Hi

Here is an update with the alloc ptr specific tests and so fixes.

PR updated:

https://forge.sourceware.org/gcc/gcc-TEST/pulls/27

François


On 09/12/2024 07:05, François Dumont wrote:

On 04/12/2024 22:48, Jonathan Wakely wrote:
On 04/12/24 19:27 +0100, François Dumont wrote:
Hi

I've completed the synchronization with your equivalent PR for std::list so here is the updated patch.

PR updated a couple of days ago.

Note that I've started to rework the patch for the same in _Hashtable.

Great, thanks.


#if __cplusplus < 201103L
      void
-      _M_construct_node(_Link_type __node, const value_type& __x)
+      _M_construct_node(_Base_ptr __p, const value_type& __x)

And can this be left as _Node_ptr instead of changed to _Base_ptr?
Then it wouldn't need the static_cast, and the callers wouldn't need
to use _M_base_ptr().

Logically, it has to be a _Node_ptr or the cast isn't valid anyway.

There seem to be several places like this where we're giving up
valuable type information by using _base_ptr instead of _Node_ptr.

Is that really necessary? If we have a _Node_ptr we can always get a
_Base_ptr easily by calling _M_base_ptr().

Is it a constness thing, because _M_begin() const was changed to
return _Base_ptr instead of _Const_link_ptr?

No, just me being lazy and considering that as we store _Base_ptr we can also use it everywhere.

In this new version I've preserved _Node_ptr almost everywhere.

But _M_begin() is still returning a _Base_ptr and I've introduced _M_begin_node() for rare occasions when a _Node_ptr is needed.

Note that I've hesitated to add a _S_nullptr() to get a _Base_ptr null pointer. Is default constructor on fancy pointer type mandatory ? I fear that only constructor from nullptr is mandatory.

I've forced push on:

https://forge.sourceware.org/gcc/gcc-TEST/pulls/27

François
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_tree.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_tree.h
index bc27e191e8b..c87591757e8 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_tree.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_tree.h
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
 #include <bits/allocator.h>
 #include <bits/stl_function.h>
 #include <bits/cpp_type_traits.h>
+#include <bits/ptr_traits.h>
 #include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
 # include <ext/aligned_buffer.h>
@@ -74,6 +75,13 @@
 # include <bits/node_handle.h>
 #endif
 
+#if __cplusplus < 201103L
+# undef _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+# define _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE 0
+#elif ! defined _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+# define _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE 1
+#endif
+
 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
 {
 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
@@ -99,7 +107,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   struct _Rb_tree_node_base
   {
     typedef _Rb_tree_node_base* _Base_ptr;
-    typedef const _Rb_tree_node_base* _Const_Base_ptr;
 
     _Rb_tree_color     _M_color;
     _Base_ptr          _M_parent;
@@ -113,13 +120,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       return __x;
     }
 
-    static _Const_Base_ptr
-    _S_minimum(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-    {
-      while (__x->_M_left != 0) __x = __x->_M_left;
-      return __x;
-    }
-
     static _Base_ptr
     _S_maximum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
     {
@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       return __x;
     }
 
-    static _Const_Base_ptr
-    _S_maximum(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-    {
-      while (__x->_M_right != 0) __x = __x->_M_right;
-      return __x;
-    }
+    // This is not const-correct, but it's only used in a const access path
+    // by std::_Rb_tree::_M_end() where the pointer is used to initialize a
+    // const_iterator and so constness is restored.
+    _Base_ptr
+    _M_base_ptr() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+    { return const_cast<_Rb_tree_node_base*>(this); }
   };
 
   // Helper type offering value initialization guarantee on the compare 
functor.
@@ -213,8 +213,6 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   template<typename _Val>
     struct _Rb_tree_node : public _Rb_tree_node_base
     {
-      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Val>* _Link_type;
-
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
       _Val _M_value_field;
 
@@ -236,20 +234,140 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _M_valptr() const
       { return _M_storage._M_ptr(); }
 #endif
+
+      _Rb_tree_node*
+      _M_node_ptr() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return this; }
+    };
+
+#if _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+namespace __rb_tree
+{
+  template<typename _VoidPtr>
+    struct _Node_base
+    {
+      using _Base_ptr = __ptr_rebind<_VoidPtr, _Node_base>;
+
+      _Rb_tree_color   _M_color;
+      _Base_ptr                _M_parent;
+      _Base_ptr                _M_left;
+      _Base_ptr                _M_right;
+
+      static _Base_ptr
+      _S_minimum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       while (__x->_M_left) __x = __x->_M_left;
+       return __x;
+      }
+
+      static _Base_ptr
+      _S_maximum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       while (__x->_M_right) __x = __x->_M_right;
+       return __x;
+      }
+
+      // This is not const-correct, but it's only used in a const access path
+      // by std::_Rb_tree::_M_end() where the pointer is used to initialize a
+      // const_iterator and so constness is restored.
+      _Base_ptr
+      _M_base_ptr() const noexcept
+      {
+       return pointer_traits<_Base_ptr>::pointer_to
+         (*const_cast<_Node_base*>(this));
+      }
+    };
+
+  // Helper type to manage default initialization of node count and header.
+  template<typename _NodeBase>
+    struct _Header
+    {
+    private:
+      using _Base_ptr =  typename _NodeBase::_Base_ptr;
+
+    public:
+      _NodeBase                _M_header;
+      size_t           _M_node_count; // Keeps track of size of tree.
+
+      _Header() noexcept
+      {
+       _M_header._M_color = _S_red;
+       _M_reset();
+      }
+
+      _Header(_Header&& __x) noexcept
+      {
+       if (__x._M_header._M_parent)
+         _M_move_data(__x);
+       else
+         {
+           _M_header._M_color = _S_red;
+           _M_reset();
+         }
+      }
+
+      void
+      _M_move_data(_Header& __from)
+      {
+       _M_header._M_color = __from._M_header._M_color;
+       _M_header._M_parent = __from._M_header._M_parent;
+       _M_header._M_left = __from._M_header._M_left;
+       _M_header._M_right = __from._M_header._M_right;
+       _M_header._M_parent->_M_parent = _M_header._M_base_ptr();
+       _M_node_count = __from._M_node_count;
+
+       __from._M_reset();
+      }
+
+      void
+      _M_reset()
+      {
+       _M_header._M_parent = nullptr;
+       _M_header._M_left = _M_header._M_right = _M_header._M_base_ptr();
+       _M_node_count = 0;
+      }
     };
 
+  template<typename _ValPtr>
+    struct _Node : public __rb_tree::_Node_base<__ptr_rebind<_ValPtr, void>>
+    {
+      using value_type = typename pointer_traits<_ValPtr>::element_type;
+      using _Node_ptr = __ptr_rebind<_ValPtr, _Node>;
+
+      _Node() noexcept { }
+      ~_Node() { }
+      _Node(_Node&&) = delete;
+
+      union _Uninit_storage
+      {
+       _Uninit_storage() noexcept { }
+       ~_Uninit_storage() { }
+
+       value_type _M_data;
+      };
+      _Uninit_storage _M_u;
+
+      value_type*
+      _M_valptr()
+      { return std::addressof(_M_u._M_data); }
+
+      value_type const*
+      _M_valptr() const
+      { return std::addressof(_M_u._M_data); }
+
+      _Node_ptr
+      _M_node_ptr() noexcept
+      { return pointer_traits<_Node_ptr>::pointer_to(*this); }
+    };
+} // namespace __rb_tree
+#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+
   _GLIBCXX_PURE _Rb_tree_node_base*
   _Rb_tree_increment(_Rb_tree_node_base* __x) throw ();
 
-  _GLIBCXX_PURE const _Rb_tree_node_base*
-  _Rb_tree_increment(const _Rb_tree_node_base* __x) throw ();
-
   _GLIBCXX_PURE _Rb_tree_node_base*
   _Rb_tree_decrement(_Rb_tree_node_base* __x) throw ();
 
-  _GLIBCXX_PURE const _Rb_tree_node_base*
-  _Rb_tree_decrement(const _Rb_tree_node_base* __x) throw ();
-
   template<typename _Tp>
     struct _Rb_tree_iterator
     {
@@ -260,9 +378,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
       typedef ptrdiff_t                         difference_type;
 
-      typedef _Rb_tree_iterator<_Tp>           _Self;
       typedef _Rb_tree_node_base::_Base_ptr    _Base_ptr;
-      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Tp>*              _Link_type;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Tp>*              _Node_ptr;
 
       _Rb_tree_iterator() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       : _M_node() { }
@@ -273,49 +390,51 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
       reference
       operator*() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return *static_cast<_Link_type>(_M_node)->_M_valptr(); }
+      { return *static_cast<_Node_ptr>(_M_node)->_M_valptr(); }
 
       pointer
       operator->() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Link_type> (_M_node)->_M_valptr(); }
+      { return static_cast<_Node_ptr>(_M_node)->_M_valptr(); }
 
-      _Self&
+      _Rb_tree_iterator&
       operator++() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
        _M_node = _Rb_tree_increment(_M_node);
        return *this;
       }
 
-      _Self
+      _Rb_tree_iterator
       operator++(int) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-       _Self __tmp = *this;
+       _Rb_tree_iterator __tmp = *this;
        _M_node = _Rb_tree_increment(_M_node);
        return __tmp;
       }
 
-      _Self&
+      _Rb_tree_iterator&
       operator--() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
        _M_node = _Rb_tree_decrement(_M_node);
        return *this;
       }
 
-      _Self
+      _Rb_tree_iterator
       operator--(int) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-       _Self __tmp = *this;
+       _Rb_tree_iterator __tmp = *this;
        _M_node = _Rb_tree_decrement(_M_node);
        return __tmp;
       }
 
       friend bool
-      operator==(const _Self& __x, const _Self& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      operator==(const _Rb_tree_iterator& __x,
+                const _Rb_tree_iterator& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return __x._M_node == __y._M_node; }
 
 #if ! __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
       friend bool
-      operator!=(const _Self& __x, const _Self& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      operator!=(const _Rb_tree_iterator& __x,
+                const _Rb_tree_iterator& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return __x._M_node != __y._M_node; }
 #endif
 
@@ -334,9 +453,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
       typedef ptrdiff_t                         difference_type;
 
-      typedef _Rb_tree_const_iterator<_Tp>             _Self;
-      typedef _Rb_tree_node_base::_Const_Base_ptr      _Base_ptr;
-      typedef const _Rb_tree_node<_Tp>*                        _Link_type;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_node_base::_Base_ptr    _Base_ptr;
+      typedef const _Rb_tree_node<_Tp>*                _Node_ptr;
 
       _Rb_tree_const_iterator() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       : _M_node() { }
@@ -348,55 +466,53 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Rb_tree_const_iterator(const iterator& __it) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       : _M_node(__it._M_node) { }
 
-      iterator
-      _M_const_cast() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return iterator(const_cast<typename iterator::_Base_ptr>(_M_node)); }
-
       reference
       operator*() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return *static_cast<_Link_type>(_M_node)->_M_valptr(); }
+      { return *static_cast<_Node_ptr>(_M_node)->_M_valptr(); }
 
       pointer
       operator->() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Link_type>(_M_node)->_M_valptr(); }
+      { return static_cast<_Node_ptr>(_M_node)->_M_valptr(); }
 
-      _Self&
+      _Rb_tree_const_iterator&
       operator++() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
        _M_node = _Rb_tree_increment(_M_node);
        return *this;
       }
 
-      _Self
+      _Rb_tree_const_iterator
       operator++(int) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-       _Self __tmp = *this;
+       _Rb_tree_const_iterator __tmp = *this;
        _M_node = _Rb_tree_increment(_M_node);
        return __tmp;
       }
 
-      _Self&
+      _Rb_tree_const_iterator&
       operator--() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
        _M_node = _Rb_tree_decrement(_M_node);
        return *this;
       }
 
-      _Self
+      _Rb_tree_const_iterator
       operator--(int) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-       _Self __tmp = *this;
+       _Rb_tree_const_iterator __tmp = *this;
        _M_node = _Rb_tree_decrement(_M_node);
        return __tmp;
       }
 
       friend bool
-      operator==(const _Self& __x, const _Self& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      operator==(const _Rb_tree_const_iterator& __x,
+                const _Rb_tree_const_iterator& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return __x._M_node == __y._M_node; }
 
 #if ! __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
       friend bool
-      operator!=(const _Self& __x, const _Self& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      operator!=(const _Rb_tree_const_iterator& __x,
+                const _Rb_tree_const_iterator& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return __x._M_node != __y._M_node; }
 #endif
 
@@ -415,6 +531,485 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(_Rb_tree_node_base* const __z,
                               _Rb_tree_node_base& __header) throw ();
 
+namespace __rb_tree
+{
+#if _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+  template<bool _Const, typename _ValPtr>
+    struct _Iterator
+    {
+      template<typename _Tp>
+       using __maybe_const = __conditional_t<_Const, const _Tp, _Tp>;
+
+      using __ptr_traits =     pointer_traits<_ValPtr>;
+      using value_type =       typename __ptr_traits::element_type;
+      using reference =                __maybe_const<value_type>&;
+      using pointer =          __maybe_const<value_type>*;
+
+      using iterator_category =        bidirectional_iterator_tag;
+      using difference_type =  ptrdiff_t;
+
+      using _Node = __rb_tree::_Node<_ValPtr>;
+      using _Node_base = __rb_tree::_Node_base<__ptr_rebind<_ValPtr, void>>;
+      using _Base_ptr =         typename _Node_base::_Base_ptr;
+
+      _Iterator() noexcept
+      : _M_node() { }
+
+      constexpr explicit
+      _Iterator(_Base_ptr __x) noexcept
+      : _M_node(__x) { }
+
+      _Iterator(const _Iterator&) = default;
+      _Iterator& operator=(const _Iterator&) = default;
+
+#ifdef __glibcxx_concepts
+      constexpr
+      _Iterator(const _Iterator<false, _ValPtr>& __it) requires _Const
+#else
+      template<bool _OtherConst,
+              typename = __enable_if_t<_Const && !_OtherConst>>
+       constexpr
+       _Iterator(const _Iterator<_OtherConst, _ValPtr>& __it)
+#endif
+       : _M_node(__it._M_node) { }
+
+      [[__nodiscard__]]
+      reference
+      operator*() const noexcept
+      { return *static_cast<_Node&>(*_M_node)._M_valptr(); }
+
+      [[__nodiscard__]]
+      pointer
+      operator->() const noexcept
+      { return static_cast<_Node&>(*_M_node)._M_valptr(); }
+
+      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _Iterator&
+      operator++() noexcept
+      {
+       if (_M_node->_M_right)
+         {
+           _M_node = _M_node->_M_right;
+           while (_M_node->_M_left)
+             _M_node = _M_node->_M_left;
+         }
+       else
+         {
+           _Base_ptr __y = _M_node->_M_parent;
+           while (_M_node == __y->_M_right)
+             {
+               _M_node = __y;
+               __y = __y->_M_parent;
+             }
+           if (_M_node->_M_right != __y)
+             _M_node = __y;
+         }
+
+       return *this;
+      }
+
+      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _Iterator
+      operator++(int) noexcept
+      {
+       _Iterator __tmp(this->_M_node);
+       ++*this;
+       return __tmp;
+      }
+
+      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _Iterator&
+      operator--() noexcept
+      {
+       if (_M_node->_M_color == _S_red
+           && _M_node->_M_parent->_M_parent == _M_node)
+         _M_node = _M_node->_M_right;
+       else if (_M_node->_M_left)
+         {
+           _Base_ptr __y = _M_node->_M_left;
+           while (__y->_M_right)
+             __y = __y->_M_right;
+           _M_node = __y;
+         }
+       else
+         {
+           _Base_ptr __y = _M_node->_M_parent;
+           while (_M_node == __y->_M_left)
+             {
+               _M_node = __y;
+               __y = __y->_M_parent;
+             }
+           _M_node = __y;
+         }
+       return *this;
+      }
+
+      _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _Iterator
+      operator--(int) noexcept
+      {
+       _Iterator __tmp(this->_M_node);
+       --*this;
+       return __tmp;
+      }
+
+      [[__nodiscard__]]
+      friend bool
+      operator==(const _Iterator& __x, const _Iterator& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return __x._M_node == __y._M_node; }
+
+#if ! __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
+      [[__nodiscard__]]
+      friend bool
+      operator!=(const _Iterator& __x, const _Iterator& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return __x._M_node != __y._M_node; }
+#endif
+
+      _Base_ptr _M_node;
+    };
+#endif // USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+
+  // Determine the node and iterator types used by std::_Rb_tree.
+  template<typename _Val, typename _Ptr>
+    struct _Node_traits;
+
+#if _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE <= 9000
+  // Specialization for the simple case where the allocator's pointer type
+  // is the same type as value_type*.
+  // For ABI compatibility we can't change the types used for this case.
+  template<typename _Val>
+    struct _Node_traits<_Val, _Val*>
+    {
+      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Val>              _Node;
+      typedef _Node*                           _Node_ptr;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_node_base               _Node_base;
+      typedef _Node_base*                      _Base_ptr;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_header                  _Header_t;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_iterator<_Val>          _Iterator;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_const_iterator<_Val>    _Const_iterator;
+
+      __attribute__((__nonnull__))
+      static void
+      _S_insert_and_rebalance(const bool __insert_left,
+                             _Node_base* __x, _Node_base* __p,
+                             _Node_base& __header) _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       return _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __x, __p, __header);
+      }
+
+      __attribute__((__nonnull__,__returns_nonnull__))
+      static _Node_base*
+      _S_rebalance_for_erase(_Node_base* const __z,
+                            _Node_base& __header) _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT
+      { return _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(__z, __header); }
+    };
+#endif
+
+#if ! _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+  // Always use the T* specialization.
+  template<typename _Val, typename _Ptr>
+    struct _Node_traits
+    : _Node_traits<_Val, _Val*>
+    { };
+#else
+  // Primary template used when the allocator uses fancy pointers.
+  template<typename _Val, typename _ValPtr>
+    struct _Node_traits
+    {
+      using _Node = __rb_tree::_Node<_ValPtr>;
+      using _Node_ptr = __ptr_rebind<_ValPtr, _Node>;
+      using _Node_base = __rb_tree::_Node_base<__ptr_rebind<_ValPtr, void>>;
+      using _Base_ptr = __ptr_rebind<_ValPtr, _Node_base>;
+      using _Header_t = __rb_tree::_Header<_Node_base>;
+      using _Iterator = __rb_tree::_Iterator<false, _ValPtr>;
+      using _Const_iterator = __rb_tree::_Iterator<true, _ValPtr>;
+
+      static void
+      _Rotate_left(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr& __root)
+      {
+       const _Base_ptr __y = __x->_M_right;
+
+       __x->_M_right = __y->_M_left;
+       if (__y->_M_left)
+         __y->_M_left->_M_parent = __x;
+       __y->_M_parent = __x->_M_parent;
+
+       if (__x == __root)
+         __root = __y;
+       else if (__x == __x->_M_parent->_M_left)
+         __x->_M_parent->_M_left = __y;
+       else
+         __x->_M_parent->_M_right = __y;
+       __y->_M_left = __x;
+       __x->_M_parent = __y;
+      }
+
+      static void
+      _Rotate_right(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr& __root)
+      {
+       const _Base_ptr __y = __x->_M_left;
+
+       __x->_M_left = __y->_M_right;
+       if (__y->_M_right)
+         __y->_M_right->_M_parent = __x;
+       __y->_M_parent = __x->_M_parent;
+
+       if (__x == __root)
+         __root = __y;
+       else if (__x == __x->_M_parent->_M_right)
+         __x->_M_parent->_M_right = __y;
+       else
+         __x->_M_parent->_M_left = __y;
+       __y->_M_right = __x;
+       __x->_M_parent = __y;
+      }
+
+      static void
+      _S_insert_and_rebalance(const bool __insert_left,
+                             _Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __p,
+                             _Node_base& __header)
+      {
+       _Base_ptr& __root = __header._M_parent;
+
+       // Initialize fields in new node to insert.
+       __x->_M_parent = __p;
+       __x->_M_left = __x->_M_right = nullptr;
+       __x->_M_color = _S_red;
+
+       // Insert.
+       // Make new node child of parent and maintain root, leftmost and
+       // rightmost nodes.
+       // N.B. First node is always inserted left.
+       if (__insert_left)
+         {
+           __p->_M_left = __x; // also makes leftmost = __x when __p == 
&__header
+
+           if (std::__to_address(__p) == std::addressof(__header))
+             {
+               __header._M_parent = __x;
+               __header._M_right = __x;
+             }
+           else if (__p == __header._M_left)
+             __header._M_left = __x; // maintain leftmost pointing to min node
+         }
+       else
+         {
+           __p->_M_right = __x;
+
+           if (__p == __header._M_right)
+             __header._M_right = __x; // maintain rightmost pointing to max 
node
+         }
+       // Rebalance.
+       while (__x != __root
+              && __x->_M_parent->_M_color == _S_red)
+         {
+           const _Base_ptr __xpp = __x->_M_parent->_M_parent;
+
+           if (__x->_M_parent == __xpp->_M_left)
+             {
+               const _Base_ptr __y = __xpp->_M_right;
+               if (__y && __y->_M_color == _S_red)
+                 {
+                   __x->_M_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __y->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __xpp->_M_color = _S_red;
+                   __x = __xpp;
+                 }
+               else
+                 {
+                   if (__x == __x->_M_parent->_M_right)
+                     {
+                       __x = __x->_M_parent;
+                       _Rotate_left(__x, __root);
+                     }
+                   __x->_M_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __xpp->_M_color = _S_red;
+                   _Rotate_right(__xpp, __root);
+                 }
+             }
+           else
+             {
+               const _Base_ptr __y = __xpp->_M_left;
+               if (__y && __y->_M_color == _S_red)
+                 {
+                   __x->_M_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __y->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __xpp->_M_color = _S_red;
+                   __x = __xpp;
+                 }
+               else
+                 {
+                   if (__x == __x->_M_parent->_M_left)
+                     {
+                       __x = __x->_M_parent;
+                       _Rotate_right(__x, __root);
+                     }
+                   __x->_M_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __xpp->_M_color = _S_red;
+                   _Rotate_left(__xpp, __root);
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+       __root->_M_color = _S_black;
+      }
+
+      static _Base_ptr
+      _S_rebalance_for_erase(_Base_ptr __z, _Node_base& __header)
+      {
+       _Base_ptr& __root = __header._M_parent;
+       _Base_ptr& __leftmost = __header._M_left;
+       _Base_ptr& __rightmost = __header._M_right;
+       _Base_ptr __y = __z;
+       _Base_ptr __x{};
+       _Base_ptr __x_parent{};
+
+       if (!__y->_M_left)     // __z has at most one non-null child. y == z.
+         __x = __y->_M_right;     // __x might be null.
+       else
+         if (!__y->_M_right)  // __z has exactly one non-null child. y == z.
+           __x = __y->_M_left;    // __x is not null.
+         else
+           {
+             // __z has two non-null children.  Set __y to
+             __y = __y->_M_right;   //   __z's successor.  __x might be null.
+             while (__y->_M_left)
+               __y = __y->_M_left;
+             __x = __y->_M_right;
+           }
+       if (__y != __z)
+         {
+           // relink y in place of z.  y is z's successor
+           __z->_M_left->_M_parent = __y;
+           __y->_M_left = __z->_M_left;
+           if (__y != __z->_M_right)
+             {
+               __x_parent = __y->_M_parent;
+               if (__x)
+                 __x->_M_parent = __y->_M_parent;
+               __y->_M_parent->_M_left = __x;   // __y must be a child of 
_M_left
+               __y->_M_right = __z->_M_right;
+               __z->_M_right->_M_parent = __y;
+             }
+           else
+             __x_parent = __y;
+           if (__root == __z)
+             __root = __y;
+           else if (__z->_M_parent->_M_left == __z)
+             __z->_M_parent->_M_left = __y;
+           else
+             __z->_M_parent->_M_right = __y;
+           __y->_M_parent = __z->_M_parent;
+           std::swap(__y->_M_color, __z->_M_color);
+           __y = __z;
+           // __y now points to node to be actually deleted
+         }
+       else
+         {                        // __y == __z
+           __x_parent = __y->_M_parent;
+           if (__x)
+             __x->_M_parent = __y->_M_parent;
+           if (__root == __z)
+             __root = __x;
+           else
+             if (__z->_M_parent->_M_left == __z)
+               __z->_M_parent->_M_left = __x;
+             else
+               __z->_M_parent->_M_right = __x;
+           if (__leftmost == __z)
+             {
+               if (!__z->_M_right)        // __z->_M_left must be null also
+                 __leftmost = __z->_M_parent;
+               // makes __leftmost == _M_header if __z == __root
+               else
+                 __leftmost = _Node_base::_S_minimum(__x);
+             }
+           if (__rightmost == __z)
+             {
+               if (__z->_M_left == 0)         // __z->_M_right must be null 
also
+                 __rightmost = __z->_M_parent;
+               // makes __rightmost == _M_header if __z == __root
+               else                      // __x == __z->_M_left
+                 __rightmost = _Node_base::_S_maximum(__x);
+             }
+         }
+       if (__y->_M_color != _S_red)
+         {
+           while (__x != __root && (__x == 0 || __x->_M_color == _S_black))
+             if (__x == __x_parent->_M_left)
+               {
+                 _Base_ptr __w = __x_parent->_M_right;
+                 if (__w->_M_color == _S_red)
+                   {
+                     __w->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     __x_parent->_M_color = _S_red;
+                     _Rotate_left(__x_parent, __root);
+                     __w = __x_parent->_M_right;
+                   }
+                 if ((!__w->_M_left || __w->_M_left->_M_color == _S_black) &&
+                     (!__w->_M_right || __w->_M_right->_M_color == _S_black))
+                   {
+                     __w->_M_color = _S_red;
+                     __x = __x_parent;
+                     __x_parent = __x_parent->_M_parent;
+                   }
+                 else
+                   {
+                     if (!__w->_M_right || __w->_M_right->_M_color == _S_black)
+                       {
+                         __w->_M_left->_M_color = _S_black;
+                         __w->_M_color = _S_red;
+                         _Rotate_right(__w, __root);
+                         __w = __x_parent->_M_right;
+                       }
+                     __w->_M_color = __x_parent->_M_color;
+                     __x_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     if (__w->_M_right)
+                       __w->_M_right->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     _Rotate_left(__x_parent, __root);
+                     break;
+                   }
+               }
+             else
+               {
+                 // same as above, with _M_right <-> _M_left.
+                 _Base_ptr __w = __x_parent->_M_left;
+                 if (__w->_M_color == _S_red)
+                   {
+                     __w->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     __x_parent->_M_color = _S_red;
+                     _Rotate_right(__x_parent, __root);
+                     __w = __x_parent->_M_left;
+                   }
+                 if ((!__w->_M_right || __w->_M_right->_M_color == _S_black) &&
+                     (!__w->_M_left || __w->_M_left->_M_color == _S_black))
+                   {
+                     __w->_M_color = _S_red;
+                     __x = __x_parent;
+                     __x_parent = __x_parent->_M_parent;
+                   }
+                 else
+                   {
+                     if (!__w->_M_left || __w->_M_left->_M_color == _S_black)
+                       {
+                         __w->_M_right->_M_color = _S_black;
+                         __w->_M_color = _S_red;
+                         _Rotate_left(__w, __root);
+                         __w = __x_parent->_M_left;
+                       }
+                     __w->_M_color = __x_parent->_M_color;
+                     __x_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     if (__w->_M_left)
+                       __w->_M_left->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     _Rotate_right(__x_parent, __root);
+                     break;
+                   }
+               }
+           if (__x)
+             __x->_M_color = _S_black;
+         }
+
+       return __y;
+      }
+    };
+#endif
+} // namespace __rb_tree
+
 #if __cplusplus > 201402L
   template<typename _Tree1, typename _Cmp2>
     struct _Rb_tree_merge_helper { };
@@ -425,15 +1020,23 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     class _Rb_tree
     {
       typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template
-       rebind<_Rb_tree_node<_Val> >::other _Node_allocator;
+       rebind<_Val>::other _Val_alloc_type;
+
+      typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Val_alloc_type> _Val_alloc_traits;
+      typedef typename _Val_alloc_traits::pointer _ValPtr;
+      typedef __rb_tree::_Node_traits<_Val, _ValPtr> _Node_traits;
+
+      typedef typename _Node_traits::_Node_base                _Node_base;
+      typedef typename _Node_traits::_Node             _Node;
+
+      typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template
+       rebind<_Node>::other _Node_allocator;
 
-      typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Node_allocator> _Alloc_traits;
+      typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Node_allocator> _Node_alloc_traits;
 
     protected:
-      typedef _Rb_tree_node_base*              _Base_ptr;
-      typedef const _Rb_tree_node_base*        _Const_Base_ptr;
-      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Val>*             _Link_type;
-      typedef const _Rb_tree_node<_Val>*       _Const_Link_type;
+      typedef typename _Node_traits::_Base_ptr _Base_ptr;
+      typedef typename _Node_traits::_Node_ptr _Node_ptr;
 
     private:
       // Functor recycling a pool of nodes and using allocation once the pool
@@ -445,13 +1048,13 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        {
          if (_M_root)
            {
-             _M_root->_M_parent = 0;
+             _M_root->_M_parent = _Base_ptr();
 
              if (_M_nodes->_M_left)
                _M_nodes = _M_nodes->_M_left;
            }
          else
-           _M_nodes = 0;
+           _M_nodes = _Base_ptr();
        }
 
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
@@ -459,15 +1062,19 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #endif
 
        ~_Reuse_or_alloc_node()
-       { _M_t._M_erase(static_cast<_Link_type>(_M_root)); }
+       {
+         if (_M_root)
+           _M_t._M_erase(static_cast<_Node&>(*_M_root)._M_node_ptr());
+       }
 
        template<typename _Arg>
-         _Link_type
+         _Node_ptr
          operator()(_GLIBCXX_FWDREF(_Arg) __arg)
          {
-           _Link_type __node = static_cast<_Link_type>(_M_extract());
-           if (__node)
+           _Base_ptr __base = _M_extract();
+           if (__base)
              {
+               _Node_ptr __node = static_cast<_Node&>(*__base)._M_node_ptr();
                _M_t._M_destroy_node(__node);
                _M_t._M_construct_node(__node, _GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __arg));
                return __node;
@@ -489,7 +1096,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            {
              if (_M_nodes->_M_right == __node)
                {
-                 _M_nodes->_M_right = 0;
+                 _M_nodes->_M_right = _Base_ptr();
 
                  if (_M_nodes->_M_left)
                    {
@@ -503,10 +1110,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
                    }
                }
              else // __node is on the left.
-               _M_nodes->_M_left = 0;
+               _M_nodes->_M_left = _Base_ptr();
            }
          else
-           _M_root = 0;
+           _M_root = _Base_ptr();
 
          return __node;
        }
@@ -524,7 +1131,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        : _M_t(__t) { }
 
        template<typename _Arg>
-         _Link_type
+         _Node_ptr
          operator()(_GLIBCXX_FWDREF(_Arg) __arg) const
          { return _M_t._M_create_node(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __arg)); }
 
@@ -556,17 +1163,52 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       { return allocator_type(_M_get_Node_allocator()); }
 
     protected:
-      _Link_type
+      _Node_ptr
       _M_get_node()
-      { return _Alloc_traits::allocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), 1); }
+      {
+#if __cplusplus < 201102L || _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+       return _Node_alloc_traits::allocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), 1);
+#else
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions" // if constexpr
+       using __alloc_pointer = typename _Node_alloc_traits::pointer;
+       if constexpr (is_same<_Node_ptr, __alloc_pointer>::value)
+         return _Node_alloc_traits::allocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), 1);
+       else
+         {
+           auto __ptr =
+             _Node_alloc_traits::allocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), 1);
+           return std::__to_address(__ptr);
+         }
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+      }
 
       void
-      _M_put_node(_Link_type __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { _Alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __p, 1); }
+      _M_put_node(_Node_ptr __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+#if __cplusplus < 201102L || _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+       _Node_alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __p, 1);
+#else
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions" // if constexpr
+       using __alloc_pointer = typename _Node_alloc_traits::pointer;
+       if constexpr (is_same<_Node_ptr, __alloc_pointer>::value)
+         _Node_alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __p, 1);
+       else
+         {
+           // When not using the allocator's pointer type internally we must
+           // convert __p to __alloc_pointer so it can be deallocated.
+           auto __ap = pointer_traits<__alloc_pointer>::pointer_to(*__p);
+           _Node_alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __ap, 1);
+         }
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+      }
 
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
       void
-      _M_construct_node(_Link_type __node, const value_type& __x)
+      _M_construct_node(_Node_ptr __node, const value_type& __x)
       {
        __try
          { get_allocator().construct(__node->_M_valptr(), __x); }
@@ -577,79 +1219,80 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          }
       }
 
-      _Link_type
+      _Node_ptr
       _M_create_node(const value_type& __x)
       {
-       _Link_type __tmp = _M_get_node();
+       _Node_ptr __tmp = _M_get_node();
        _M_construct_node(__tmp, __x);
        return __tmp;
       }
 #else
       template<typename... _Args>
        void
-       _M_construct_node(_Link_type __node, _Args&&... __args)
+       _M_construct_node(_Node_ptr __node, _Args&&... __args)
        {
          __try
            {
-             ::new(__node) _Rb_tree_node<_Val>;
-             _Alloc_traits::construct(_M_get_Node_allocator(),
-                                      __node->_M_valptr(),
-                                      std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
+             ::new(std::addressof(*__node)) _Node;
+             _Node_alloc_traits::construct(_M_get_Node_allocator(),
+                                           __node->_M_valptr(),
+                                           std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
            }
          __catch(...)
            {
-             __node->~_Rb_tree_node<_Val>();
+             __node->~_Node();
              _M_put_node(__node);
              __throw_exception_again;
            }
        }
 
       template<typename... _Args>
-       _Link_type
+       _Node_ptr
        _M_create_node(_Args&&... __args)
        {
-         _Link_type __tmp = _M_get_node();
+         _Node_ptr __tmp = _M_get_node();
          _M_construct_node(__tmp, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
          return __tmp;
        }
 #endif
 
       void
-      _M_destroy_node(_Link_type __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      _M_destroy_node(_Node_ptr __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
        get_allocator().destroy(__p->_M_valptr());
 #else
-       _Alloc_traits::destroy(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __p->_M_valptr());
-       __p->~_Rb_tree_node<_Val>();
+       _Node_alloc_traits::destroy(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __p->_M_valptr());
+       __p->~_Node();
 #endif
       }
 
       void
-      _M_drop_node(_Link_type __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      _M_drop_node(_Node_ptr __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
        _M_destroy_node(__p);
        _M_put_node(__p);
       }
 
       template<bool _MoveValue, typename _NodeGen>
-       _Link_type
-       _M_clone_node(_Link_type __x, _NodeGen& __node_gen)
+       _Node_ptr
+       _M_clone_node(_Node_ptr __x, _NodeGen& __node_gen)
        {
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
          using _Vp = __conditional_t<_MoveValue,
                                      value_type&&,
                                      const value_type&>;
 #endif
-         _Link_type __tmp
+         _Node_ptr __tmp
            = __node_gen(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Vp, *__x->_M_valptr()));
          __tmp->_M_color = __x->_M_color;
-         __tmp->_M_left = 0;
-         __tmp->_M_right = 0;
+         __tmp->_M_left = __tmp->_M_right = _Base_ptr();
          return __tmp;
        }
 
     protected:
+      typedef typename _Node_traits::_Header_t         _Header_t;
+
 #if _GLIBCXX_INLINE_VERSION
       template<typename _Key_compare>
 #else
@@ -660,7 +1303,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        struct _Rb_tree_impl
        : public _Node_allocator
        , public _Rb_tree_key_compare<_Key_compare>
-       , public _Rb_tree_header
+       , public _Header_t
        {
          typedef _Rb_tree_key_compare<_Key_compare> _Base_key_compare;
 
@@ -672,9 +1315,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          { }
 
          _Rb_tree_impl(const _Rb_tree_impl& __x)
-         : _Node_allocator(_Alloc_traits::_S_select_on_copy(__x))
+         : _Node_allocator(_Node_alloc_traits::_S_select_on_copy(__x))
          , _Base_key_compare(__x._M_key_compare)
-         , _Rb_tree_header()
+         , _Header_t()
          { }
 
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
@@ -694,7 +1337,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          _Rb_tree_impl(_Rb_tree_impl&& __x, _Node_allocator&& __a)
          : _Node_allocator(std::move(__a)),
            _Base_key_compare(std::move(__x)),
-           _Rb_tree_header(std::move(__x))
+           _Header_t(std::move(__x))
          { }
 
          _Rb_tree_impl(const _Key_compare& __comp, _Node_allocator&& __a)
@@ -710,7 +1353,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _M_root() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent; }
 
-      _Const_Base_ptr
+      _Base_ptr
       _M_root() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent; }
 
@@ -718,7 +1361,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _M_leftmost() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_left; }
 
-      _Const_Base_ptr
+      _Base_ptr
       _M_leftmost() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_left; }
 
@@ -726,35 +1369,29 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _M_rightmost() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_right; }
 
-      _Const_Base_ptr
+      _Base_ptr
       _M_rightmost() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_right; }
 
-      _Link_type
-      _M_mbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Link_type>(this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent); }
-
-      _Link_type
-      _M_begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _M_mbegin(); }
-
-      _Const_Link_type
+      _Base_ptr
       _M_begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent; }
+
+      _Node_ptr
+      _M_begin_node() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-       return static_cast<_Const_Link_type>
-         (this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent);
+       _Base_ptr __begin = this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent;
+       return __begin
+         ? static_cast<_Node&>(*__begin)._M_node_ptr()
+         : _Node_ptr();
       }
 
       _Base_ptr
-      _M_end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return &this->_M_impl._M_header; }
-
-      _Const_Base_ptr
       _M_end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return &this->_M_impl._M_header; }
+      { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_base_ptr(); }
 
       static const _Key&
-      _S_key(_Const_Link_type __x)
+      _S_key(const _Node& __node)
       {
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
        // If we're asking for the key we're presumably using the comparison
@@ -772,48 +1409,44 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 # endif // C++17
 #endif // C++11
 
-       return _KeyOfValue()(*__x->_M_valptr());
+       return _KeyOfValue()(*__node._M_valptr());
       }
 
-      static _Link_type
-      _S_left(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Link_type>(__x->_M_left); }
-
-      static _Const_Link_type
-      _S_left(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Const_Link_type>(__x->_M_left); }
-
-      static _Link_type
-      _S_right(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Link_type>(__x->_M_right); }
-
-      static _Const_Link_type
-      _S_right(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Const_Link_type>(__x->_M_right); }
+      static const _Key&
+      _S_key(_Base_ptr __x)
+      { return _S_key(static_cast<const _Node&>(*__x)); }
 
       static const _Key&
-      _S_key(_Const_Base_ptr __x)
-      { return _S_key(static_cast<_Const_Link_type>(__x)); }
+      _S_key(_Node_ptr __x)
+      { return _S_key(*__x); }
 
       static _Base_ptr
-      _S_minimum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_minimum(__x); }
+      _S_left(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return __x->_M_left; }
 
-      static _Const_Base_ptr
-      _S_minimum(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_minimum(__x); }
+      static _Node_ptr
+      _S_left(_Node_ptr __x)
+      {
+       return __x->_M_left
+         ? static_cast<_Node&>(*__x->_M_left)._M_node_ptr()
+         : _Node_ptr();
+      }
 
       static _Base_ptr
-      _S_maximum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_maximum(__x); }
+      _S_right(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return __x->_M_right; }
 
-      static _Const_Base_ptr
-      _S_maximum(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_maximum(__x); }
+      static _Node_ptr
+      _S_right(_Node_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       return __x->_M_right
+         ? static_cast<_Node&>(*__x->_M_right)._M_node_ptr()
+         : _Node_ptr();
+      }
 
     public:
-      typedef _Rb_tree_iterator<value_type>       iterator;
-      typedef _Rb_tree_const_iterator<value_type> const_iterator;
+      typedef typename _Node_traits::_Iterator         iterator;
+      typedef typename _Node_traits::_Const_iterator   const_iterator;
 
       typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>       reverse_iterator;
       typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
@@ -846,7 +1479,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        _M_insert_(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y, _Arg&& __v, _NodeGen&);
 
       iterator
-      _M_insert_node(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y, _Link_type __z);
+      _M_insert_node(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y, _Node_ptr __z);
 
       template<typename _Arg>
        iterator
@@ -857,10 +1490,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        _M_insert_equal_lower(_Arg&& __x);
 
       iterator
-      _M_insert_lower_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Link_type __z);
+      _M_insert_lower_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Node_ptr __z);
 
       iterator
-      _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_Link_type __z);
+      _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_Node_ptr __z);
 #else
       template<typename _NodeGen>
        iterator
@@ -879,22 +1512,22 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       enum { __as_lvalue, __as_rvalue };
 
       template<bool _MoveValues, typename _NodeGen>
-       _Link_type
-       _M_copy(_Link_type, _Base_ptr, _NodeGen&);
+       _Base_ptr
+       _M_copy(_Node_ptr, _Base_ptr, _NodeGen&);
 
       template<bool _MoveValues, typename _NodeGen>
-       _Link_type
+       _Base_ptr
        _M_copy(const _Rb_tree& __x, _NodeGen& __gen)
        {
-         _Link_type __root =
-           _M_copy<_MoveValues>(__x._M_mbegin(), _M_end(), __gen);
-         _M_leftmost() = _S_minimum(__root);
-         _M_rightmost() = _S_maximum(__root);
+         _Base_ptr __root =
+           _M_copy<_MoveValues>(__x._M_begin_node(), _M_end(), __gen);
+         _M_leftmost() = _Node_base::_S_minimum(__root);
+         _M_rightmost() = _Node_base::_S_maximum(__root);
          _M_impl._M_node_count = __x._M_impl._M_node_count;
          return __root;
        }
 
-      _Link_type
+      _Base_ptr
       _M_copy(const _Rb_tree& __x)
       {
        _Alloc_node __an(*this);
@@ -902,22 +1535,14 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       }
 
       void
-      _M_erase(_Link_type __x);
-
-      iterator
-      _M_lower_bound(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __y,
-                    const _Key& __k);
+      _M_erase(_Node_ptr __x);
 
-      const_iterator
-      _M_lower_bound(_Const_Link_type __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
+      _Base_ptr
+      _M_lower_bound(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y,
                     const _Key& __k) const;
 
-      iterator
-      _M_upper_bound(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __y,
-                    const _Key& __k);
-
-      const_iterator
-      _M_upper_bound(_Const_Link_type __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
+      _Base_ptr
+      _M_upper_bound(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y,
                     const _Key& __k) const;
 
     public:
@@ -935,7 +1560,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Rb_tree(const _Rb_tree& __x)
       : _M_impl(__x._M_impl)
       {
-       if (__x._M_root() != 0)
+       if (__x._M_root())
          _M_root() = _M_copy(__x);
       }
 
@@ -947,7 +1572,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Rb_tree(const _Rb_tree& __x, const allocator_type& __a)
       : _M_impl(__x._M_impl._M_key_compare, _Node_allocator(__a))
       {
-       if (__x._M_root() != nullptr)
+       if (__x._M_root())
          _M_root() = _M_copy(__x);
       }
 
@@ -966,7 +1591,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Rb_tree(_Rb_tree&& __x, _Node_allocator&& __a, false_type)
       : _M_impl(__x._M_impl._M_key_compare, std::move(__a))
       {
-       if (__x._M_root() != nullptr)
+       if (__x._M_root())
          _M_move_data(__x, false_type{});
       }
 
@@ -974,14 +1599,14 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Rb_tree(_Rb_tree&& __x, _Node_allocator&& __a)
       noexcept( noexcept(
        _Rb_tree(std::declval<_Rb_tree&&>(), std::declval<_Node_allocator&&>(),
-                std::declval<typename _Alloc_traits::is_always_equal>())) )
+                std::declval<typename _Node_alloc_traits::is_always_equal>())) 
)
       : _Rb_tree(std::move(__x), std::move(__a),
-                typename _Alloc_traits::is_always_equal{})
+                typename _Node_alloc_traits::is_always_equal{})
       { }
 #endif
 
       ~_Rb_tree() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { _M_erase(_M_begin()); }
+      { _M_erase(_M_begin_node()); }
 
       _Rb_tree&
       operator=(const _Rb_tree& __x);
@@ -1001,11 +1626,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
       iterator
       end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return iterator(&this->_M_impl._M_header); }
+      { return iterator(_M_end()); }
 
       const_iterator
       end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return const_iterator(&this->_M_impl._M_header); }
+      { return const_iterator(_M_end()); }
 
       reverse_iterator
       rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
@@ -1033,7 +1658,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
       size_type
       max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Alloc_traits::max_size(_M_get_Node_allocator()); }
+      { return _Node_alloc_traits::max_size(_M_get_Node_allocator()); }
 
       void
       swap(_Rb_tree& __t)
@@ -1194,7 +1819,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        const_iterator __result = __position;
        ++__result;
        _M_erase_aux(__position);
-       return __result._M_const_cast();
+       return iterator(__result._M_node);
       }
 
       // LWG 2059.
@@ -1235,7 +1860,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       erase(const_iterator __first, const_iterator __last)
       {
        _M_erase_aux(__first, __last);
-       return __last._M_const_cast();
+       return iterator(__last._M_node);
       }
 #else
       void
@@ -1250,7 +1875,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       void
       clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-       _M_erase(_M_begin());
+       _M_erase(_M_begin_node());
        _M_impl._M_reset();
       }
 
@@ -1266,19 +1891,25 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
       iterator
       lower_bound(const key_type& __k)
-      { return _M_lower_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k); }
+      { return iterator(_M_lower_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k)); }
 
       const_iterator
       lower_bound(const key_type& __k) const
-      { return _M_lower_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k); }
+      {
+       return const_iterator
+         (_M_lower_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k));
+      }
 
       iterator
       upper_bound(const key_type& __k)
-      { return _M_upper_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k); }
+      { return iterator(_M_upper_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k)); }
 
       const_iterator
       upper_bound(const key_type& __k) const
-      { return _M_upper_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k); }
+      {
+       return const_iterator
+         (_M_upper_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k));
+      }
 
       pair<iterator, iterator>
       equal_range(const key_type& __k);
@@ -1293,7 +1924,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        _M_find_tr(const _Kt& __k)
        {
          const _Rb_tree* __const_this = this;
-         return __const_this->_M_find_tr(__k)._M_const_cast();
+         return iterator(__const_this->_M_find_tr(__k)._M_node);
        }
 
       template<typename _Kt,
@@ -1301,7 +1932,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        const_iterator
        _M_find_tr(const _Kt& __k) const
        {
-         auto __j = _M_lower_bound_tr(__k);
+         const_iterator __j(_M_lower_bound_tr(__k));
          if (__j != end() && _M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__j._M_node)))
            __j = end();
          return __j;
@@ -1318,21 +1949,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
       template<typename _Kt,
               typename _Req = __has_is_transparent_t<_Compare, _Kt>>
-       iterator
-       _M_lower_bound_tr(const _Kt& __k)
-       {
-         const _Rb_tree* __const_this = this;
-         return __const_this->_M_lower_bound_tr(__k)._M_const_cast();
-       }
-
-      template<typename _Kt,
-              typename _Req = __has_is_transparent_t<_Compare, _Kt>>
-       const_iterator
+       _Base_ptr
        _M_lower_bound_tr(const _Kt& __k) const
        {
          auto __x = _M_begin();
          auto __y = _M_end();
-         while (__x != 0)
+         while (__x)
            if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), __k))
              {
                __y = __x;
@@ -1340,26 +1962,17 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
              }
            else
              __x = _S_right(__x);
-         return const_iterator(__y);
-       }
-
-      template<typename _Kt,
-              typename _Req = __has_is_transparent_t<_Compare, _Kt>>
-       iterator
-       _M_upper_bound_tr(const _Kt& __k)
-       {
-         const _Rb_tree* __const_this = this;
-         return __const_this->_M_upper_bound_tr(__k)._M_const_cast();
+         return __y;
        }
 
       template<typename _Kt,
               typename _Req = __has_is_transparent_t<_Compare, _Kt>>
-       const_iterator
+       _Base_ptr
        _M_upper_bound_tr(const _Kt& __k) const
        {
          auto __x = _M_begin();
          auto __y = _M_end();
-         while (__x != 0)
+         while (__x)
            if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x)))
              {
                __y = __x;
@@ -1367,7 +1980,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
              }
            else
              __x = _S_right(__x);
-         return const_iterator(__y);
+         return __y;
        }
 
       template<typename _Kt,
@@ -1377,7 +1990,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        {
          const _Rb_tree* __const_this = this;
          auto __ret = __const_this->_M_equal_range_tr(__k);
-         return { __ret.first._M_const_cast(), __ret.second._M_const_cast() };
+         return
+           { iterator(__ret.first._M_node), iterator(__ret.second._M_node) };
        }
 
       template<typename _Kt,
@@ -1385,7 +1999,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>
        _M_equal_range_tr(const _Kt& __k) const
        {
-         auto __low = _M_lower_bound_tr(__k);
+         const_iterator __low(_M_lower_bound_tr(__k));
          auto __high = __low;
          auto& __cmp = _M_impl._M_key_compare;
          while (__high != end() && !__cmp(__k, _S_key(__high._M_node)))
@@ -1401,7 +2015,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
       _Rb_tree&
       operator=(_Rb_tree&&)
-      noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move()
+      noexcept(_Node_alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move()
               && is_nothrow_move_assignable<_Compare>::value);
 
       template<typename _Iterator>
@@ -1434,6 +2048,23 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #endif
 
 #if __glibcxx_node_extract // >= C++17
+      static _Node_ptr
+      _S_adapt(typename _Node_alloc_traits::pointer __ptr)
+      {
+#if _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+       return __ptr;
+#else
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions" // if constexpr
+       using __alloc_ptr = typename _Node_alloc_traits::pointer;
+       if constexpr (is_same<_Node_ptr, __alloc_ptr>::value)
+         return __ptr;
+       else
+         return std::__to_address(__ptr);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+      }
+
     public:
       /// Re-insert an extracted node.
       insert_return_type
@@ -1450,7 +2081,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            if (__res.second)
              {
                __ret.position
-                 = _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second, __nh._M_ptr);
+                 = _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second,
+                                  _S_adapt(__nh._M_ptr));
                __nh.release();
                __ret.inserted = true;
              }
@@ -1476,9 +2108,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            __glibcxx_assert(_M_get_Node_allocator() == *__nh._M_alloc);
            auto __res = _M_get_insert_equal_pos(__nh._M_key());
            if (__res.second)
-             __ret = _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second, __nh._M_ptr);
+             __ret = _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second,
+                                    _S_adapt(__nh._M_ptr));
            else
-             __ret = _M_insert_equal_lower_node(__nh._M_ptr);
+             __ret = _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_S_adapt(__nh._M_ptr));
            __nh.release();
          }
        return __ret;
@@ -1497,7 +2130,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            auto __res = _M_get_insert_hint_unique_pos(__hint, __nh._M_key());
            if (__res.second)
              {
-               __ret = _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second, __nh._M_ptr);
+               __ret = _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second,
+                                      _S_adapt(__nh._M_ptr));
                __nh.release();
              }
            else
@@ -1518,9 +2152,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            __glibcxx_assert(_M_get_Node_allocator() == *__nh._M_alloc);
            auto __res = _M_get_insert_hint_equal_pos(__hint, __nh._M_key());
            if (__res.second)
-             __ret = _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second, __nh._M_ptr);
+             __ret = _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second,
+                                    _S_adapt(__nh._M_ptr));
            else
-             __ret = _M_insert_equal_lower_node(__nh._M_ptr);
+             __ret = _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_S_adapt(__nh._M_ptr));
            __nh.release();
          }
        return __ret;
@@ -1530,10 +2165,25 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       node_type
       extract(const_iterator __pos)
       {
-       auto __ptr = _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(
-           __pos._M_const_cast()._M_node, _M_impl._M_header);
+       auto __ptr = _Node_traits::_S_rebalance_for_erase
+         (__pos._M_node, _M_impl._M_header);
        --_M_impl._M_node_count;
-       return { static_cast<_Link_type>(__ptr), _M_get_Node_allocator() };
+       auto __node_ptr = static_cast<_Node&>(*__ptr)._M_node_ptr();
+#if _GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE
+       return { __node_ptr, _M_get_Node_allocator() };
+#else
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions" // if constexpr
+       using __alloc_ptr = typename _Node_alloc_traits::pointer;
+       if constexpr (is_same<_Node_ptr, __alloc_ptr>::value)
+         return { __node_ptr, _M_get_Node_allocator() };
+       else
+         {
+           auto __ap = pointer_traits<__alloc_ptr>::pointer_to(*__node_ptr);
+           return { __ap, _M_get_Node_allocator() };
+         }
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
       }
 
       /// Extract a node.
@@ -1567,11 +2217,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
              if (__res.second)
                {
                  auto& __src_impl = _Merge_helper::_S_get_impl(__src);
-                 auto __ptr = _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(
-                     __pos._M_node, __src_impl._M_header);
+                 auto __ptr = _Node_traits::_S_rebalance_for_erase
+                   (__pos._M_node, __src_impl._M_header);
                  --__src_impl._M_node_count;
-                 _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second,
-                                static_cast<_Link_type>(__ptr));
+                 auto __node_ptr = static_cast<_Node&>(*__ptr)._M_node_ptr();
+                 _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second, __node_ptr);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -1589,11 +2239,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
              if (__res.second)
                {
                  auto& __src_impl = _Merge_helper::_S_get_impl(__src);
-                 auto __ptr = _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(
-                     __pos._M_node, __src_impl._M_header);
+                 auto __ptr = _Node_traits::_S_rebalance_for_erase
+                   (__pos._M_node, __src_impl._M_header);
                  --__src_impl._M_node_count;
-                 _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second,
-                                static_cast<_Link_type>(__ptr));
+                 auto __node_ptr = static_cast<_Node&>(*__ptr)._M_node_ptr();
+                 _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second, __node_ptr);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -1666,7 +2316,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        }
 
        _Rb_tree& _M_t;
-       _Link_type _M_node;
+       _Node_ptr _M_node;
       };
 #endif // C++11
     };
@@ -1704,7 +2354,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_move_assign(_Rb_tree& __x, true_type)
     {
       clear();
-      if (__x._M_root() != nullptr)
+      if (__x._M_root())
        _M_move_data(__x, true_type());
       std::__alloc_on_move(_M_get_Node_allocator(),
                           __x._M_get_Node_allocator());
@@ -1723,7 +2373,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       // structure.
       _Reuse_or_alloc_node __roan(*this);
       _M_impl._M_reset();
-      if (__x._M_root() != nullptr)
+      if (__x._M_root())
        {
          _M_root() = _M_copy<__as_rvalue>(__x, __roan);
          __x.clear();
@@ -1735,11 +2385,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     inline _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>&
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     operator=(_Rb_tree&& __x)
-    noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move()
+    noexcept(_Node_alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move()
             && is_nothrow_move_assignable<_Compare>::value)
     {
       _M_impl._M_key_compare = std::move(__x._M_impl._M_key_compare);
-      _M_move_assign(__x, __bool_constant<_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move()>());
+      _M_move_assign(__x,
+                    __bool_constant<_Node_alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move()>());
       return *this;
     }
 
@@ -1780,11 +2431,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        {
          // Note that _Key may be a constant type.
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
-         if (_Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_copy_assign())
+         if (_Node_alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_copy_assign())
            {
              auto& __this_alloc = this->_M_get_Node_allocator();
              auto& __that_alloc = __x._M_get_Node_allocator();
-             if (!_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
+             if (!_Node_alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
                  && __this_alloc != __that_alloc)
                {
                  // Replacement allocator cannot free existing storage, we need
@@ -1798,7 +2449,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          _Reuse_or_alloc_node __roan(*this);
          _M_impl._M_reset();
          _M_impl._M_key_compare = __x._M_impl._M_key_compare;
-         if (__x._M_root() != 0)
+         if (__x._M_root())
            _M_root() = _M_copy<__as_lvalue>(__x, __roan);
        }
 
@@ -1822,14 +2473,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #endif
                 _NodeGen& __node_gen)
       {
-       bool __insert_left = (__x != 0 || __p == _M_end()
+       bool __insert_left = (__x || __p == _M_end()
                              || _M_impl._M_key_compare(_KeyOfValue()(__v),
                                                        _S_key(__p)));
 
-       _Link_type __z = __node_gen(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __v));
+       _Base_ptr __z =
+         __node_gen(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __v))->_M_base_ptr();
 
-       _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
-                                     this->_M_impl._M_header);
+       _Node_traits::_S_insert_and_rebalance
+         (__insert_left, __z, __p, this->_M_impl._M_header);
        ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
        return iterator(__z);
       }
@@ -1851,10 +2503,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
                            || !_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__p),
                                                       _KeyOfValue()(__v)));
 
-      _Link_type __z = _M_create_node(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __v));
-
-      _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
-                                   this->_M_impl._M_header);
+      _Base_ptr __z =
+       _M_create_node(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __v))->_M_base_ptr();
+      _Node_traits::_S_insert_and_rebalance
+       (__insert_left, __z, __p, this->_M_impl._M_header);
       ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
       return iterator(__z);
     }
@@ -1872,9 +2524,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_insert_equal_lower(const _Val& __v)
 #endif
     {
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          __y = __x;
          __x = !_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), _KeyOfValue()(__v)) ?
@@ -1886,25 +2538,27 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KoV,
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     template<bool _MoveValues, typename _NodeGen>
-      typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KoV, _Compare, _Alloc>::_Link_type
+      typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KoV, _Compare, _Alloc>::_Base_ptr
       _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KoV, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-      _M_copy(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __p, _NodeGen& __node_gen)
+      _M_copy(_Node_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __p, _NodeGen& __node_gen)
       {
        // Structural copy. __x and __p must be non-null.
-       _Link_type __top = _M_clone_node<_MoveValues>(__x, __node_gen);
+       _Node_ptr __top = _M_clone_node<_MoveValues>(__x, __node_gen);
+       _Base_ptr __top_base = __top->_M_base_ptr();
        __top->_M_parent = __p;
 
        __try
          {
            if (__x->_M_right)
              __top->_M_right =
-               _M_copy<_MoveValues>(_S_right(__x), __top, __node_gen);
-           __p = __top;
+               _M_copy<_MoveValues>(_S_right(__x), __top_base, __node_gen);
+           __p = __top_base;
            __x = _S_left(__x);
 
-           while (__x != 0)
+           while (__x)
              {
-               _Link_type __y = _M_clone_node<_MoveValues>(__x, __node_gen);
+               _Base_ptr __y =
+                 _M_clone_node<_MoveValues>(__x, __node_gen)->_M_base_ptr();
                __p->_M_left = __y;
                __y->_M_parent = __p;
                if (__x->_M_right)
@@ -1919,20 +2573,20 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            _M_erase(__top);
            __throw_exception_again;
          }
-       return __top;
+       return __top_base;
       }
 
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     void
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_erase(_Link_type __x)
+    _M_erase(_Node_ptr __x)
     {
       // Erase without rebalancing.
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          _M_erase(_S_right(__x));
-         _Link_type __y = _S_left(__x);
+         _Node_ptr __y = _S_left(__x);
          _M_drop_node(__x);
          __x = __y;
        }
@@ -1941,65 +2595,33 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
-                     _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator
-    _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_lower_bound(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __y,
-                  const _Key& __k)
-    {
-      while (__x != 0)
-       if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), __k))
-         __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
-       else
-         __x = _S_right(__x);
-      return iterator(__y);
-    }
-
-  template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
-          typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
-    typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
-                     _Compare, _Alloc>::const_iterator
+                     _Compare, _Alloc>::_Base_ptr
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_lower_bound(_Const_Link_type __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
+    _M_lower_bound(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y,
                   const _Key& __k) const
     {
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), __k))
          __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
        else
          __x = _S_right(__x);
-      return const_iterator(__y);
+      return __y;
     }
 
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
-                     _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator
+                     _Compare, _Alloc>::_Base_ptr
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_upper_bound(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __y,
-                  const _Key& __k)
-    {
-      while (__x != 0)
-       if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x)))
-         __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
-       else
-         __x = _S_right(__x);
-      return iterator(__y);
-    }
-
-  template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
-          typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
-    typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
-                     _Compare, _Alloc>::const_iterator
-    _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_upper_bound(_Const_Link_type __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
+    _M_upper_bound(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y,
                   const _Key& __k) const
     {
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x)))
          __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
        else
          __x = _S_right(__x);
-      return const_iterator(__y);
+      return __y;
     }
 
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
@@ -2011,9 +2633,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     equal_range(const _Key& __k)
     {
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), __k))
            __x = _S_right(__x);
@@ -2021,13 +2643,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
          else
            {
-             _Link_type __xu(__x);
+             _Base_ptr __xu(__x);
              _Base_ptr __yu(__y);
              __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
              __xu = _S_right(__xu);
-             return pair<iterator,
-                         iterator>(_M_lower_bound(__x, __y, __k),
-                                   _M_upper_bound(__xu, __yu, __k));
+             return make_pair(iterator(_M_lower_bound(__x, __y, __k)),
+                              iterator(_M_upper_bound(__xu, __yu, __k)));
            }
        }
       return pair<iterator, iterator>(iterator(__y),
@@ -2043,9 +2664,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     equal_range(const _Key& __k) const
     {
-      _Const_Link_type __x = _M_begin();
-      _Const_Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
-      while (__x != 0)
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
+      while (__x)
        {
          if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), __k))
            __x = _S_right(__x);
@@ -2053,13 +2674,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
          else
            {
-             _Const_Link_type __xu(__x);
-             _Const_Base_ptr __yu(__y);
+             _Base_ptr __xu(__x);
+             _Base_ptr __yu(__y);
              __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
              __xu = _S_right(__xu);
-             return pair<const_iterator,
-                         const_iterator>(_M_lower_bound(__x, __y, __k),
-                                         _M_upper_bound(__xu, __yu, __k));
+             return make_pair(const_iterator(_M_lower_bound(__x, __y, __k)),
+                              const_iterator(_M_upper_bound(__xu, __yu, __k)));
            }
        }
       return pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>(const_iterator(__y),
@@ -2073,12 +2693,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     swap(_Rb_tree& __t)
     _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT_IF(__is_nothrow_swappable<_Compare>::value)
     {
-      if (_M_root() == 0)
+      if (!_M_root())
        {
-         if (__t._M_root() != 0)
+         if (__t._M_root())
            _M_impl._M_move_data(__t._M_impl);
        }
-      else if (__t._M_root() == 0)
+      else if (!__t._M_root())
        __t._M_impl._M_move_data(_M_impl);
       else
        {
@@ -2093,8 +2713,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       // No need to swap header's color as it does not change.
       std::swap(this->_M_impl._M_key_compare, __t._M_impl._M_key_compare);
 
-      _Alloc_traits::_S_on_swap(_M_get_Node_allocator(),
-                               __t._M_get_Node_allocator());
+      _Node_alloc_traits::_S_on_swap(_M_get_Node_allocator(),
+                                    __t._M_get_Node_allocator());
     }
 
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
@@ -2107,10 +2727,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_get_insert_unique_pos(const key_type& __k)
     {
       typedef pair<_Base_ptr, _Base_ptr> _Res;
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
       bool __comp = true;
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          __y = __x;
          __comp = _M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x));
@@ -2126,7 +2746,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        }
       if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__j._M_node), __k))
        return _Res(__x, __y);
-      return _Res(__j._M_node, 0);
+      return _Res(__j._M_node, _Base_ptr());
     }
 
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
@@ -2139,9 +2759,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_get_insert_equal_pos(const key_type& __k)
     {
       typedef pair<_Base_ptr, _Base_ptr> _Res;
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          __y = __x;
          __x = _M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x)) ?
@@ -2209,44 +2829,43 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_get_insert_hint_unique_pos(const_iterator __position,
                                  const key_type& __k)
     {
-      iterator __pos = __position._M_const_cast();
       typedef pair<_Base_ptr, _Base_ptr> _Res;
 
       // end()
-      if (__pos._M_node == _M_end())
+      if (__position._M_node == _M_end())
        {
          if (size() > 0
              && _M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(_M_rightmost()), __k))
-           return _Res(0, _M_rightmost());
+           return _Res(_Base_ptr(), _M_rightmost());
          else
            return _M_get_insert_unique_pos(__k);
        }
-      else if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__pos._M_node)))
+      else if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__position._M_node)))
        {
          // First, try before...
-         iterator __before = __pos;
-         if (__pos._M_node == _M_leftmost()) // begin()
+         iterator __before(__position._M_node);
+         if (__position._M_node == _M_leftmost()) // begin()
            return _Res(_M_leftmost(), _M_leftmost());
          else if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key((--__before)._M_node), __k))
            {
-             if (_S_right(__before._M_node) == 0)
-               return _Res(0, __before._M_node);
+             if (!_S_right(__before._M_node))
+               return _Res(_Base_ptr(), __before._M_node);
              else
-               return _Res(__pos._M_node, __pos._M_node);
+               return _Res(__position._M_node, __position._M_node);
            }
          else
            return _M_get_insert_unique_pos(__k);
        }
-      else if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__pos._M_node), __k))
+      else if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__position._M_node), __k))
        {
          // ... then try after.
-         iterator __after = __pos;
-         if (__pos._M_node == _M_rightmost())
-           return _Res(0, _M_rightmost());
+         iterator __after(__position._M_node);
+         if (__position._M_node == _M_rightmost())
+           return _Res(_Base_ptr(), _M_rightmost());
          else if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key((++__after)._M_node)))
            {
-             if (_S_right(__pos._M_node) == 0)
-               return _Res(0, __pos._M_node);
+             if (!_S_right(__position._M_node))
+               return _Res(_Base_ptr(), __position._M_node);
              else
                return _Res(__after._M_node, __after._M_node);
            }
@@ -2255,7 +2874,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        }
       else
        // Equivalent keys.
-       return _Res(__pos._M_node, 0);
+       return _Res(__position._M_node, _Base_ptr());
     }
 
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
@@ -2294,30 +2913,29 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     _M_get_insert_hint_equal_pos(const_iterator __position, const key_type& 
__k)
     {
-      iterator __pos = __position._M_const_cast();
       typedef pair<_Base_ptr, _Base_ptr> _Res;
 
       // end()
-      if (__pos._M_node == _M_end())
+      if (__position._M_node == _M_end())
        {
          if (size() > 0
              && !_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(_M_rightmost())))
-           return _Res(0, _M_rightmost());
+           return _Res(_Base_ptr(), _M_rightmost());
          else
            return _M_get_insert_equal_pos(__k);
        }
-      else if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__pos._M_node), __k))
+      else if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__position._M_node), __k))
        {
          // First, try before...
-         iterator __before = __pos;
-         if (__pos._M_node == _M_leftmost()) // begin()
+         iterator __before(__position._M_node);
+         if (__position._M_node == _M_leftmost()) // begin()
            return _Res(_M_leftmost(), _M_leftmost());
          else if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key((--__before)._M_node)))
            {
-             if (_S_right(__before._M_node) == 0)
-               return _Res(0, __before._M_node);
+             if (!_S_right(__before._M_node))
+               return _Res(_Base_ptr(), __before._M_node);
              else
-               return _Res(__pos._M_node, __pos._M_node);
+               return _Res(__position._M_node, __position._M_node);
            }
          else
            return _M_get_insert_equal_pos(__k);
@@ -2325,18 +2943,18 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       else
        {
          // ... then try after.
-         iterator __after = __pos;
-         if (__pos._M_node == _M_rightmost())
-           return _Res(0, _M_rightmost());
+         iterator __after(__position._M_node);
+         if (__position._M_node == _M_rightmost())
+           return _Res(_Base_ptr(), _M_rightmost());
          else if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key((++__after)._M_node), __k))
            {
-             if (_S_right(__pos._M_node) == 0)
-               return _Res(0, __pos._M_node);
+             if (!_S_right(__position._M_node))
+               return _Res(_Base_ptr(), __position._M_node);
              else
                return _Res(__after._M_node, __after._M_node);
            }
          else
-           return _Res(0, 0);
+           return _Res(_Base_ptr(), _Base_ptr());
        }
     }
 
@@ -2373,46 +2991,48 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     auto
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_insert_node(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __p, _Link_type __z)
+    _M_insert_node(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __p, _Node_ptr __z)
     -> iterator
     {
-      bool __insert_left = (__x != 0 || __p == _M_end()
+      bool __insert_left = (__x || __p == _M_end()
                            || _M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__z),
                                                      _S_key(__p)));
 
-      _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
-                                   this->_M_impl._M_header);
+      _Base_ptr __base_z = __z->_M_base_ptr();
+      _Node_traits::_S_insert_and_rebalance
+       (__insert_left, __base_z, __p, this->_M_impl._M_header);
       ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
-      return iterator(__z);
+      return iterator(__base_z);
     }
 
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     auto
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_insert_lower_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Link_type __z)
+    _M_insert_lower_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Node_ptr __z)
     -> iterator
     {
       bool __insert_left = (__p == _M_end()
                            || !_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__p),
                                                       _S_key(__z)));
 
-      _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
-                                   this->_M_impl._M_header);
+      _Base_ptr __base_z = __z->_M_base_ptr();
+      _Node_traits::_S_insert_and_rebalance
+       (__insert_left, __base_z, __p, this->_M_impl._M_header);
       ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
-      return iterator(__z);
+      return iterator(__base_z);
     }
 
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KeyOfValue,
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     auto
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_Link_type __z)
+    _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_Node_ptr __z)
     -> iterator
     {
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          __y = __x;
          __x = !_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), _S_key(__z)) ?
@@ -2487,11 +3107,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     _M_erase_aux(const_iterator __position)
     {
-      _Link_type __y =
-       static_cast<_Link_type>(_Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase
-                               (const_cast<_Base_ptr>(__position._M_node),
-                                this->_M_impl._M_header));
-      _M_drop_node(__y);
+      _Base_ptr __y = _Node_traits::_S_rebalance_for_erase
+       (__position._M_node, this->_M_impl._M_header);
+      _M_drop_node(static_cast<_Node&>(*__y)._M_node_ptr());
       --_M_impl._M_node_count;
     }
 
@@ -2527,7 +3145,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     find(const _Key& __k)
     {
-      iterator __j = _M_lower_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k);
+      iterator __j(_M_lower_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k));
       return (__j == end()
              || _M_impl._M_key_compare(__k,
                                        _S_key(__j._M_node))) ? end() : __j;
@@ -2540,7 +3158,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     find(const _Key& __k) const
     {
-      const_iterator __j = _M_lower_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k);
+      const_iterator __j(_M_lower_bound(_M_begin(), _M_end(), __k));
       return (__j == end()
              || _M_impl._M_key_compare(__k,
                                        _S_key(__j._M_node))) ? end() : __j;
@@ -2574,9 +3192,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       unsigned int __len = _Rb_tree_black_count(_M_leftmost(), _M_root());
       for (const_iterator __it = begin(); __it != end(); ++__it)
        {
-         _Const_Link_type __x = static_cast<_Const_Link_type>(__it._M_node);
-         _Const_Link_type __L = _S_left(__x);
-         _Const_Link_type __R = _S_right(__x);
+         _Base_ptr __x = __it._M_node;
+         _Base_ptr __L = _S_left(__x);
+         _Base_ptr __R = _S_right(__x);
 
          if (__x->_M_color == _S_red)
            if ((__L && __L->_M_color == _S_red)
@@ -2592,9 +3210,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            return false;
        }
 
-      if (_M_leftmost() != _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_minimum(_M_root()))
+      if (_M_leftmost() != _Node_base::_S_minimum(_M_root()))
        return false;
-      if (_M_rightmost() != _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_maximum(_M_root()))
+      if (_M_rightmost() != _Node_base::_S_maximum(_M_root()))
        return false;
       return true;
     }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/map/allocator/ext_ptr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/map/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d83738f86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/map/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+struct T { int i; };
+
+bool operator<(const T& l, const T& r)
+{ return l.i < r.i; }
+
+struct L : std::less<T>
+{ };
+
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+
+template class std::map<T, int, L,
+                       CustomPointerAlloc<std::pair<const T, int>>>;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef CustomPointerAlloc<std::pair<const T, int>> alloc_type;
+  typedef std::map<T, int, L, alloc_type> test_type;
+  test_type v;
+  v.insert({ T(), 0 });
+  VERIFY( v.begin()->second == 0 );
+  VERIFY( ++v.begin() == v.end() );
+  v.insert({ T { 1 }, 1 });
+  VERIFY( v.size() == 2 );
+  VERIFY( v.find(T()) != v.end() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multimap/allocator/ext_ptr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multimap/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41689ef43b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multimap/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+struct T { int i; };
+
+bool operator<(const T& l, const T& r)
+{ return l.i < r.i; }
+
+struct L : std::less<T>
+{ };
+
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+
+template class std::multimap<T, int, L,
+                       CustomPointerAlloc<std::pair<const T, int>>>;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef CustomPointerAlloc<std::pair<const T, int>> alloc_type;
+  typedef std::multimap<T, int, L, alloc_type> test_type;
+  test_type v;
+  v.insert({ T(), 0 });
+  VERIFY( ++v.begin() == v.end() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multiset/allocator/ext_ptr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multiset/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..589e6b0a617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multiset/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <set>
+#include <memory>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+struct T { int i; };
+
+bool operator<(const T& l, const T& r)
+{ return l.i < r.i; }
+
+struct L : std::less<T>
+{ };
+
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+
+template class std::multiset<T, L, CustomPointerAlloc<T>>;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef CustomPointerAlloc<T> alloc_type;
+  typedef std::multiset<T, L, alloc_type> test_type;
+  test_type v;
+  v.insert(T());
+  VERIFY( ++v.begin() == v.end() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/allocator/ext_ptr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbcf32b20be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <set>
+#include <memory>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+struct T { int i; };
+
+bool operator<(const T& l, const T& r)
+{ return l.i < r.i; }
+
+struct L : std::less<T>
+{ };
+
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+
+template class std::set<T, L, CustomPointerAlloc<T>>;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef CustomPointerAlloc<T> alloc_type;
+  typedef std::set<T, L, alloc_type> test_type;
+  test_type v;
+  v.insert(T());
+  VERIFY( ++v.begin() == v.end() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git 
a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/requirements/explicit_instantiation/alloc_ptr.cc
 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/requirements/explicit_instantiation/alloc_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..60b583a9b2b
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/requirements/explicit_instantiation/alloc_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <set>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+// An allocator that uses __gnu_cxx::_Pointer_adapter as its pointer type.
+template class std::set<int, std::less<int>,
+                       __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc<int>>;
+
+// Unlike __gnu_cxx::_Pointer_adapter, this fancy pointer supports neither
+// implicit nor explicit conversions from raw pointers. The constructor from
+// a raw pointer is explicit and requires a second parameter. The only way for
+// containers to construct one of these pointers is pointer_traits::pointer_to.
+template<typename T>
+struct Pointer : __gnu_test::PointerBase<Pointer<T>, T>
+{
+  using Base = __gnu_test::PointerBase<Pointer<T>, T>;
+
+  Pointer() = default;
+  Pointer(std::nullptr_t) : Base() { }
+  explicit Pointer(T* p, int) : Base(p) { }
+
+  // Allow conversions to const_pointer and to void_pointer
+  template<typename U, typename = typename std::enable_if<
+    (!std::is_const<U>::value && std::is_same<T, const U>::value)
+    || (std::is_void<T>::value && std::is_convertible<U*, T*>::value)
+    >::type>
+    Pointer(const Pointer<U>& p) : Base(p.operator->()) { }
+
+  template<typename U>
+    static typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<U, T>::value, Pointer>::type
+    pointer_to(U& t)
+    { return Pointer(std::addressof(t), 1); }
+};
+
+// A minimal allocator that uses Pointer as its pointer type.
+template<typename T>
+struct Allocator
+{
+  using value_type = T;
+  using pointer = Pointer<T>;
+
+  Allocator() = default;
+  template<typename U>
+    Allocator(const Allocator<U>&) { }
+
+  pointer allocate(std::size_t n)
+  { return pointer(std::allocator<T>().allocate(n), 1); }
+
+  void deallocate(pointer p, std::size_t n)
+  {
+    std::allocator<T>().deallocate(p.operator->(), n);
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const Allocator&) const { return true; }
+  bool operator!=(const Allocator&) const { return false; }
+};
+
+template class std::set<int, std::less<int>, Allocator<int>>;
+
+#include <testsuite_iterators.h>
+
+void
+test_template_members(__gnu_test::input_container<short>& c)
+{
+  // Use member functions that are not included in explicit instantiations.
+  std::set<int, std::less<int>, Allocator<int>> s(c.begin(), c.end());
+  s.emplace(1);
+  s.emplace_hint(s.begin(), 1);
+  s.insert(c.begin(), c.end());
+
+  std::set<int, std::greater<int>, Allocator<int>> s1;
+  s.merge(s1);
+  std::multiset<int, std::greater<int>, Allocator<int>> m1;
+  s.merge(m1);
+
+#ifdef __glibcxx_ranges_to_container
+  short arr[2];
+  __gnu_test::test_input_range<short> r(arr);
+  std::set<int, std::less<int>, Allocator<int>> s2(std::from_range, r);
+  s2.assign_range(r);
+  s2.prepend_range(r);
+  s2.append_range(r);
+  s2.insert_range(s2.begin(), r);
+#endif
+}
diff --git 
a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/requirements/explicit_instantiation/alloc_ptr_ignored.cc
 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/requirements/explicit_instantiation/alloc_ptr_ignored.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fa06cf8f3a2
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/requirements/explicit_instantiation/alloc_ptr_ignored.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// { dg-options "-D_GLIBCXX_USE_ALLOC_PTR_FOR_RB_TREE=0" }
+// { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
+
+#include "alloc_ptr.cc"

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