size_t
+       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
        _S_trim_max(_IterDifference __max)
        {
          if (__max < 0)
@@ -3780,7 +3826,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_rebuf(_CharT* __ptr, size_t __total, size_t __inuse = 0)
       {
        std::span<_CharT> __span(__ptr, __total);
@@ -3788,7 +3834,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
     public:
-      explicit
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
       _Ptr_sink(_CharT* __ptr, size_t __n = _S_no_limit) noexcept
       : _Sink<_CharT>(_M_buf), _M_max(__n)
       { 
@@ -3813,13 +3859,13 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<contiguous_iterator _OutIter>
-       explicit
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
        _Ptr_sink(_OutIter __out, iter_difference_t<_OutIter> __n = -1)
        : _Ptr_sink(std::to_address(__out), _S_trim_max(__n))
        { }
 
       template<contiguous_iterator _OutIter>
-       format_to_n_result<_OutIter>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_OutIter>
        _M_finish(_OutIter __first) const
        {
          auto __s = this->_M_used();
@@ -3861,12 +3907,12 @@ namespace __format
       size_t _M_printwidth;
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_ignoring() const
       { return _M_printwidth >= _M_maxwidth; }
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_buffering() const
       {
        if (_M_printwidth < _M_padwidth)
@@ -3876,7 +3922,7 @@ namespace __format
        return false;
       }
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_sync_discarding()
       {
        if constexpr (is_same_v<_Out, _Sink_iter<_CharT>>)
@@ -3884,7 +3930,7 @@ namespace __format
            _M_maxwidth = _M_printwidth;
       }
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_flush()
       {
        span<_CharT> __new = this->_M_used();
@@ -3894,7 +3940,7 @@ namespace __format
        this->_M_rewind();
       }
 
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_force_update()
       {
        auto __str = this->view();
@@ -3922,7 +3968,7 @@ namespace __format
        return false;
       }
 
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_update(size_t __new)
       {
        _M_printwidth += __new;
@@ -3932,7 +3978,7 @@ namespace __format
        return true;
       }
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_overflow() override
       {
        // Ignore characters in buffer, and override it.
@@ -3947,11 +3993,11 @@ namespace __format
          _Str_sink<_CharT>::_M_overflow();
       }
 
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_discarding() const override
       { return _M_ignoring(); }
 
-      typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR typename _Sink<_CharT>::_Reservation
       _M_reserve(size_t __n) override
       {
        // Ignore characters in buffer, if any.
@@ -3970,7 +4016,7 @@ namespace __format
        return _Sink<_CharT>::_M_reserve(__n);
       }
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_bump(size_t __n) override
       {
        // Ignore the written characters.
@@ -3985,19 +4031,19 @@ namespace __format
 
     public:
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      explicit
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
       _Padding_sink(_Out __out, size_t __padwidth, size_t __maxwidth)
       : _M_padwidth(__padwidth), _M_maxwidth(__maxwidth),
        _M_out(std::move(__out)), _M_printwidth(0)
       { _M_sync_discarding(); }
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      explicit
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
       _Padding_sink(_Out __out, size_t __padwidth)
       : _Padding_sink(std::move(__out), __padwidth, (size_t)-1)
       { }
 
-      _Out
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
       _M_finish(_Align __align, char32_t __fill_char)
       {
        // Handle any characters in the buffer.
@@ -4036,14 +4082,14 @@ namespace __format
       unsigned _M_prev_escape : 1;
       unsigned _M_out_discards : 1;
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_sync_discarding()
       {
        if constexpr (is_same_v<_Out, _Sink_iter<_CharT>>)
          _M_out_discards = _M_out._M_discarding();
       }
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_write()
       {
        span<_CharT> __bytes = this->_M_used();
@@ -4069,7 +4115,7 @@ namespace __format
        _M_sync_discarding();
       }
 
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       _M_overflow() override
       {
        if (_M_out_discards)
@@ -4078,13 +4124,13 @@ namespace __format
          _M_write();
       }
 
-      bool
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bool
       _M_discarding() const override
       { return _M_out_discards; }
 
     public:
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      explicit
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
       _Escaping_sink(_Out __out, _Term_char __term)
       : _M_out(std::move(__out)), _M_term(__term),
        _M_prev_escape(true), _M_out_discards(false)
@@ -4093,7 +4139,7 @@ namespace __format
        _M_sync_discarding();
       }
 
-      _Out
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
       _M_finish()
       {
        if (_M_out_discards)
@@ -4141,7 +4187,7 @@ namespace __format
                            const _Tp, _Tp>;
 
       template<typename _Tq>
-       static void
+       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
        _S_format(basic_format_parse_context<_CharT>& __parse_ctx,
                  _Context& __format_ctx, const void* __ptr)
        {
@@ -4154,7 +4200,7 @@ namespace __format
 
       template<typename _Tp>
        requires (!is_same_v<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, _Handle>)
-       explicit
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
        _Handle(_Tp& __val) noexcept
        : _M_ptr(__builtin_addressof(__val))
        , _M_func(&_S_format<__maybe_const_t<_Tp>>)
@@ -4169,7 +4215,7 @@ namespace __format
       _Handle& operator=(const _Handle&) = default;
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      void
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
       format(basic_format_parse_context<_CharT>& __pc, _Context& __fc) const
       { _M_func(__pc, __fc, this->_M_ptr); }
 
@@ -4226,10 +4272,12 @@ namespace __format
       };
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       _Arg_value() : _M_none() { }
 
 #if 0
       template<typename _Tp>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        _Arg_value(in_place_type_t<_Tp>, _Tp __val)
        { _S_get<_Tp>() = __val; }
 #endif
@@ -4238,7 +4286,7 @@ namespace __format
       // Value of second argument (if provided), is assigned to that member. 
       template<typename _Tp, typename _Self, typename... _Value>
        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-       static auto&
+       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto&
        _S_access(_Self& __u, _Value... __value) noexcept
        {
          static_assert(sizeof...(_Value) <= 1);
@@ -4302,23 +4350,24 @@ namespace __format
          else if constexpr (is_same_v<_Tp, _Handle<_Context>>)
            return (__u._M_handle = ... = __value);
          // Otherwise, ill-formed.
+         __builtin_unreachable();
        }
 
       template<typename _Tp>
        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-       auto&
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto&
        _M_get() noexcept
        { return _S_access<_Tp>(*this); }
 
       template<typename _Tp>
        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-       const auto&
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR const auto&
        _M_get() const noexcept
        { return _S_access<_Tp>(*this); }
 
       template<typename _Tp>
        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-       void
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
        _M_set(_Tp __v) noexcept
        {
          if constexpr (is_same_v<_Tp, basic_string_view<_CharT>>)
@@ -4335,7 +4384,8 @@ namespace __format
     class _Arg_store;
 
   template<typename _Visitor, typename _Ctx>
-    decltype(auto) __visit_format_arg(_Visitor&&, basic_format_arg<_Ctx>);
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
+    __visit_format_arg(_Visitor&&, basic_format_arg<_Ctx>);
 
   template<typename _Ch, typename _Tp>
     consteval _Arg_t
@@ -4351,20 +4401,21 @@ namespace __format
     public:
       using handle = __format::_Handle<_Context>;
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       basic_format_arg() noexcept : _M_type(__format::_Arg_none) { }
 
       [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      explicit operator bool() const noexcept
+      explicit _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR operator bool() const noexcept
       { return _M_type != __format::_Arg_none; }
 
 #if __cpp_lib_format >= 202306L // >= C++26
       template<typename _Visitor>
-       decltype(auto)
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
        visit(this basic_format_arg __arg, _Visitor&& __vis)
        { return __arg._M_visit_user(std::forward<_Visitor>(__vis), 
__arg._M_type); }
 
       template<typename _Res, typename _Visitor>
-       _Res
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Res
        visit(this basic_format_arg __arg, _Visitor&& __vis)
        { return __arg._M_visit_user(std::forward<_Visitor>(__vis), 
__arg._M_type); }
 #endif
@@ -4541,7 +4592,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Tp>
-       void
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
        _M_set(_Tp __v) noexcept
        {
          _M_type = _S_to_enum<_Tp>();
@@ -4550,7 +4601,7 @@ namespace __format
 
       template<typename _Tp>
        requires __format::__formattable_with<_Tp, _Context>
-       explicit
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR explicit
        basic_format_arg(_Tp& __v) noexcept
        {
          using _Td = _Normalize<_Tp>;
@@ -4564,15 +4615,15 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Ctx, typename... _Argz>
-       friend auto
+       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
        make_format_args(_Argz&...) noexcept;
 
       template<typename _Visitor, typename _Ctx>
-       friend decltype(auto)
+       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
        visit_format_arg(_Visitor&& __vis, basic_format_arg<_Ctx>);
 
       template<typename _Visitor, typename _Ctx>
-       friend decltype(auto)
+       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
        __format::__visit_format_arg(_Visitor&&, basic_format_arg<_Ctx>);
 
       template<typename _Ch, typename _Tp>
@@ -4580,7 +4631,7 @@ namespace __format
        __format::__to_arg_t_enum() noexcept;
 
       template<typename _Visitor>
-       decltype(auto)
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
        _M_visit(_Visitor&& __vis, __format::_Arg_t __type)
        {
          using namespace __format;
@@ -4655,7 +4706,7 @@ namespace __format
        }
 
       template<typename _Visitor>
-       decltype(auto)
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
        _M_visit_user(_Visitor&& __vis, __format::_Arg_t __type)
        {
          return _M_visit([&__vis]<typename _Tp>(_Tp& __val) -> decltype(auto)
@@ -4679,7 +4730,7 @@ namespace __format
 
   template<typename _Visitor, typename _Context>
     _GLIBCXX26_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST("std::basic_format_arg::visit")
-    inline decltype(auto)
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
     visit_format_arg(_Visitor&& __vis, basic_format_arg<_Context> __arg)
     {
       return __arg._M_visit_user(std::forward<_Visitor>(__vis), __arg._M_type);
@@ -4689,7 +4740,7 @@ namespace __format
 namespace __format
 {
   template<typename _Visitor, typename _Ctx>
-    inline decltype(auto)
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR decltype(auto)
     __visit_format_arg(_Visitor&& __vis, basic_format_arg<_Ctx> __arg)
     {
       return __arg._M_visit(std::forward<_Visitor>(__vis), __arg._M_type);
@@ -4698,7 +4749,7 @@ namespace __format
   struct _WidthPrecVisitor
   {
     template<typename _Tp>
-      size_t
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
       operator()(_Tp& __arg) const
       {
        if constexpr (is_same_v<_Tp, monostate>)
@@ -4724,7 +4775,7 @@ namespace __format
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
   template<typename _Context>
-    inline size_t
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
     __int_from_arg(const basic_format_arg<_Context>& __arg)
     { return __format::__visit_format_arg(_WidthPrecVisitor(), __arg); }
 
@@ -4772,11 +4823,11 @@ namespace __format
        const _Format_arg* _M_args;       // Active when _M_packed_size == 0
       };
 
-      size_t
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
       _M_size() const noexcept
       { return _M_packed_size ? _M_packed_size : _M_unpacked_size; }
 
-      typename __format::_Arg_t
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR typename __format::_Arg_t
       _M_type(size_t __i) const noexcept
       {
        uint64_t __t = _M_unpacked_size >> (__i * _S_packed_type_bits);
@@ -4784,7 +4835,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Ctx, typename... _Args>
-       friend auto
+       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
        make_format_args(_Args&...) noexcept;
 
       // An array of _Arg_t enums corresponding to _Args...
@@ -4795,10 +4846,11 @@ namespace __format
 
     public:
       template<typename... _Args>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        basic_format_args(const _Store<_Args...>& __store) noexcept;
 
       [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      basic_format_arg<_Context>
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<_Context>
       get(size_t __i) const noexcept
       {
        basic_format_arg<_Context> __arg;
@@ -4820,7 +4872,7 @@ namespace __format
       -> basic_format_args<_Context>;
 
   template<typename _Context, typename... _Args>
-    auto
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
     make_format_args(_Args&... __fmt_args) noexcept;
 
   // An array of type-erased formatting arguments.
@@ -4830,7 +4882,7 @@ namespace __format
       friend std::basic_format_args<_Context>;
 
       template<typename _Ctx, typename... _Argz>
-       friend auto std::
+       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto std::
 #if _GLIBCXX_INLINE_VERSION
        __8:: // Needed for PR c++/59256
 #endif
@@ -4849,7 +4901,7 @@ namespace __format
       _Element_t _M_args[sizeof...(_Args)];
 
       template<typename _Tp>
-       static _Element_t
+       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Element_t
        _S_make_elt(_Tp& __v)
        {
          using _Tq = remove_const_t<_Tp>;
@@ -4875,6 +4927,7 @@ namespace __format
       template<typename... _Tp>
        requires (sizeof...(_Tp) == sizeof...(_Args))
        [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        _Arg_store(_Tp&... __a) noexcept
        : _M_args{_S_make_elt(__a)...}
        { }
@@ -4886,7 +4939,7 @@ namespace __format
 
   template<typename _Context>
     template<typename... _Args>
-      inline
+      inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       basic_format_args<_Context>::
       basic_format_args(const _Store<_Args...>& __store) noexcept
       {
@@ -4920,7 +4973,7 @@ namespace __format
   /// Capture formatting arguments for use by `std::vformat`.
   template<typename _Context = format_context, typename... _Args>
     [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-    inline auto
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
     make_format_args(_Args&... __fmt_args) noexcept
     {
       using _Fmt_arg = basic_format_arg<_Context>;
@@ -4933,7 +4986,7 @@ namespace __format
   /// Capture formatting arguments for use by `std::vformat` (for wide output).
   template<typename... _Args>
     [[nodiscard,__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-    inline auto
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
     make_wformat_args(_Args&... __args) noexcept
     { return std::make_format_args<wformat_context>(__args...); }
 #endif
@@ -4942,13 +4995,13 @@ namespace __format
 namespace __format
 {
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT, typename _Context>
-    _Out
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __do_vformat_to(_Out, basic_string_view<_CharT>,
                    const basic_format_args<_Context>&,
                    const locale* = nullptr);
 
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
-    format_to_n_result<_Out>
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_Out>
     __do_vformat_to_n(_Out, iter_difference_t<_Out>,
                      basic_string_view<_CharT>,
                      const type_identity_t<
@@ -4982,11 +5035,13 @@ namespace __format
       _Out _M_out;
       __format::_Optional_locale _M_loc;
 
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       basic_format_context(basic_format_args<basic_format_context> __args,
                           _Out __out)
       : _M_args(__args), _M_out(std::move(__out))
       { }
 
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       basic_format_context(basic_format_args<basic_format_context> __args,
                           _Out __out, const std::locale& __loc)
       : _M_args(__args), _M_out(std::move(__out)), _M_loc(__loc)
@@ -4999,7 +5054,7 @@ namespace __format
       basic_format_context& operator=(const basic_format_context&) = delete;
 
       template<typename _Out2, typename _CharT2, typename _Context2>
-       friend _Out2
+       friend _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out2
        __format::__do_vformat_to(_Out2, basic_string_view<_CharT2>,
                                  const basic_format_args<_Context2>&,
                                  const locale*);
@@ -5015,7 +5070,7 @@ namespace __format
        using formatter_type = formatter<_Tp, _CharT>;
 
       [[nodiscard]]
-      basic_format_arg<basic_format_context>
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<basic_format_context>
       arg(size_t __id) const noexcept
       { return _M_args.get(__id); }
 
@@ -5023,9 +5078,11 @@ namespace __format
       std::locale locale() { return _M_loc.value(); }
 
       [[nodiscard]]
-      iterator out() { return std::move(_M_out); }
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR iterator
+      out() { return std::move(_M_out); }
 
-      void advance_to(iterator __it) { _M_out = std::move(__it); }
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
+      advance_to(iterator __it) { _M_out = std::move(__it); }
     };
 
 
@@ -5164,6 +5221,7 @@ namespace __format
     class _Formatting_scanner : public _Scanner<_CharT>
     {
     public:
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       _Formatting_scanner(basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
                          basic_string_view<_CharT> __str)
       : _Scanner<_CharT>(__str), _M_fc(__fc)
@@ -5271,7 +5329,7 @@ namespace __format
     };
 
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT, typename _Context>
-    inline _Out
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     __do_vformat_to(_Out __out, basic_string_view<_CharT> __fmt,
                    const basic_format_args<_Context>& __args,
                    const locale* __loc)
@@ -5291,7 +5349,7 @@ namespace __format
                      const char* __chars[] = { "false", "true" };
                      if (auto __res = __out._M_reserve(__len))
                        {
-                         __builtin_memcpy(__res.get(), __chars[__arg], __len);
+                         ranges::copy_n(__chars[__arg], __len, __res.get());
                          __res._M_bump(__len);
                          __done = true;
                        }
@@ -5329,7 +5387,7 @@ namespace __format
                      string_view __sv = __arg;
                      if (auto __res = __out._M_reserve(__sv.size()))
                        {
-                         __builtin_memcpy(__res.get(), __sv.data(), 
__sv.size());
+                         ranges::copy(__sv, __res.get());
                          __res._M_bump(__sv.size());
                          __done = true;
                        }
@@ -5347,14 +5405,16 @@ namespace __format
          __scanner._M_scan();
          return __out;
        }
-      else if constexpr (__contiguous_char_iter<_CharT, _Out>)
-       {
-         _Ptr_sink<_CharT> __sink(__out);
-         __format::__do_vformat_to(__sink.out(), __fmt, __args, __loc);
-         return std::move(__sink)._M_finish(__out).out;
-       }
       else
        {
+         if constexpr (__contiguous_char_iter<_CharT, _Out>)
+           if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+             {
+               _Ptr_sink<_CharT> __sink(__out);
+               __format::__do_vformat_to(__sink.out(), __fmt, __args, __loc);
+               return std::move(__sink)._M_finish(__out).out;
+             }
+
          _Iter_sink<_CharT, _Out> __sink(std::move(__out));
          __format::__do_vformat_to(__sink.out(), __fmt, __args, __loc);
          return std::move(__sink)._M_finish().out;
@@ -5362,7 +5422,7 @@ namespace __format
     }
 
   template<typename _Out, typename _CharT>
-    format_to_n_result<_Out>
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_Out>
     __do_vformat_to_n(_Out __out, iter_difference_t<_Out> __n,
                      basic_string_view<_CharT> __fmt,
                      const type_identity_t<
@@ -5402,7 +5462,11 @@ namespace __format
        if constexpr (sizeof...(_Ts) != 0)
          {
            using _Parse_ctx = __format::_Scanner<_CharT>::_Parse_context;
-           auto __arg = static_cast<_Parse_ctx*>(this)->_M_types[__id];
+           auto* __args = static_cast<_Parse_ctx*>(this)->_M_types;
+           // formatting scanner
+           if (!__args)
+             return;
+           auto __arg = __args[__id];
            __format::_Arg_t __types[] = {
              __format::__to_arg_t_enum<_CharT, _Ts>()...
            };
@@ -5432,14 +5496,14 @@ namespace __format
 
   template<typename _Out> requires output_iterator<_Out, const char&>
     [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-    inline _Out
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     vformat_to(_Out __out, string_view __fmt, format_args __args)
     { return __format::__do_vformat_to(std::move(__out), __fmt, __args); }
 
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   template<typename _Out> requires output_iterator<_Out, const wchar_t&>
     [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-    inline _Out
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     vformat_to(_Out __out, wstring_view __fmt, wformat_args __args)
     { return __format::__do_vformat_to(std::move(__out), __fmt, __args); }
 #endif
@@ -5465,7 +5529,7 @@ namespace __format
 #endif
 
   [[nodiscard]]
-  inline string
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR string
   vformat(string_view __fmt, format_args __args)
   {
     __format::_Str_sink<char> __buf;
@@ -5475,7 +5539,7 @@ namespace __format
 
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   [[nodiscard]]
-  inline wstring
+  inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR wstring
   vformat(wstring_view __fmt, wformat_args __args)
   {
     __format::_Str_sink<wchar_t> __buf;
@@ -5506,14 +5570,14 @@ namespace __format
 
   template<typename... _Args>
     [[nodiscard]]
-    inline string
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR string
     format(format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
     { return std::vformat(__fmt.get(), std::make_format_args(__args...)); }
 
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   template<typename... _Args>
     [[nodiscard]]
-    inline wstring
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR wstring
     format(wformat_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
     { return std::vformat(__fmt.get(), std::make_wformat_args(__args...)); }
 #endif
@@ -5542,7 +5606,7 @@ namespace __format
 
   template<typename _Out, typename... _Args>
     requires output_iterator<_Out, const char&>
-    inline _Out
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     format_to(_Out __out, format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
     {
       return std::vformat_to(std::move(__out), __fmt.get(),
@@ -5552,7 +5616,7 @@ namespace __format
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   template<typename _Out, typename... _Args>
     requires output_iterator<_Out, const wchar_t&>
-    inline _Out
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR _Out
     format_to(_Out __out, wformat_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
     {
       return std::vformat_to(std::move(__out), __fmt.get(),
@@ -5584,7 +5648,7 @@ namespace __format
 
   template<typename _Out, typename... _Args>
     requires output_iterator<_Out, const char&>
-    inline format_to_n_result<_Out>
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_Out>
     format_to_n(_Out __out, iter_difference_t<_Out> __n,
                format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
     {
@@ -5596,7 +5660,7 @@ namespace __format
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   template<typename _Out, typename... _Args>
     requires output_iterator<_Out, const wchar_t&>
-    inline format_to_n_result<_Out>
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR format_to_n_result<_Out>
     format_to_n(_Out __out, iter_difference_t<_Out> __n,
                wformat_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
     {
@@ -5638,10 +5702,11 @@ namespace __format
     class _Counting_sink final : public _Ptr_sink<_CharT>
     {
     public:
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
       _Counting_sink() : _Ptr_sink<_CharT>(nullptr, 0) { }
 
       [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
-      size_t
+      _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
       count() const
       { return this->_M_count + this->_M_used().size(); }
     };
@@ -5676,7 +5741,7 @@ namespace __format
 
   template<typename... _Args>
     [[nodiscard]]
-    inline size_t
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
     formatted_size(format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
     {
       __format::_Counting_sink<char> __buf;
@@ -5688,7 +5753,7 @@ namespace __format
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   template<typename... _Args>
     [[nodiscard]]
-    inline size_t
+    inline _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR size_t
     formatted_size(wformat_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args)
     {
       __format::_Counting_sink<wchar_t> __buf;
@@ -5759,6 +5824,7 @@ namespace __format
 namespace __format
 {
   template<typename _CharT, typename _Out, typename _Callback>
+    _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
     typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
     __format_padded(basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
                    const _Spec<_CharT>& __spec,
@@ -5778,14 +5844,16 @@ namespace __format
 
          struct _Restore_out
          {
+          _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
           _Restore_out(basic_format_context<_Sink_iter<_CharT>, _CharT>& __fc)
           : _M_ctx(std::addressof(__fc)), _M_out(__fc.out())
          { }
 
-         void
+         _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
          _M_disarm()
          { _M_ctx = nullptr; }
 
+         _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
          ~_Restore_out()
          {
            if (_M_ctx)
@@ -5819,7 +5887,7 @@ namespace __format
       }
 
       template<typename _Out>
-       void
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
        _M_format(__maybe_const<_Tp, _CharT>& __elem,
                  basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
                  basic_string_view<_CharT> __sep) const
@@ -5917,12 +5985,14 @@ namespace __format
 
     protected:
       template<typename _Tuple, typename _Out, size_t... _Ids>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        _M_format(_Tuple& __tuple, index_sequence<_Ids...>,
                  basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        { return _M_format_elems(std::get<_Ids>(__tuple)..., __fc); }
 
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        _M_format_elems(__maybe_const<_Tps, _CharT>&... __elems,
                        basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
@@ -5952,7 +6022,7 @@ namespace __format
          }
 
          template<typename _Out>
-           void
+           _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR void
            _M_format(__maybe_const<_Tps, _CharT>&... __elems,
                      basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc,
                      _String_view __sep) const
@@ -5968,7 +6038,7 @@ namespace __format
        };
 
       template<size_t... _Ids>
-       static auto
+       static _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR auto
        _S_create_storage(index_sequence<_Ids...>)
          -> __formatters_storage<_Ids...>;
       using _Formatters
@@ -6004,6 +6074,7 @@ namespace __format
       // We deviate from standard, that declares this as template accepting
       // unconstrained FormatContext type, which seems unimplementable.
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(__maybe_const_pair& __p,
               basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
@@ -6031,6 +6102,7 @@ namespace __format
       // We deviate from standard, that declares this as template accepting
       // unconstrained FormatContext type, which seems unimplementable.
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(__maybe_const_tuple& __t,
               basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
@@ -6194,6 +6266,7 @@ namespace __format
       template<ranges::input_range _Rg, typename _Out>
        requires formattable<ranges::range_reference_t<_Rg>, _CharT> &&
                 same_as<remove_cvref_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Rg>>, _Tp>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(_Rg&& __rg, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -6206,6 +6279,7 @@ namespace __format
 
     private:
       template<ranges::input_range _Rg, typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        _M_format(_Rg& __rg, basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
        {
@@ -6223,6 +6297,7 @@ namespace __format
 
 
       template<ranges::input_range _Rg, typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        _M_format_elems(_Rg& __rg,
                        basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
@@ -6322,6 +6397,7 @@ namespace __format
       // We deviate from standard, that declares this as template accepting
       // unconstrained FormatContext type, which seems unimplementable.
       template<typename _Out>
+       _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR
        typename basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>::iterator
        format(__format::__maybe_const_range<_Rg, _CharT>& __rg,
               basic_format_context<_Out, _CharT>& __fc) const
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..675641cdbcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/constexpr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// { dg-do compile { target c++26 } }
+
+#include <format>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+constexpr void
+test_format()
+{
+  using namespace std;
+  string res;
+
+  res = format("{}", 'c');
+  VERIFY( res == "c" );
+  res = format("{1} {0} {0}", 'a', 'b');
+  VERIFY( res == "b a a" );
+  res = format("{:?}", '\n');
+  VERIFY( res == "'\\n'" );
+  res = format("{:.^10}", "hello");
+  VERIFY( res == "..hello..." );
+  res = format("{:.>{}}", "world", 8);
+  VERIFY( res == "...world" );
+  res = format("{:+#06X}", 0xa);
+  VERIFY( res == "+0X00A" );
+  res = format("{:p}", nullptr);
+  VERIFY( res == "0x0" );
+  res = format("{:07P}", nullptr);
+  VERIFY( res == "0X00000" );
+  res = format("{} {}", true, false);
+  VERIFY( res == "true false" );
+  res = format("{:+#06b}", true);
+  VERIFY( res == "+0b001" );
+  res = format("{} {} {} {}", "abc", +"def", string_view("ghi"), 
string("jkl"));
+  VERIFY( res == "abc def ghi jkl" );
+  res = format("{:?}", "hello\nworld");
+  VERIFY( res == "\"hello\\nworld\"" );
+  res = format("{}", tuple(1, true));
+  VERIFY( res == "(1, true)" );
+  res = format("{:t<12m}", tuple('a', "bc"));
+  VERIFY( res == "'a': \"bc\"ttt" );
+  res = format("{:n}", tuple(nullptr, -1, 1));
+  VERIFY( res == "0x0, -1, 1" );
+  res = format("{}", vector{1, 2, 3, 4});
+  VERIFY( res == "[1, 2, 3, 4]" );
+  res = format("{:?s}", vector{'a', '\n', 'b'});
+  VERIFY( res == "\"a\\nb\"" );
+  res = format("{:n:+}", vector{1, 2, 3});
+  VERIFY( res == "+1, +2, +3" );
+}
+
+constexpr void
+test_format_to()
+{
+  using namespace std;
+  char buf[100];
+  char* out;
+
+  out = format_to(buf, "{:.^5}", "foo");
+  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out) == ".foo." );
+  out = format_to(buf, "{} {}", nullptr, true);
+  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out) == "0x0 true" );
+}
+
+constexpr void
+test_vformat()
+{
+  using namespace std;
+  string res;
+
+  int arg1 = 1;
+  char arg2 = 'a';
+  bool arg3 = true;
+  res = vformat("{} {:?} {}", make_format_args(arg1, arg2, arg3));
+  VERIFY( res == "1 'a' true" );
+}
+
+constexpr void
+test_vformat_to()
+{
+  using namespace std;
+  char buf[100];
+  char* out;
+
+  nullptr_t arg1 = nullptr;
+  string arg2 = "foo";
+  tuple<int, int> arg3{-3, 5};
+  out = vformat_to(buf, "{} {:?} {}", make_format_args(arg1, arg2, arg3));
+  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out) == "0x0 \"foo\" (-3, 5)" );
+}
+
+constexpr void
+test_format_to_n()
+{
+  using namespace std;
+  char buf[100];
+  format_to_n_result<char*> out;
+  int n;
+
+  n = 100;
+  out = format_to_n(buf, n, "{:+} {:?} {}", 1, "\n\n", vector{1, 2, 3});
+  VERIFY( out.size <= n );
+  VERIFY( out.out - buf == out.size );
+  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out.size) == "+1 \"\\n\\n\" [1, 2, 3]" );
+  n = 12;
+  out = format_to_n(buf, n, "{} {} {}", true, nullptr, "long string");
+  VERIFY( out.size > n );
+  VERIFY( out.out - buf == n );
+  VERIFY( string_view(buf, out.out) == "true 0x0 lon" );
+}
+
+constexpr bool
+all_tests()
+{
+  test_format();
+  test_format_to();
+  test_vformat();
+  test_vformat_to();
+  test_format_to_n();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static_assert(all_tests());
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc
index 43e930c579e..c45659d0d69 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/debug.cc
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
-// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fwide-exec-charset=UTF-32LE 
-DUNICODE_ENC" { target le } }
-// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fwide-exec-charset=UTF-32BE 
-DUNICODE_ENC" { target be } }
+// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fwide-exec-charset=UTF-32LE 
-DUNICODE_ENC -fconstexpr-ops-limit=500000000" { target le } }
+// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fwide-exec-charset=UTF-32BE 
-DUNICODE_ENC -fconstexpr-ops-limit=500000000" { target be } }
 // { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
 // { dg-require-effective-target 4byte_wchar_t }
 // { dg-add-options no_pch }
 // { dg-timeout-factor 2 }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <format>
 #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
 
-std::string
+constexpr26 std::string
 fdebug(char t)
 { return std::format("{:?}", t); }
 
@@ -16,7 +22,7 @@ std::wstring
 fdebug(wchar_t t)
 { return std::format(L"{:?}", t); }
 
-std::string
+constexpr26 std::string
 fdebug(std::string_view t)
 { return std::format("{:?}", t); }
 
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@ fdebug(std::wstring_view t)
 #define WIDEN(S) WIDEN_(CharT, S)
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_basic_escapes()
 {
   std::basic_string<CharT> res;
@@ -72,7 +78,7 @@ test_basic_escapes()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_ascii_escapes()
 {
   std::basic_string<CharT> res;
@@ -89,7 +95,7 @@ test_ascii_escapes()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_extended_ascii()
 {
   std::basic_string<CharT> res;
@@ -117,7 +123,7 @@ test_extended_ascii()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_unicode_escapes()
 {
 #if UNICODE_ENC
@@ -166,7 +172,7 @@ test_unicode_escapes()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_grapheme_extend()
 {
 #if UNICODE_ENC
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ test_grapheme_extend()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_replacement_char()
 {
 #if UNICODE_ENC
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ test_replacement_char()
 #endif // UNICODE_ENC
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_ill_formed_utf8_seq()
 {
 #if UNICODE_ENC
@@ -269,7 +275,7 @@ test_ill_formed_utf32()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_fill()
 {
   std::basic_string<CharT> res;
@@ -315,7 +321,7 @@ test_fill()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_prec()
 {
   std::basic_string<CharT> res;
@@ -341,7 +347,8 @@ test_prec()
 #endif // UNICODE_ENC
 }
 
-bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
 {
   if (!v.starts_with('"'))
     return false;
@@ -349,7 +356,8 @@ bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strip_quotes(std::string_view& v)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_quotes(std::string_view& v)
 {
   if (!v.starts_with('"') || !v.ends_with('"'))
     return false;
@@ -358,7 +366,8 @@ bool strip_quotes(std::string_view& v)
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
 {
   size_t pos = v.find_first_not_of(c);
   if (pos == std::string_view::npos)
@@ -369,7 +378,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
   return true;
 }
 
-void test_padding()
+constexpr26 void
+test_padding()
 {
   std::string res;
   std::string_view resv;
@@ -751,8 +761,9 @@ struct std::formatter<DebugWrapper<T>, CharT>
   }
 
   template<typename Out>
-  Out format(DebugWrapper<T> const& t,
-            std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
+  constexpr26 Out
+  format(DebugWrapper<T> const& t,
+        std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
   { return under.format(t.val, fc); }
 
 private:
@@ -760,7 +771,7 @@ private:
 };
 
 template<typename CharT, typename StrT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_formatter_str()
 {
   CharT buf[]{ 'a', 'b', 'c', 0 };
@@ -770,7 +781,7 @@ test_formatter_str()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_formatter_arr()
 {
   std::basic_string<CharT> res;
@@ -786,7 +797,7 @@ test_formatter_arr()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT, typename SrcT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_formatter_char()
 {
   DebugWrapper<SrcT> in{ 'a' };
@@ -795,7 +806,7 @@ test_formatter_char()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_formatters()
 {
   test_formatter_char<CharT, CharT>();
@@ -806,38 +817,60 @@ test_formatters()
   test_formatter_arr<CharT>();
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_formatters_c()
 {
   test_formatters<char>();
-  test_formatters<wchar_t>();
-  test_formatter_char<wchar_t, char>();
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      test_formatters<wchar_t>();
+      test_formatter_char<wchar_t, char>();
+    }
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_all()
 {
   test_basic_escapes<char>();
-  test_basic_escapes<wchar_t>();
   test_ascii_escapes<char>();
-  test_ascii_escapes<wchar_t>();
   test_extended_ascii<char>();
-  test_extended_ascii<wchar_t>();
 
   test_unicode_escapes<char>();
-  test_unicode_escapes<wchar_t>();
   test_grapheme_extend<char>();
-  test_grapheme_extend<wchar_t>();
   test_replacement_char<char>();
-  test_replacement_char<wchar_t>();
   test_ill_formed_utf8_seq();
-  test_ill_formed_utf32();
 
   test_fill<char>();
-  test_fill<wchar_t>();
   test_prec<char>();
-  test_prec<wchar_t>();
+
+  // constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      test_basic_escapes<wchar_t>();
+      test_ascii_escapes<wchar_t>();
+      test_extended_ascii<wchar_t>();
+
+      test_unicode_escapes<wchar_t>();
+      test_grapheme_extend<wchar_t>();
+      test_replacement_char<wchar_t>();
+      test_ill_formed_utf32();
+
+      test_fill<wchar_t>();
+      test_prec<wchar_t>();
+    }
 
   test_padding();
 
   test_formatters_c();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_all());
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc
index d342114083e..9d921d59d5f 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format.cc
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@
 // { dg-add-options no_pch }
 // { dg-additional-options "-DUNICODE" { target 4byte_wchar_t } }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <format>
 
 #ifndef __cpp_lib_format
@@ -41,7 +47,7 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_no_args()
 {
   std::string s;
@@ -55,6 +61,7 @@ test_no_args()
   VERIFY( s == "128bpm }" );
 }
 
+// not constexpr because of PR124145
 void
 test_unescaped()
 {
@@ -78,7 +85,7 @@ struct brit_punc : std::numpunct<char>
   std::string do_falsename() const override { return "nah bruv"; }
 };
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_std_examples()
 {
   using namespace std;
@@ -125,10 +132,13 @@ test_std_examples()
     VERIFY(s0 == "1,+1,1, 1");
     string s1 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", -1);
     VERIFY(s1 == "-1,-1,-1,-1");
-    string s2 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", inf);
-    VERIFY(s2 == "inf,+inf,inf, inf");
-    string s3 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", nan);
-    VERIFY(s3 == "nan,+nan,nan, nan");
+    if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+      {
+       string s2 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", inf);
+       VERIFY(s2 == "inf,+inf,inf, inf");
+       string s3 = format("{0:},{0:+},{0:-},{0: }", nan);
+       VERIFY(s3 == "nan,+nan,nan, nan");
+      }
   }
 
   // alternate form and zero fill
@@ -143,34 +153,35 @@ test_std_examples()
   }
 
   // integer presentation types
-  {
-    // Change global locale so "{:L}" adds digit separators.
-    std::locale::global(std::locale({}, new brit_punc));
-
-    string s0 = format("{}", 42);
-    VERIFY(s0 == "42");
-    string s1 = format("{0:b} {0:d} {0:o} {0:x}", 42);
-    VERIFY(s1 == "101010 42 52 2a");
-    string s2 = format("{0:#x} {0:#X}", 42);
-    VERIFY(s2 == "0x2a 0X2A");
-    string s3 = format("{:L}", 1234);
-    VERIFY(s3 == "1,234");
-
-    // Test locale's "byte-and-a-half" grouping (Imperial word? tribble?).
-    string s4 = format("{:#Lx}", 0xfffff);
-    VERIFY(s4 == "0xff,fff");
-
-    // Restore
-    std::locale::global(std::locale::classic());
-
-    string s5 = format("{}", -100); // PR libstdc++/114325
-    VERIFY(s5 == "-100");
-    string s6 = format("{:d} {:d}", -123, 999);
-    VERIFY(s6 == "-123 999");
-  }
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      // Change global locale so "{:L}" adds digit separators.
+      std::locale::global(std::locale({}, new brit_punc));
+
+      string s0 = format("{}", 42);
+      VERIFY(s0 == "42");
+      string s1 = format("{0:b} {0:d} {0:o} {0:x}", 42);
+      VERIFY(s1 == "101010 42 52 2a");
+      string s2 = format("{0:#x} {0:#X}", 42);
+      VERIFY(s2 == "0x2a 0X2A");
+      string s3 = format("{:L}", 1234);
+      VERIFY(s3 == "1,234");
+
+      // Test locale's "byte-and-a-half" grouping (Imperial word? tribble?).
+      string s4 = format("{:#Lx}", 0xfffff);
+      VERIFY(s4 == "0xff,fff");
+
+      // Restore
+      std::locale::global(std::locale::classic());
+
+      string s5 = format("{}", -100); // PR libstdc++/114325
+      VERIFY(s5 == "-100");
+      string s6 = format("{:d} {:d}", -123, 999);
+      VERIFY(s6 == "-123 999");
+    }
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_alternate_forms()
 {
   std::string s;
@@ -180,23 +191,26 @@ test_alternate_forms()
   s = std::format("{0:#b} {0:+#B} {0:#o} {0:#x} {0:+#X} {0: #d}", 0);
   VERIFY( s == "0b0 +0B0 0 0x0 +0X0  0" );
 
-  s = std::format("{0:+#012g} {0:+#014g} {0:+#014g}", 1234.0);
-  VERIFY( s == "+00001234.00 +0000001234.00 +0000001234.00" );
-  s = std::format("{0:+#0{1}g} {0:+#0{2}g} {0:+#0{2}g}", 1234.5, 12, 14);
-  VERIFY( s == "+00001234.50 +0000001234.50 +0000001234.50" );
-
-  s = std::format("{:#.2g}", -0.0);
-  VERIFY( s == "-0.0" );
-
-  // PR libstdc++/108046
-  s = std::format("{0:#.0} {0:#.1} {0:#.0g}", 10.0);
-  VERIFY( s == "1.e+01 1.e+01 1.e+01" );
-
-  // PR libstdc++/113512
-  s = std::format("{:#.3g}", 0.025);
-  VERIFY( s == "0.0250" );
-  s = std::format("{:#07.3g}", 0.02);
-  VERIFY( s == "00.0200" );
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      s = std::format("{0:+#012g} {0:+#014g} {0:+#014g}", 1234.0);
+      VERIFY( s == "+00001234.00 +0000001234.00 +0000001234.00" );
+      s = std::format("{0:+#0{1}g} {0:+#0{2}g} {0:+#0{2}g}", 1234.5, 12, 14);
+      VERIFY( s == "+00001234.50 +0000001234.50 +0000001234.50" );
+
+      s = std::format("{:#.2g}", -0.0);
+      VERIFY( s == "-0.0" );
+
+      // PR libstdc++/108046
+      s = std::format("{0:#.0} {0:#.1} {0:#.0g}", 10.0);
+      VERIFY( s == "1.e+01 1.e+01 1.e+01" );
+
+      // PR libstdc++/113512
+      s = std::format("{:#.3g}", 0.025);
+      VERIFY( s == "0.0250" );
+      s = std::format("{:#07.3g}", 0.02);
+      VERIFY( s == "00.0200" );
+    }
 }
 
 void
@@ -275,7 +289,7 @@ test_locale()
   std::locale::global(cloc);
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_width()
 {
   std::string s;
@@ -294,30 +308,34 @@ test_width()
   s = std::format("DR {0:{1}}: allow width {1} from arg-id", 3721, 0);
   VERIFY( s == "DR 3721: allow width 0 from arg-id" );
 
-  try {
-    s = std::format("Negative width is an error: {0:{1}}", 123, -1);
-    VERIFY(false);
-  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
-  }
-
-  try {
-    bool no = false, yes = true;
-    auto args = std::make_format_args(no, yes);
-    s = std::vformat("DR 3720: restrict type of width arg-id {0:{1}}", args);
-    VERIFY(false);
-  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
-  }
-
-  try {
-    char wat = '?', bang = '!';
-    auto args = std::make_format_args(wat, bang);
-    s = std::vformat("DR 3720: restrict type of width arg-id {0:{1}}", args);
-    VERIFY(false);
-  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
-  }
+  // not constexpr because of PR124145
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      try {
+       s = std::format("Negative width is an error: {0:{1}}", 123, -1);
+       VERIFY(false);
+      } catch (const std::format_error&) {
+      }
+
+      try {
+       bool no = false, yes = true;
+       auto args = std::make_format_args(no, yes);
+       s = std::vformat("DR 3720: restrict type of width arg-id {0:{1}}", 
args);
+       VERIFY(false);
+      } catch (const std::format_error&) {
+      }
+
+      try {
+       char wat = '?', bang = '!';
+       auto args = std::make_format_args(wat, bang);
+       s = std::vformat("DR 3720: restrict type of width arg-id {0:{1}}", 
args);
+       VERIFY(false);
+      } catch (const std::format_error&) {
+      }
+    }
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_char()
 {
   std::string s;
@@ -347,6 +365,7 @@ test_char()
   VERIFY( s == "11110000 11110000 240 360 f0 F0" );
 }
 
+// constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
 void
 test_wchar()
 {
@@ -395,7 +414,7 @@ test_wchar()
   VERIFY( ws == L"0.5" );
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_minmax()
 {
   auto check = []<typename T, typename U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>>(T, U = 0) {
@@ -422,7 +441,7 @@ test_minmax()
 #endif
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_p1652r1() // printf corner cases in std::format
 {
   std::string s;
@@ -436,27 +455,33 @@ test_p1652r1() // printf corner cases in std::format
   s = std::format("{:c}", c);
   VERIFY( s == "A" );
 
-  // Problem 3: "-000nan" is not a floating point value
-  double nan = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
-  try {
-    s = std::vformat("{:0=6}", std::make_format_args(nan));
-    VERIFY( false );
-  } catch (const std::format_error&) {
-  }
-
-  s = std::format("{:06}", nan);
-  VERIFY( s == "   nan" );
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      // Problem 3: "-000nan" is not a floating point value
+      double nan = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+      try {
+       s = std::vformat("{:0=6}", std::make_format_args(nan));
+       VERIFY( false );
+      } catch (const std::format_error&) {
+      }
+  
+      s = std::format("{:06}", nan);
+      VERIFY( s == "   nan" );
+    }
 
   // Problem 4: bool needs a type format specifier
   s = std::format("{:s}", true);
   VERIFY( s == "true" );
 
-  // Problem 5: double does not roundtrip float
-  s = std::format("{}", 3.31f);
-  VERIFY( s == "3.31" );
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      // Problem 5: double does not roundtrip float
+      s = std::format("{}", 3.31f);
+      VERIFY( s == "3.31" );
+    }
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_pointer()
 {
   void* p = nullptr;
@@ -477,28 +502,31 @@ test_pointer()
   s = std::format("{:o<4},{:o>5},{:o^7}", p, pc, nullptr); // fill+align+width
   VERIFY( s == "0x0o,oo0x0,oo0x0oo" );
 
-  pc = p = &s;
-  str_int = std::format("{:#x}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
-  s = std::format("{} {} {}", p, pc, nullptr);
-  VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int + " 0x0") );
-  str_int = std::format("{:#20x}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
-  s = std::format("{:20} {:20p}", p, pc);
-  VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      pc = p = &s;
+      str_int = std::format("{:#x}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
+      s = std::format("{} {} {}", p, pc, nullptr);
+      VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int + " 0x0") );
+      str_int = std::format("{:#20x}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
+      s = std::format("{:20} {:20p}", p, pc);
+      VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
 
 #if __cpp_lib_format >= 202304L
-  // P2510R3 Formatting pointers
-  s = std::format("{:06} {:07P} {:08p}", (void*)0, (const void*)0, nullptr);
-  VERIFY( s == "0x0000 0X00000 0x000000" );
-  str_int = std::format("{:#016x}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
-  s = std::format("{:016} {:016}", p, pc);
-  VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
-  str_int = std::format("{:#016X}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
-  s = std::format("{:016P} {:016P}", p, pc);
-  VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
+      // P2510R3 Formatting pointers
+      s = std::format("{:06} {:07P} {:08p}", (void*)0, (const void*)0, 
nullptr);
+      VERIFY( s == "0x0000 0X00000 0x000000" );
+      str_int = std::format("{:#016x}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
+      s = std::format("{:016} {:016}", p, pc);
+      VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
+      str_int = std::format("{:#016X}", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(p));
+      s = std::format("{:016P} {:016P}", p, pc);
+      VERIFY( s == (str_int + ' ' + str_int) );
 #endif
+    }
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_bool()
 {
   std::string s;
@@ -519,7 +547,7 @@ test_bool()
   VERIFY( s == "0 0x1 0X0" );
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_unicode()
 {
 #ifdef UNICODE
@@ -579,19 +607,36 @@ test_unicode()
 #endif
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_all()
 {
   test_no_args();
-  test_unescaped();
   test_std_examples();
   test_alternate_forms();
-  test_locale();
   test_width();
   test_char();
-  test_wchar();
   test_minmax();
   test_p1652r1();
   test_pointer();
   test_bool();
   test_unicode();
+
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      test_unescaped();
+      test_infnan();
+      test_locale();
+      test_wchar();
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_all());
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc
index 94e6262bc66..ae6ffb3a562 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/format_to.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 // { dg-do run { target c++20 } }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <format>
 #include <locale>
 #include <vector>
@@ -11,17 +17,20 @@ struct punct : std::numpunct<char>
   std::string do_grouping() const override { return "\2"; }
 };
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test()
 {
   char buf[32] = { };
   auto out = std::format_to(buf, "test");
   VERIFY( out == buf+4 );
 
-  std::locale loc({}, new punct);
-  auto out2 = std::format_to(buf, loc, "{:Ld}", 12345);
-  VERIFY( out2 == buf+7 );
-  VERIFY( std::string_view(buf, out2 - buf) == "1,23,45" );
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      std::locale loc({}, new punct);
+      auto out2 = std::format_to(buf, loc, "{:Ld}", 12345);
+      VERIFY( out2 == buf+7 );
+      VERIFY( std::string_view(buf, out2 - buf) == "1,23,45" );
+    }
 }
 
 struct wpunct : std::numpunct<wchar_t>
@@ -29,6 +38,7 @@ struct wpunct : std::numpunct<wchar_t>
   std::string do_grouping() const override { return "\2"; }
 };
 
+// constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
 void
 test_wchar()
 {
@@ -50,20 +60,20 @@ struct move_only_iterator
   using difference_type = iterator::difference_type;
   using iterator_category = std::output_iterator_tag;
 
-  move_only_iterator(iterator b) : base_(b) { }
+  constexpr move_only_iterator(iterator b) : base_(b) { }
   move_only_iterator(move_only_iterator&&) = default;
   move_only_iterator& operator=(move_only_iterator&&) = default;
 
-  move_only_iterator& operator++() { ++base_; return *this; }
-  move_only_iterator operator++(int) { auto tmp = *this; ++base_; return tmp; }
+  constexpr move_only_iterator& operator++() { ++base_; return *this; }
+  constexpr move_only_iterator operator++(int) { auto tmp = *this; ++base_; 
return tmp; }
 
-  decltype(auto) operator*() { return *base_; }
+  constexpr decltype(auto) operator*() { return *base_; }
 
 private:
   iterator base_;
 };
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_move_only()
 {
   std::string str;
@@ -72,14 +82,17 @@ test_move_only()
     = std::format_to(std::move(mo), "for{:.3} that{:c}", "matte", (int)'!');
   VERIFY( str == "format that!" );
 
-  std::vector<wchar_t> vec;
-  move_only_iterator wmo(std::back_inserter(vec));
-  [[maybe_unused]] auto wres
-    = std::format_to(std::move(wmo), L"for{:.3} hat{:c}", L"matte", 
(long)L'!');
-  VERIFY( std::wstring_view(vec.data(), vec.size()) == L"format hat!" );
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      std::vector<wchar_t> vec;
+      move_only_iterator wmo(std::back_inserter(vec));
+      [[maybe_unused]] auto wres
+                        = std::format_to(std::move(wmo), L"for{:.3} hat{:c}", 
L"matte", (long)L'!');
+      VERIFY( std::wstring_view(vec.data(), vec.size()) == L"format hat!" );
+    }
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_pr110917()
 {
   // PR libstdc++/110917
@@ -90,10 +103,24 @@ test_pr110917()
   VERIFY( ! std::memcmp(buf, "abc 123", 7) );
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_all()
 {
   test();
-  test_wchar();
   test_move_only();
   test_pr110917();
+  
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    test_wchar();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_all());
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc
index 1ece4108d85..24220f632fe 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/functions/size.cc
@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 // { dg-do run { target c++20 } }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <format>
 #include <string>
 #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test()
 {
   auto n = std::formatted_size("");
@@ -44,8 +50,20 @@ test_wchar()
   VERIFY( n == 5 );
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_all()
 {
   test();
-  test_wchar();
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    test_wchar();
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_all());
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc
index 1450fbaebc5..48795440d13 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/format_kind.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 // { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <deque>
 #include <flat_map>
 #include <flat_set>
@@ -64,7 +70,8 @@ struct CustFormat : std::vector<T>
 template<typename T, std::range_format rf>
 constexpr auto std::format_kind<CustFormat<T, rf>> = rf;
 
-void test_override()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_override()
 {
   CustFormat<int, std::range_format::disabled> disabledf;
   static_assert( !std::formattable<decltype(disabledf), char> );
@@ -88,8 +95,14 @@ void test_override()
   VERIFY( std::format("{}", debugf) == R"("abcd")" );
   // Support precision as string do
   VERIFY( std::format("{:.3}", debugf) == R"("ab)" );
+
+  return true;
 }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_override());
+#endif
+
 int main()
 {
   test_override();
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc
index a50c5b1033f..3bd5f37403e 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/formatter.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 // { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <flat_map>
 #include <format>
 #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
@@ -32,7 +38,7 @@ struct std::formatter<MyVector<T, Formatter>, CharT>
   { return _formatter.parse(pc);  }
 
   template<typename Out>
-  typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
+  constexpr26 std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
   format(const MyVector<T, Formatter>& mv,
         std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
   { return _formatter.format(mv, fc); }
@@ -42,7 +48,7 @@ private:
 };
 
 template<typename CharT, template<typename, typename> class Formatter>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_default()
 {
   MyVector<int, Formatter> vec{1, 2, 3};
@@ -94,7 +100,7 @@ test_default()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT, template<typename, typename> class Formatter>
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_override()
 {
   MyVector<CharT, Formatter> vc{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
@@ -115,15 +121,20 @@ test_override()
 }
 
 template<template<typename, typename> class Formatter>
-void test_outputs()
+constexpr26 void
+test_outputs()
 {
   test_default<char, Formatter>();
-  test_default<wchar_t, Formatter>();
   test_override<char, Formatter>();
-  test_override<wchar_t, Formatter>();
+  // constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      test_default<wchar_t, Formatter>();
+      test_override<wchar_t, Formatter>();
+    }
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_nested()
 {
   MyVector<MyVector<int>> v
@@ -152,7 +163,8 @@ struct std::formatter<MyFlatMap, CharT>
   : std::range_formatter<MyFlatMap::reference>
 {};
 
-void test_const_ref_type_mismatch()
+constexpr26 void
+test_const_ref_type_mismatch()
 {
   MyFlatMap m{{1, 11}, {2, 22}};
   std::string res = std::format("{:m}", m);
@@ -163,13 +175,15 @@ template<typename T, typename CharT>
 using VectorFormatter = std::formatter<std::vector<T>, CharT>;
 
 template<template<typename> typename Range>
-void test_nonblocking()
+constexpr26 void
+test_nonblocking()
 {
   static_assert(!std::enable_nonlocking_formatter_optimization<
                  Range<int>>);
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_all()
 {
   test_outputs<std::range_formatter>();
   test_outputs<VectorFormatter>();
@@ -179,4 +193,15 @@ int main()
   test_nonblocking<std::span>();
   test_nonblocking<std::vector>();
   test_nonblocking<MyVector>();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_all());
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc
index 7fb65f9c551..da1fe7e0df7 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/ranges/sequence.cc
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 // { dg-do run { target c++23 } }
-// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8" }
+// { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8 -fconstexpr-ops-limit=5000000000" }
 // { dg-timeout-factor 2 }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <array>
 #include <format>
 #include <list>
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ static_assert(!std::formattable<std::vector<NotFormattable>, 
char>);
 static_assert(!std::formattable<std::span<NotFormattable>, wchar_t>);
 
 template<typename... Args>
-bool
+constexpr26 bool
 is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
 {
   try {
@@ -31,7 +37,7 @@ is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
 }
 
 template<typename... Args>
-bool
+constexpr26 bool
 is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
 {
   try {
@@ -43,7 +49,8 @@ is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
 }
 
 template<typename Rg, typename CharT>
-bool is_range_formatter_spec_for(CharT const* spec, Rg&& rg)
+constexpr26 bool
+is_range_formatter_spec_for(CharT const* spec, Rg&& rg)
 {
   using V = std::remove_cvref_t<std::ranges::range_reference_t<Rg>>;
   std::range_formatter<V, CharT> fmt;
@@ -56,6 +63,7 @@ bool is_range_formatter_spec_for(CharT const* spec, Rg&& rg)
   }
 }
 
+// not constexpr because of PR124145
 void
 test_format_string()
 {
@@ -79,7 +87,8 @@ test_format_string()
 #define WIDEN(S) WIDEN_(CharT, S)
 
 template<typename CharT, typename Range, typename Storage>
-void test_output()
+constexpr26 void
+test_output()
 {
   using Sv = std::basic_string_view<CharT>;
   using T = std::ranges::range_value_t<Range>;
@@ -153,25 +162,32 @@ void test_output()
 }
 
 template<typename Cont>
-void test_output_cont()
+constexpr26 void
+test_output_cont()
 {
   test_output<char, Cont&, Cont>();
-  test_output<wchar_t, Cont const&, Cont>();
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    test_output<wchar_t, Cont const&, Cont>();
 }
 
 template<typename View>
-void test_output_view()
+constexpr26 void
+test_output_view()
 {
   test_output<char, View, int[3]>();
-  test_output<wchar_t, View, int[3]>();
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    test_output<wchar_t, View, int[3]>();
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_outputs()
 {
   using namespace __gnu_test;
   test_output_cont<std::vector<int>>();
-  test_output_cont<std::list<int>>();
+
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    test_output_cont<std::list<int>>();
+
   test_output_cont<std::array<int, 3>>();
 
   test_output_view<std::span<int>>();
@@ -185,7 +201,7 @@ test_outputs()
   test_output_view<test_forward_range<const int>>();
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_nested()
 {
   std::vector<std::vector<int>> v
@@ -201,7 +217,8 @@ test_nested()
   VERIFY( res == "+[01, 02, 11, 12]+" );
 }
 
-bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
 {
   if (!v.starts_with('"'))
     return false;
@@ -209,7 +226,8 @@ bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view expected, bool quoted 
= false)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view expected, bool quoted = 
false)
 {
   if (quoted && !strip_quote(v))
     return false;
@@ -221,7 +239,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view 
expected, bool quoted =
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strip_squares(std::string_view& v)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_squares(std::string_view& v)
 {
   if (!v.starts_with('[') || !v.ends_with(']'))
     return false;
@@ -230,7 +249,8 @@ bool strip_squares(std::string_view& v)
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
 {
   size_t pos = v.find_first_not_of(c);
   if (pos == std::string_view::npos)
@@ -241,7 +261,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
   return true;
 }
 
-void test_padding()
+constexpr26 void
+test_padding()
 {
   std::string res;
   std::string_view resv;
@@ -323,10 +344,24 @@ void test_padding()
   VERIFY( check_elems(resv, false) );
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_all()
 {
-  test_format_string();
   test_outputs();
   test_nested();
   test_padding();
+
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    test_format_string();
+  
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_all());
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc
index f2bfa5b434d..6bb402a4108 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/runtime_format.cc
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <format>
 #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
 
-void
+constexpr void
 test_char()
 {
   std::string fmt = "{}";
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_wchar()
   VERIFY( s == L"0710" );
 }
 
-void
+constexpr void
 test_internal_api()
 {
   // Using _Runtime_format_string directly works even in C++20 mode.
@@ -40,9 +40,19 @@ static_assert( !std::is_constructible_v<std::format_string<>,
 static_assert( !std::is_constructible_v<std::wformat_string<>,
                                        decltype(std::runtime_format(L""))&&> );
 
-int main()
+constexpr bool
+test_all()
 {
   test_char();
-  test_wchar();
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    test_wchar();
   test_internal_api();
+  return true;
+}
+
+static_assert(test_all());
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc
index ee987a15ec3..90222db90aa 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/string.cc
@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 // { dg-do run { target c++20 } }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <format>
 #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
 
 template<typename... Args>
-bool
+constexpr26 bool
 is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
 {
   try {
@@ -16,7 +22,7 @@ is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
 }
 
 template<typename... Args>
-bool
+constexpr26 bool
 is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
 {
   try {
@@ -27,28 +33,37 @@ is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
   }
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_no_args()
 {
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("") );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("chars") );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for(" The Great Escape {{}} ") );
 
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("}") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("}{") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{}") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{{") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{{{{") );
+  // not constexpr because of PR124145
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("}") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("}{") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{}") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{{") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{{{{{") );
+    }
 }
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_indexing()
 {
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{} to {}", "a", "b") );   // automatic indexing
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1} to {0}", "a", "b") ); // manual indexing
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{0} to {}", "a", "b") );  // mixed indexing
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{} to {1}", "a", "b") );  // mixed indexing
+
+  // not constexpr because of PR124145
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{0} to {}", "a", "b") );  // mixed 
indexing
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{} to {1}", "a", "b") );  // mixed 
indexing
+    }
 
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{} {} {}", 1, 2, 3) );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{} {} {}", 1, 2, 3, 4) );
@@ -56,10 +71,14 @@ test_indexing()
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1} {2} {3}", 1, 2, 3, 4) );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{3} {3} {3}", 1, 2, 3, 4) );
 
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{2}", 1, 2) );
+  // not constexpr because of PR124145
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{2}", 1, 2) );
 
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{0} {}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{} {0}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{0} {}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{} {0}", 1) );
+    }
 }
 
 #if __cpp_lib_format_ranges
@@ -68,7 +87,7 @@ constexpr bool escaped_strings_supported = true;
 constexpr bool escaped_strings_supported = false;
 #endif
 
-void
+constexpr26 void
 test_format_spec()
 {
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:}", 1) );
@@ -78,92 +97,114 @@ test_format_spec()
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{0:} {0:c}", 'c') );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{0:p} {0:}", nullptr) );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:d} {:+d}", true, true) );
-  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:0<-#03Ld}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1:0<-#03.4Lf}", 1, 2.3) );
-  VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1:3.3f}", 1, 2.3) );
+
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:0<-#03Ld}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1:0<-#03.4Lf}", 1, 2.3) );
+      VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{1:3.3f}", 1, 2.3) );
+    }
+  
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:#d}", 'c') );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:#d}", true) );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{0:s} {0:?}", "str") == 
escaped_strings_supported );
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{0:} {0:?}", 'c') == escaped_strings_supported 
);
 
-  // Invalid sign options.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+s}", "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", 'c') );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+c}", 'c') );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+p}", nullptr) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", true) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+s}", true) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+?}", "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+?}", 'c') );
-
-  // Invalid alternate forms.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#s}", "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", 'c') );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#c}", 'c') );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", true) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#s}", true) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", nullptr) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#p}", nullptr) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#?}", "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#?}", 'c') );
-
-  // The 0 option is not valid for charT and bool.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:0c}", 'c') );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:0s}", true) );
-
-  // Dynamic width arg must be a standar integer type.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, 1.5) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, true) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, nullptr) );
+  // not constexpr because of PR124145
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      // Invalid sign options.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+s}", "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", 'c') );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+c}", 'c') );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+p}", nullptr) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+}", true) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+s}", true) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+?}", "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:+?}", 'c') );
+
+      // Invalid alternate forms.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#s}", "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", 'c') );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#c}", 'c') );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", true) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#s}", true) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#}", nullptr) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#p}", nullptr) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#?}", "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:#?}", 'c') );
+
+      // The 0 option is not valid for charT and bool.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:0c}", 'c') );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:0s}", true) );
+
+      // Dynamic width arg must be a standar integer type.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, 1.5) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, true) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, nullptr) );
 #ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, static_cast<__int128>(1)) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}d}", 1, static_cast<__int128>(1)) );
 #endif
 
-  // Precision only valid for string and floating-point types.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.3d}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3d}", 1) );
+      // Precision only valid for string and floating-point types.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.3d}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3d}", 1) );
+    }
+
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:3.3s}", "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3s}", 'c') );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3p}", nullptr) );
-
-  // Dynamic precision arg must be a standard integer type.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, 1.5) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, true) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, nullptr) );
+
+  // not constexpr because of PR124145
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3s}", 'c') );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:3.3p}", nullptr) );
+
+      // Dynamic precision arg must be a standard integer type.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, 1.5) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, true) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:.{}f}", 1.0, nullptr) );
 #ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}f}", 1.0, static_cast<unsigned 
__int128>(1)) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:{}f}", 1.0, static_cast<unsigned 
__int128>(1)) );
 #endif
 
-  // Invalid presentation types for integers.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:f}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:s}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:g}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:E}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:D}", 1) );
+      // Invalid presentation types for integers.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:f}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:s}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:g}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:E}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:D}", 1) );
 
-  // Invalid presentation types for floating-point types.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:d}", 1.2) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:b}", 1.2) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:x}", 1.2) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:s}", 1.2) );
+      // Invalid presentation types for floating-point types.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:d}", 1.2) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:b}", 1.2) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:x}", 1.2) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:s}", 1.2) );
 
-  // Invalid presentation types for strings.
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:S}", "str") );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:d}", "str") );
+      // Invalid presentation types for strings.
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:S}", "str") );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:d}", "str") );
+    }
 
   // Maximum integer value supported for widths and precisions is USHRT_MAX.
   VERIFY( is_format_string_for("{:65535}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( is_format_string_for(L"{:65535}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:65536}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for(L"{:65536}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:9999999}", 1) );
-  VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for(L"{:9999999}", 1) );
+
+  // constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    { 
+      VERIFY( is_format_string_for(L"{:65535}", 1) );
+      // PR124145
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:65536}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for(L"{:65536}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for("{:9999999}", 1) );
+      VERIFY( ! is_format_string_for(L"{:9999999}", 1) );
+    }
 }
 
+// not constexpr because of PR124145
 void
 test_pr110862()
 {
@@ -178,6 +219,7 @@ test_pr110862()
   }
 }
 
+// not constexpr because of PR124145
 void
 test_pr110974()
 {
@@ -197,11 +239,27 @@ test_pr110974()
   }
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_all()
 {
   test_no_args();
   test_indexing();
   test_format_spec();
-  test_pr110862();
-  test_pr110974();
+
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      test_pr110862();
+      test_pr110974();
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_all());
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc
index eace82730f0..10e19149935 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/std/format/tuple.cc
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 // { dg-options "-fexec-charset=UTF-8" }
 // { dg-timeout-factor 2 }
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+# define constexpr26 constexpr
+#else
+# define constexpr26
+#endif
+
 #include <format>
 #include <string>
 #include <testsuite_hooks.h>
@@ -15,7 +21,7 @@ static_assert( !std::formattable<std::pair<int, 
NotFormattable>, char> );
 static_assert( !std::formattable<std::tuple<int, NotFormattable, int>, 
wchar_t> );
 
 template<typename... Args>
-bool
+constexpr26 bool
 is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
 {
   try {
@@ -27,7 +33,7 @@ is_format_string_for(const char* str, Args&&... args)
 }
 
 template<typename... Args>
-bool
+constexpr26 bool
 is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
 {
   try {
@@ -41,6 +47,7 @@ is_format_string_for(const wchar_t* str, Args&&... args)
 #define WIDEN_(C, S) ::std::__format::_Widen<C>(S, L##S)
 #define WIDEN(S) WIDEN_(CharT, S)
 
+// not constexpr because of PR124145
 void
 test_format_string()
 {
@@ -123,7 +130,8 @@ void test_multi()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT, typename Tuple>
-void test_empty()
+constexpr26 void
+test_empty()
 {
   std::basic_string<CharT> res;
 
@@ -142,7 +150,8 @@ void test_empty()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT, typename Pair>
-void test_pair()
+constexpr26 void
+test_pair()
 {
   using Ft = std::remove_cvref_t<std::tuple_element_t<0, Pair>>;
   using St = std::remove_cvref_t<std::tuple_element_t<1, Pair>>;
@@ -167,7 +176,8 @@ void test_pair()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT, template<typename, typename> class PairT>
-void test_pair_e()
+constexpr26 void
+test_pair_e()
 {
   test_pair<CharT, PairT<int, std::basic_string<CharT>>>();
   test_pair<CharT, PairT<int, const CharT*>>();
@@ -196,7 +206,7 @@ struct std::formatter<MyPair<Pair>, CharT>
   { return _formatter.parse(pc);  }
 
   template<typename Out>
-  typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
+  constexpr26 typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
   format(const MyPair<Pair>& mp,
         std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
   { return _formatter.format(mp, fc); }
@@ -206,7 +216,8 @@ private:
 };
 
 template<typename CharT, template<typename, typename> class PairT>
-void test_custom()
+constexpr26 void
+test_custom()
 {
   std::basic_string<CharT> res;
   MyPair<PairT<int, const CharT*>> c1(1, WIDEN("abc"));
@@ -228,9 +239,12 @@ void test_custom()
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
-void test_outputs()
+constexpr26 void
+test_outputs()
 {
-  test_multi<CharT>();
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    test_multi<CharT>();
+
   test_empty<CharT, std::tuple<>>();
   test_pair_e<CharT, std::pair>();
   test_pair_e<CharT, std::tuple>();
@@ -238,7 +252,8 @@ void test_outputs()
   test_custom<CharT, std::tuple>();
 }
 
-void test_nested()
+constexpr26 void
+test_nested()
 {
   std::string res;
   std::tuple<std::tuple<>, std::pair<int, std::string>> tt{{}, {1, "abc"}};
@@ -251,7 +266,8 @@ void test_nested()
   VERIFY( res == R"((): (1, "abc"))" );
 }
 
-bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
 {
   if (!v.starts_with('"'))
     return false;
@@ -259,7 +275,8 @@ bool strip_quote(std::string_view& v)
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view expected, bool quoted 
= false)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view expected, bool quoted = 
false)
 {
   if (quoted && !strip_quote(v))
     return false;
@@ -271,7 +288,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, std::string_view 
expected, bool quoted =
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strip_parens(std::string_view& v)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_parens(std::string_view& v)
 {
   if (!v.starts_with('(') || !v.ends_with(')'))
     return false;
@@ -280,7 +298,8 @@ bool strip_parens(std::string_view& v)
   return true;
 }
 
-bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
+constexpr26 bool
+strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
 {
   size_t pos = v.find_first_not_of(c);
   if (pos == std::string_view::npos)
@@ -291,7 +310,8 @@ bool strip_prefix(std::string_view& v, size_t n, char c)
   return true;
 }
 
-void test_padding()
+constexpr26 void
+test_padding()
 {
   std::string res;
   std::string_view resv;
@@ -351,13 +371,14 @@ struct std::formatter<Custom, CharT>
   { return pc.begin();  }
 
   template<typename Out>
-  typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
+  constexpr26 typename std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>::iterator
   format(Custom, const std::basic_format_context<Out, CharT>& fc) const
   { return fc.out(); }
 };
 
 template<template<typename...> typename Tuple>
-void test_nonblocking()
+constexpr26 void
+test_nonblocking()
 {
   static_assert(std::enable_nonlocking_formatter_optimization<
                  Tuple<int, float>>);
@@ -374,14 +395,31 @@ void test_nonblocking()
                  Tuple<Custom&, float&>>);
 }
 
-int main()
+constexpr26 bool
+test_all()
 {
-  test_format_string();
   test_outputs<char>();
-  test_outputs<wchar_t>();
   test_nested();
   test_padding();
 
   test_nonblocking<std::pair>();
   test_nonblocking<std::tuple>();
+
+  if (!std::is_constant_evaluated())
+    {
+      test_format_string();
+      // constexpr wide formatting not yet implemented
+      test_outputs<wchar_t>();
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202400L
+static_assert(test_all());
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+  test_all();
 }
-- 
2.43.0

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