With this change locations that don't have a source file look like this:

  18# __libc_start_call_main at [0x7fd6568f6574]
  19# __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5 at [0x7fd6568f6627]
  20# _start at [0x4006a4]

Instead of:

  18# __libc_start_call_main at :0
  19# __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5 at :0
  20# _start at :0

For a non-empty stacktrace_entry, if the function name returned by
description() is an empty string we now print "<unknown>" for the
function name. For an empty (e.g. default constructed) stacktrace_entry
the entire string representation is now "<unknown>" instead of an empty
string.

Instead of printing "<unknown>" for the function name, we could set that
string in the stacktrace_entry::_Info object, so that description()
returns "<unknown>" and then operator<< wouldn't need to handle an empty
description() string. However, returning an empty string from that
function seems simpler for users to detect, rather than having to parse
"<unknown>".

We could also choose a different string for an empty stacktrace_entry,
maybe "<none>" or "<invalid>", but "<unknown>" seems OK for now.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

        * include/std/stacktrace
        (operator<<(ostream&, const stacktrace_entry&)): Improve output
        when description() or source_file() returns an empty string,
        or the stacktrace_entry is invalid.
        (operator<<(ostream&, const basic_stacktrace<A>&)): Use
        size_type of the correct specialization.
---

v2: Restore fmtflags as pointed out by Nathan. Adjust control flow in
operator<< as suggested by Tomasz.

Tested x86_64-linux.

 libstdc++-v3/include/std/stacktrace | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/stacktrace 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/stacktrace
index b9e260e19f89..28ffda76328f 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/stacktrace
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/stacktrace
@@ -685,11 +685,31 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   {
     string __desc, __file;
     int __line;
-    if (__f._M_get_info(&__desc, &__file, &__line))
+    if (__f._M_get_info(&__desc, &__file, &__line)) [[likely]]
       {
-       __os.width(4);
-       __os << __desc << " at " << __file << ':' << __line;
+       if (__desc.empty()) [[unlikely]]
+         __os << "<unknown>";
+       else
+         __os << __desc;
+       __os << string_view(" at ");
+       if (!__file.empty()) [[likely]]
+         return __os << __file << ':' << __line;
+       // else fall through and write native_handle() as the location.
       }
+
+    if (__f) [[likely]]
+      {
+       struct _Flag_guard
+       {
+         ios_base& _M_ios;
+         ios_base::fmtflags _M_f;
+         ~_Flag_guard() { _M_ios.setf(_M_f); }
+       };
+       _Flag_guard _ = { __os, __os.setf(ios::hex, ios::basefield) };
+       __os << "[0x" << __f.native_handle() << ']';
+      }
+    else
+      __os << "<unknown>";
     return __os;
   }
 
@@ -697,7 +717,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     inline ostream&
     operator<<(ostream& __os, const basic_stacktrace<_Allocator>& __st)
     {
-      for (stacktrace::size_type __i = 0; __i < __st.size(); ++__i)
+      using size_type = typename basic_stacktrace<_Allocator>::size_type;
+      for (size_type __i = 0, __size = __st.size(); __i < __size; ++__i)
        {
          __os.width(4);
          __os << __i << "# " << __st[__i] << '\n';
-- 
2.51.0

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