This implements std::extents from <mdspan> according to N4950 and
contains partial progress towards PR107761.

If an extent changes its type, there's a precondition in the standard,
that the value is representable in the target integer type. This
precondition is not checked at runtime.

The precondition for 'extents::{static_,}extent' is that '__r < rank()'.
For extents<T> this precondition is always violated and results in
calling __builtin_trap. For all other specializations it's checked via
__glibcxx_assert.

        PR libstdc++/107761

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

        * include/std/mdspan (extents): New class.
        * src/c++23/std.cc.in: Add 'using std::extents'.

Signed-off-by: Luc Grosheintz <luc.groshei...@gmail.com>
---
 libstdc++-v3/include/std/mdspan  | 249 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in |   6 +-
 2 files changed, 254 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/mdspan b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/mdspan
index 4094a416d1e..f7a47552485 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/mdspan
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/mdspan
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
 #pragma GCC system_header
 #endif
 
+#include <span>
+#include <array>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <limits>
+
 #define __glibcxx_want_mdspan
 #include <bits/version.h>
 
@@ -41,6 +46,250 @@
 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
 {
 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+  namespace __mdspan
+  {
+    template<typename _IndexType, array _Extents>
+      class _ExtentsStorage
+      {
+      public:
+       static constexpr bool
+       _S_is_dyn(size_t __ext) noexcept
+       { return __ext == dynamic_extent; }
+
+       template<typename _OIndexType>
+         static constexpr _IndexType
+         _S_int_cast(const _OIndexType& __other) noexcept
+         { return _IndexType(__other); }
+
+       static constexpr size_t _S_rank = _Extents.size();
+
+       // For __r in [0, _S_rank], _S_dynamic_index[__r] is the number
+       // of dynamic extents up to (and not including) __r.
+       //
+       // If __r is the index of a dynamic extent, then
+       // _S_dynamic_index[__r] is the index of that extent in
+       // _M_dynamic_extents.
+       static constexpr auto _S_dynamic_index = [] consteval
+       {
+         array<size_t, _S_rank+1> __ret;
+         size_t __dyn = 0;
+         for(size_t __i = 0; __i < _S_rank; ++__i)
+           {
+             __ret[__i] = __dyn;
+             __dyn += _S_is_dyn(_Extents[__i]);
+           }
+         __ret[_S_rank] = __dyn;
+         return __ret;
+       }();
+
+       static constexpr size_t _S_rank_dynamic = _S_dynamic_index[_S_rank];
+
+       // For __r in [0, _S_rank_dynamic), _S_dynamic_index_inv[__r] is the
+       // index of the __r-th dynamic extent in _Extents.
+       static constexpr auto _S_dynamic_index_inv = [] consteval
+       {
+         array<size_t, _S_rank_dynamic> __ret;
+         for (size_t __i = 0, __r = 0; __i < _S_rank; ++__i)
+           if (_S_is_dyn(_Extents[__i]))
+             __ret[__r++] = __i;
+         return __ret;
+       }();
+
+       static constexpr size_t
+       _S_static_extent(size_t __r) noexcept
+       { return _Extents[__r]; }
+
+       constexpr _IndexType
+       _M_extent(size_t __r) const noexcept
+       {
+         auto __se = _Extents[__r];
+         if (__se == dynamic_extent)
+           return _M_dynamic_extents[_S_dynamic_index[__r]];
+         else
+           return __se;
+       }
+
+       template<size_t _OtherRank, typename _GetOtherExtent>
+         constexpr void
+         _M_init_dynamic_extents(_GetOtherExtent __get_extent) noexcept
+         {
+           for(size_t __i = 0; __i < _S_rank_dynamic; ++__i)
+             {
+               size_t __di = __i;
+               if constexpr (_OtherRank != _S_rank_dynamic)
+                 __di = _S_dynamic_index_inv[__i];
+               _M_dynamic_extents[__i] = _S_int_cast(__get_extent(__di));
+             }
+         }
+
+       constexpr
+       _ExtentsStorage() noexcept = default;
+
+       template<typename _OIndexType, array _OExtents>
+         constexpr
+         _ExtentsStorage(const _ExtentsStorage<_OIndexType, _OExtents>&
+                         __other) noexcept
+         {
+           _M_init_dynamic_extents<_S_rank>([&__other](size_t __i)
+             { return __other._M_extent(__i); });
+         }
+
+       template<typename _OIndexType, size_t _Nm>
+         constexpr
+         _ExtentsStorage(span<const _OIndexType, _Nm> __exts) noexcept
+         {
+           _M_init_dynamic_extents<_Nm>(
+             [&__exts](size_t __i) -> const _OIndexType&
+             { return __exts[__i]; });
+         }
+
+      private:
+       using _S_storage = __array_traits<_IndexType, _S_rank_dynamic>::_Type;
+       [[no_unique_address]] _S_storage _M_dynamic_extents;
+      };
+
+    template<typename _OIndexType, typename _SIndexType>
+      concept __valid_index_type =
+       is_convertible_v<_OIndexType, _SIndexType> &&
+       is_nothrow_constructible_v<_SIndexType, _OIndexType>;
+
+    template<size_t _Extent, typename _IndexType>
+      concept
+      __valid_static_extent = _Extent == dynamic_extent
+       || _Extent <= numeric_limits<_IndexType>::max();
+  }
+
+  template<typename _IndexType, size_t... _Extents>
+    class extents
+    {
+      static_assert(is_integral_v<_IndexType>, "_IndexType must be integral.");
+      static_assert(
+         (__mdspan::__valid_static_extent<_Extents, _IndexType> && ...),
+         "Extents must either be dynamic or representable as _IndexType");
+
+    public:
+      using index_type = _IndexType;
+      using size_type = make_unsigned_t<index_type>;
+      using rank_type = size_t;
+
+      static constexpr rank_type
+      rank() noexcept { return _S_storage::_S_rank; }
+
+      static constexpr rank_type
+      rank_dynamic() noexcept { return _S_storage::_S_rank_dynamic; }
+
+      static constexpr size_t
+      static_extent(rank_type __r) noexcept
+      {
+       __glibcxx_assert(__r < rank());
+       if constexpr (rank() == 0)
+         __builtin_trap();
+
+       return _S_storage::_S_static_extent(__r);
+      }
+
+      constexpr index_type
+      extent(rank_type __r) const noexcept
+      {
+       __glibcxx_assert(__r < rank());
+       if constexpr (rank() == 0)
+         __builtin_trap();
+
+       return _M_dynamic_extents._M_extent(__r);
+      }
+
+      constexpr
+      extents() noexcept = default;
+
+    private:
+      static consteval bool
+      _S_is_less_dynamic(size_t __ext, size_t __oext)
+      { return (__ext != dynamic_extent) && (__oext == dynamic_extent); }
+
+      template<typename _OIndexType, size_t... _OExtents>
+       static consteval bool
+       _S_ctor_explicit()
+       {
+         return (_S_is_less_dynamic(_Extents, _OExtents) || ...)
+           || (numeric_limits<index_type>::max()
+               < numeric_limits<_OIndexType>::max());
+       }
+
+    public:
+      template<typename _OIndexType, size_t... _OExtents>
+       requires (sizeof...(_OExtents) == rank())
+                && ((_OExtents == dynamic_extent || _Extents == dynamic_extent
+                     || _OExtents == _Extents) && ...)
+       constexpr explicit(_S_ctor_explicit<_OIndexType, _OExtents...>())
+       extents(const extents<_OIndexType, _OExtents...>& __other) noexcept
+       : _M_dynamic_extents(__other._M_dynamic_extents)
+       { }
+
+      template<__mdspan::__valid_index_type<index_type>... _OIndexTypes>
+       requires (sizeof...(_OIndexTypes) == rank()
+                 || sizeof...(_OIndexTypes) == rank_dynamic())
+       constexpr explicit extents(_OIndexTypes... __exts) noexcept
+       : _M_dynamic_extents(span<const _IndexType, sizeof...(_OIndexTypes)>(
+           initializer_list{_S_storage::_S_int_cast(__exts)...}))
+       { }
+
+      template<__mdspan::__valid_index_type<index_type> _OIndexType, size_t 
_Nm>
+       requires (_Nm == rank() || _Nm == rank_dynamic())
+       constexpr explicit(_Nm != rank_dynamic())
+       extents(span<_OIndexType, _Nm> __exts) noexcept
+       : _M_dynamic_extents(span<const _OIndexType, _Nm>(__exts))
+       { }
+
+
+      template<__mdspan::__valid_index_type<index_type> _OIndexType, size_t 
_Nm>
+       requires (_Nm == rank() || _Nm == rank_dynamic())
+       constexpr explicit(_Nm != rank_dynamic())
+       extents(const array<_OIndexType, _Nm>& __exts) noexcept
+       : _M_dynamic_extents(span<const _OIndexType, _Nm>(__exts))
+       { }
+
+      template<typename _OIndexType, size_t... _OExtents>
+       friend constexpr bool
+       operator==(const extents& __self,
+                  const extents<_OIndexType, _OExtents...>& __other) noexcept
+       {
+         if constexpr (__self.rank() != __other.rank())
+           return false;
+
+         for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __self.rank(); ++__i)
+           if (__self.extent(__i) != __other.extent(__i))
+             return false;
+         return true;
+       }
+
+    private:
+      using _S_storage = __mdspan::_ExtentsStorage<
+       _IndexType, array<size_t, sizeof...(_Extents)>{_Extents...}>;
+      [[no_unique_address]] _S_storage _M_dynamic_extents;
+
+      template<typename _OIndexType, size_t... _OExtents>
+       friend class extents;
+    };
+
+  namespace __mdspan
+  {
+    template<typename _IndexType, size_t... _Counts>
+      auto __build_dextents_type(integer_sequence<size_t, _Counts...>)
+       -> extents<_IndexType, (_Counts, dynamic_extent)...>;
+
+    template<typename _Tp>
+      consteval size_t
+      __dynamic_extent() { return dynamic_extent; }
+  }
+
+  template<typename _IndexType, size_t _Rank>
+    using dextents = decltype(__mdspan::__build_dextents_type<_IndexType>(
+       make_index_sequence<_Rank>()));
+
+  template<typename... _Integrals>
+    requires (is_convertible_v<_Integrals, size_t> && ...)
+    explicit extents(_Integrals...) ->
+      extents<size_t, __mdspan::__dynamic_extent<_Integrals>()...>;
 
 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
index 5e18ad73908..e42f54df20e 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++23/std.cc.in
@@ -1831,7 +1831,11 @@ export namespace std
   }
 }
 
-// FIXME <mdspan>
+// <mdspan>
+{
+  using std::extents;
+  // FIXME layout_*, default_accessor and mdspan
+}
 
 // 20.2 <memory>
 export namespace std
-- 
2.49.0

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