Hi

Here is a proposal to add fancy pointer support in std::_Rb_tree container.

As you'll see there are still several usages of pointer_traits<>::pointer_to. The ones in _M_header_ptr() are unavoidable. The ones to extract a node or to return a node to the allocator are more questionable. Are they fine ? Is there another way to mimic the static_cast<_Link_type> that can be done on raw pointers with fancy pointers ?

A solution to this (potential) issue would be to:

1. Store _Node_type pointer in the data structure rather than _Node_base pointer. But then _Rb_tree_pheader _M_left/_M_right could not be initialized with a pointer to _M_parent which is only a _Node_base instance. We would then need to init it to nullptr but I haven't check impact on code and more importantly it would be an abi breaking change.

2. Still store _Node_type pointer in the data structure but then make _M_header a _Node_type instance. In this case memory area of the value_type would just be lost bytes.


    libstdc++: Add fancy pointer support in std::[multi][map/set]

    Support fancy allocator pointer type in std::_Rb_tree<>.

    In case of fancy pointer type the container is now storing the pointer to
    _Rb_tree_pnode<> as a pointer to _Rb_tree_pnode_base<>.

    Many methods are adapted to take and return _Base_ptr in place of _Link_type.

    libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

            * include/bits/stl_tree.h
            (_Rb_tree_pnode_base<>): New.
            (_Rb_tree_node_base): Inherit from latter.
            (_Rb_tree_pheader): New.
            (_Rb_tree_header): Inherit from latter.
            (_Rb_tree_node_val): New.
            (_Rb_tree_node): Inherit from latter.
            (_Rb_tree_pnode): New.
            (_Rb_tree_helpers): New.
            (_Rb_tree_piterator): New.
            (_Rb_tree_const_piterator): New.
            (_Rb_tree::_Node_base, _Rb_tree::_Node_type): New.
            (_Rb_tree): Adapt to generalize usage of _Base_ptr in place of _Link_type.             * testsuite/23_containers/map/allocator/ext_ptr.cc: New test case.             * testsuite/23_containers/multimap/allocator/ext_ptr.cc: New test case.             * testsuite/23_containers/multiset/allocator/ext_ptr.cc: New test case.             * testsuite/23_containers/set/allocator/ext_ptr.cc: New test case.

Tested under Linux x64.

François
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_tree.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_tree.h
index 978093fc587..804023b9e68 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_tree.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_tree.h
@@ -94,10 +94,20 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
   enum _Rb_tree_color { _S_red = false, _S_black = true };
 
-  struct _Rb_tree_node_base
+ template<typename _BasePtr, typename _BaseCPtr>
+    struct _Rb_tree_pnode_base
     {
-    typedef _Rb_tree_node_base* _Base_ptr;
-    typedef const _Rb_tree_node_base* _Const_Base_ptr;
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+      using _Base_ptr =
+       __conditional_t<is_pointer<_BasePtr>::value,
+       _BasePtr, __ptr_rebind<_BasePtr, _Rb_tree_pnode_base>>;
+      using _Const_Base_ptr =
+       __conditional_t<is_pointer<_BaseCPtr>::value,
+       _BaseCPtr, __ptr_rebind<_BaseCPtr, const _Rb_tree_pnode_base>>;
+#else
+      typedef _BasePtr _Base_ptr;
+      typedef _BaseCPtr        _Const_Base_ptr;
+#endif
 
       _Rb_tree_color   _M_color;
       _Base_ptr                _M_parent;
@@ -107,32 +117,36 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       static _Base_ptr
       _S_minimum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-      while (__x->_M_left != 0) __x = __x->_M_left;
+       while (__x->_M_left) __x = __x->_M_left;
        return __x;
       }
 
       static _Const_Base_ptr
       _S_minimum(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-      while (__x->_M_left != 0) __x = __x->_M_left;
+       while (__x->_M_left) __x = __x->_M_left;
        return __x;
       }
 
       static _Base_ptr
       _S_maximum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-      while (__x->_M_right != 0) __x = __x->_M_right;
+       while (__x->_M_right) __x = __x->_M_right;
        return __x;
       }
 
       static _Const_Base_ptr
       _S_maximum(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
-      while (__x->_M_right != 0) __x = __x->_M_right;
+       while (__x->_M_right) __x = __x->_M_right;
        return __x;
       }
     };
 
+  struct _Rb_tree_node_base
+    : _Rb_tree_pnode_base<_Rb_tree_node_base*, const _Rb_tree_node_base*>
+  { };
+
   // Helper type offering value initialization guarantee on the compare 
functor.
   template<typename _Key_compare>
     struct _Rb_tree_key_compare
@@ -161,21 +175,27 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     };
 
   // Helper type to manage default initialization of node count and header.
-  struct _Rb_tree_header
+  template<typename _NodeBase>
+    struct _Rb_tree_pheader
     {
-    _Rb_tree_node_base _M_header;
+    private:
+      typedef typename _NodeBase::_Base_ptr            _Base_ptr;
+      typedef typename _NodeBase::_Const_Base_ptr      _Const_Base_ptr;
+
+    public:
+      _NodeBase                _M_header;
       size_t           _M_node_count; // Keeps track of size of tree.
 
-    _Rb_tree_header() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      _Rb_tree_pheader() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
        _M_header._M_color = _S_red;
        _M_reset();
       }
 
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
-    _Rb_tree_header(_Rb_tree_header&& __x) noexcept
+      _Rb_tree_pheader(_Rb_tree_pheader&& __x) noexcept
       {
-      if (__x._M_header._M_parent != nullptr)
+       if (__x._M_header._M_parent)
          _M_move_data(__x);
        else
          {
@@ -186,13 +206,13 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #endif
 
       void
-    _M_move_data(_Rb_tree_header& __from)
+      _M_move_data(_Rb_tree_pheader& __from)
       {
        _M_header._M_color = __from._M_header._M_color;
        _M_header._M_parent = __from._M_header._M_parent;
        _M_header._M_left = __from._M_header._M_left;
        _M_header._M_right = __from._M_header._M_right;
-      _M_header._M_parent->_M_parent = &_M_header;
+       _M_header._M_parent->_M_parent = _M_header_ptr();
        _M_node_count = __from._M_node_count;
 
        __from._M_reset();
@@ -201,41 +221,89 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       void
       _M_reset()
       {
-      _M_header._M_parent = 0;
-      _M_header._M_left = &_M_header;
-      _M_header._M_right = &_M_header;
+       _M_header._M_parent = _Base_ptr();
+       _M_header._M_left = _M_header._M_right = _M_header_ptr();
        _M_node_count = 0;
       }
+
+      _Base_ptr
+      _M_header_ptr()
+      {
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+       using __base_ptr_traits = std::pointer_traits<_Base_ptr>;
+       return __base_ptr_traits::pointer_to(_M_header);
+#else
+       return &_M_header;
+#endif
+      }
+
+      _Const_Base_ptr
+      _M_header_ptr() const
+      {
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+       using __base_ptr_traits = std::pointer_traits<_Const_Base_ptr>;
+       return __base_ptr_traits::pointer_to(_M_header);
+#else
+       return &_M_header;
+#endif
+      }
     };
 
+  struct _Rb_tree_header : _Rb_tree_pheader<_Rb_tree_node_base>
+  { };
+
   template<typename _Val>
-    struct _Rb_tree_node : public _Rb_tree_node_base
+    struct _Rb_tree_node_val
     {
-      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Val>* _Link_type;
-
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
       _Val _M_value_field;
 
+      __attribute__((__always_inline__))
       _Val*
       _M_valptr()
       { return std::__addressof(_M_value_field); }
 
+      __attribute__((__always_inline__))
       const _Val*
       _M_valptr() const
       { return std::__addressof(_M_value_field); }
 #else
       __gnu_cxx::__aligned_membuf<_Val> _M_storage;
 
+      [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
       _Val*
       _M_valptr()
       { return _M_storage._M_ptr(); }
 
+      [[__gnu__::__always_inline__]]
       const _Val*
       _M_valptr() const
       { return _M_storage._M_ptr(); }
 #endif
     };
 
+  template<typename _Val>
+    struct _Rb_tree_node
+    : _Rb_tree_node_base
+    , _Rb_tree_node_val<_Val>
+    {
+      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Val>* _Link_type;
+      typedef const _Rb_tree_node<_Val>* _Const_Link_type;
+    };
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+  template<typename _ValPtr, typename _ValConstPtr>
+    struct _Rb_tree_pnode
+    : _Rb_tree_pnode_base<_ValPtr, _ValConstPtr>
+    , _Rb_tree_node_val<typename std::pointer_traits<_ValPtr>::element_type>
+    {
+      using _Link_type =
+       __ptr_rebind<_ValPtr, _Rb_tree_pnode<_ValPtr, _ValConstPtr>>;
+      using _Const_Link_type =
+       __ptr_rebind<_ValConstPtr, const _Rb_tree_pnode<_ValPtr, _ValConstPtr>>;
+    };
+#endif
+
   _GLIBCXX_PURE _Rb_tree_node_base*
   _Rb_tree_increment(_Rb_tree_node_base* __x) throw ();
 
@@ -248,6 +316,18 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   _GLIBCXX_PURE const _Rb_tree_node_base*
   _Rb_tree_decrement(const _Rb_tree_node_base* __x) throw ();
 
+  __attribute__((__nonnull__))
+  void
+  _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(const bool __insert_left,
+                               _Rb_tree_node_base* __x,
+                               _Rb_tree_node_base* __p,
+                               _Rb_tree_node_base& __header) throw ();
+
+  __attribute__((__nonnull__,__returns_nonnull__))
+  _Rb_tree_node_base*
+  _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(_Rb_tree_node_base* const __z,
+                              _Rb_tree_node_base& __header) throw ();
+
   template<typename _Tp>
     struct _Rb_tree_iterator
     {
@@ -401,17 +481,567 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Base_ptr _M_node;
     };
 
+  struct _Rb_tree_helpers
+  {
+    static _Rb_tree_node_base*
+    _S_minimum(_Rb_tree_node_base* __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+    { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_minimum(__x); }
+
+    static const _Rb_tree_node_base*
+    _S_minimum(const _Rb_tree_node_base* __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+    { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_minimum(__x); }
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+    template<typename _BasePtr>
+      static _BasePtr
+      _S_minimum(_BasePtr __x)
+      {
+       while (__x->_M_left) __x = __x->_M_left;
+       return __x;
+      }
+#endif
+
+    static _Rb_tree_node_base*
+    _S_maximum(_Rb_tree_node_base* __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+    { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_maximum(__x); }
+
+    static const _Rb_tree_node_base*
+    _S_maximum(const _Rb_tree_node_base* __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+    { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_maximum(__x); }
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+    template<typename _BasePtr>
+      static _BasePtr
+      _S_maximum(_BasePtr __x)
+      {
+       while (__x->_M_right) __x = __x->_M_right;
+       return __x;
+      }
+#endif
+
     __attribute__((__nonnull__))
-  void
-  _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(const bool __insert_left,
-                               _Rb_tree_node_base* __x,
-                               _Rb_tree_node_base* __p,
-                               _Rb_tree_node_base& __header) throw ();
+    static void
+    _S_insert_and_rebalance(const bool __insert_left,
+                           _Rb_tree_node_base* __x, _Rb_tree_node_base* __p,
+                           _Rb_tree_node_base& __header) throw ()
+    {
+      return _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance
+       (__insert_left, __x, __p, __header);
+    }
 
-  __attribute__((__nonnull__,__returns_nonnull__))
-  _Rb_tree_node_base*
-  _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(_Rb_tree_node_base* const __z,
-                              _Rb_tree_node_base& __header) throw ();
+    __attribute__((__nonnull__))
+    static _Rb_tree_node_base*
+    _S_rebalance_for_erase(_Rb_tree_node_base* const __z,
+                          _Rb_tree_node_base& __header) throw ()
+    { return _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(__z, __header); }
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+    template<typename _BasePtr>
+      static _BasePtr
+      _Increment(_BasePtr __x) noexcept
+      {
+       if (__x->_M_right)
+         {
+           __x = __x->_M_right;
+           while (__x->_M_left)
+             __x = __x->_M_left;
+         }
+       else
+         {
+           _BasePtr __y = __x->_M_parent;
+           while (__x == __y->_M_right)
+             {
+               __x = __y;
+               __y = __y->_M_parent;
+             }
+           if (__x->_M_right != __y)
+             __x = __y;
+         }
+       return __x;
+      }
+
+    template<typename _BasePtr>
+      static _BasePtr
+      _Decrement(_BasePtr __x) noexcept
+      {
+       if (__x->_M_color == _S_red
+           && __x->_M_parent->_M_parent == __x)
+         __x = __x->_M_right;
+       else if (__x->_M_left)
+         {
+           _BasePtr __y = __x->_M_left;
+           while (__y->_M_right)
+             __y = __y->_M_right;
+           __x = __y;
+         }
+       else
+         {
+           _BasePtr __y = __x->_M_parent;
+           while (__x == __y->_M_left)
+             {
+               __x = __y;
+               __y = __y->_M_parent;
+             }
+           __x = __y;
+         }
+       return __x;
+      }
+
+    template<typename _BasePtr>
+      static void
+      _Rotate_left(_BasePtr __x, _BasePtr& __root)
+      {
+       const _BasePtr __y = __x->_M_right;
+
+       __x->_M_right = __y->_M_left;
+       if (__y->_M_left)
+         __y->_M_left->_M_parent = __x;
+       __y->_M_parent = __x->_M_parent;
+
+       if (__x == __root)
+         __root = __y;
+       else if (__x == __x->_M_parent->_M_left)
+         __x->_M_parent->_M_left = __y;
+       else
+         __x->_M_parent->_M_right = __y;
+       __y->_M_left = __x;
+       __x->_M_parent = __y;
+      }
+
+    template<typename _BasePtr>
+      static void
+      _Rotate_right(_BasePtr __x, _BasePtr& __root)
+      {
+       const _BasePtr __y = __x->_M_left;
+
+       __x->_M_left = __y->_M_right;
+       if (__y->_M_right)
+         __y->_M_right->_M_parent = __x;
+       __y->_M_parent = __x->_M_parent;
+
+       if (__x == __root)
+         __root = __y;
+       else if (__x == __x->_M_parent->_M_right)
+         __x->_M_parent->_M_right = __y;
+       else
+         __x->_M_parent->_M_left = __y;
+       __y->_M_right = __x;
+       __x->_M_parent = __y;
+      }
+
+    template<typename _BasePtr, typename _Header>
+      static void
+      _S_insert_and_rebalance(const bool __insert_left,
+                             _BasePtr __x, _BasePtr __p,
+                             _Header& __header)
+      {
+       _BasePtr& __root = __header._M_parent;
+
+       // Initialize fields in new node to insert.
+       __x->_M_parent = __p;
+       __x->_M_left = __x->_M_right = nullptr;
+       __x->_M_color = _S_red;
+
+       // Insert.
+       // Make new node child of parent and maintain root, leftmost and
+       // rightmost nodes.
+       // N.B. First node is always inserted left.
+       if (__insert_left)
+         {
+           __p->_M_left = __x; // also makes leftmost = __x when __p == 
&__header
+
+           if (std::__to_address(__p) == std::addressof(__header))
+             {
+               __header._M_parent = __x;
+               __header._M_right = __x;
+             }
+           else if (__p == __header._M_left)
+             __header._M_left = __x; // maintain leftmost pointing to min node
+         }
+       else
+         {
+           __p->_M_right = __x;
+
+           if (__p == __header._M_right)
+             __header._M_right = __x; // maintain rightmost pointing to max 
node
+         }
+       // Rebalance.
+       while (__x != __root
+              && __x->_M_parent->_M_color == _S_red)
+         {
+           const _BasePtr __xpp = __x->_M_parent->_M_parent;
+
+           if (__x->_M_parent == __xpp->_M_left)
+             {
+               const _BasePtr __y = __xpp->_M_right;
+               if (__y && __y->_M_color == _S_red)
+                 {
+                   __x->_M_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __y->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __xpp->_M_color = _S_red;
+                   __x = __xpp;
+                 }
+               else
+                 {
+                   if (__x == __x->_M_parent->_M_right)
+                     {
+                       __x = __x->_M_parent;
+                       _Rotate_left(__x, __root);
+                     }
+                   __x->_M_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __xpp->_M_color = _S_red;
+                   _Rotate_right(__xpp, __root);
+                 }
+             }
+           else
+             {
+               const _BasePtr __y = __xpp->_M_left;
+               if (__y && __y->_M_color == _S_red)
+                 {
+                   __x->_M_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __y->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __xpp->_M_color = _S_red;
+                   __x = __xpp;
+                 }
+               else
+                 {
+                   if (__x == __x->_M_parent->_M_left)
+                     {
+                       __x = __x->_M_parent;
+                       _Rotate_right(__x, __root);
+                     }
+                   __x->_M_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                   __xpp->_M_color = _S_red;
+                   _Rotate_left(__xpp, __root);
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+       __root->_M_color = _S_black;
+      }
+
+    template<typename _BasePtr, typename _Header>
+      static _BasePtr
+      _S_rebalance_for_erase(_BasePtr __z, _Header& __header)
+      {
+       _BasePtr& __root = __header._M_parent;
+       _BasePtr& __leftmost = __header._M_left;
+       _BasePtr& __rightmost = __header._M_right;
+       _BasePtr __y = __z;
+       _BasePtr __x{};
+       _BasePtr __x_parent{};
+
+       if (!__y->_M_left)     // __z has at most one non-null child. y == z.
+         __x = __y->_M_right;     // __x might be null.
+       else
+         if (!__y->_M_right)  // __z has exactly one non-null child. y == z.
+           __x = __y->_M_left;    // __x is not null.
+         else
+           {
+             // __z has two non-null children.  Set __y to
+             __y = __y->_M_right;   //   __z's successor.  __x might be null.
+             while (__y->_M_left)
+               __y = __y->_M_left;
+             __x = __y->_M_right;
+           }
+       if (__y != __z)
+         {
+           // relink y in place of z.  y is z's successor
+           __z->_M_left->_M_parent = __y;
+           __y->_M_left = __z->_M_left;
+           if (__y != __z->_M_right)
+             {
+               __x_parent = __y->_M_parent;
+               if (__x)
+                 __x->_M_parent = __y->_M_parent;
+               __y->_M_parent->_M_left = __x;   // __y must be a child of 
_M_left
+               __y->_M_right = __z->_M_right;
+               __z->_M_right->_M_parent = __y;
+             }
+           else
+             __x_parent = __y;
+           if (__root == __z)
+             __root = __y;
+           else if (__z->_M_parent->_M_left == __z)
+             __z->_M_parent->_M_left = __y;
+           else
+             __z->_M_parent->_M_right = __y;
+           __y->_M_parent = __z->_M_parent;
+           std::swap(__y->_M_color, __z->_M_color);
+           __y = __z;
+           // __y now points to node to be actually deleted
+         }
+       else
+         {                        // __y == __z
+           __x_parent = __y->_M_parent;
+           if (__x)
+             __x->_M_parent = __y->_M_parent;
+           if (__root == __z)
+             __root = __x;
+           else
+             if (__z->_M_parent->_M_left == __z)
+               __z->_M_parent->_M_left = __x;
+             else
+               __z->_M_parent->_M_right = __x;
+           if (__leftmost == __z)
+             {
+               if (!__z->_M_right)        // __z->_M_left must be null also
+                 __leftmost = __z->_M_parent;
+               // makes __leftmost == _M_header if __z == __root
+               else
+                 __leftmost = _S_minimum(__x);
+             }
+           if (__rightmost == __z)
+             {
+               if (__z->_M_left == 0)         // __z->_M_right must be null 
also
+                 __rightmost = __z->_M_parent;
+               // makes __rightmost == _M_header if __z == __root
+               else                      // __x == __z->_M_left
+                 __rightmost = _S_maximum(__x);
+             }
+         }
+       if (__y->_M_color != _S_red)
+         {
+           while (__x != __root && (__x == 0 || __x->_M_color == _S_black))
+             if (__x == __x_parent->_M_left)
+               {
+                 _BasePtr __w = __x_parent->_M_right;
+                 if (__w->_M_color == _S_red)
+                   {
+                     __w->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     __x_parent->_M_color = _S_red;
+                     _Rotate_left(__x_parent, __root);
+                     __w = __x_parent->_M_right;
+                   }
+                 if ((!__w->_M_left || __w->_M_left->_M_color == _S_black) &&
+                     (!__w->_M_right || __w->_M_right->_M_color == _S_black))
+                   {
+                     __w->_M_color = _S_red;
+                     __x = __x_parent;
+                     __x_parent = __x_parent->_M_parent;
+                   }
+                 else
+                   {
+                     if (!__w->_M_right || __w->_M_right->_M_color == _S_black)
+                       {
+                         __w->_M_left->_M_color = _S_black;
+                         __w->_M_color = _S_red;
+                         _Rotate_right(__w, __root);
+                         __w = __x_parent->_M_right;
+                       }
+                     __w->_M_color = __x_parent->_M_color;
+                     __x_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     if (__w->_M_right)
+                       __w->_M_right->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     _Rotate_left(__x_parent, __root);
+                     break;
+                   }
+               }
+             else
+               {
+                 // same as above, with _M_right <-> _M_left.
+                 _BasePtr __w = __x_parent->_M_left;
+                 if (__w->_M_color == _S_red)
+                   {
+                     __w->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     __x_parent->_M_color = _S_red;
+                     _Rotate_right(__x_parent, __root);
+                     __w = __x_parent->_M_left;
+                   }
+                 if ((!__w->_M_right || __w->_M_right->_M_color == _S_black) &&
+                     (!__w->_M_left || __w->_M_left->_M_color == _S_black))
+                   {
+                     __w->_M_color = _S_red;
+                     __x = __x_parent;
+                     __x_parent = __x_parent->_M_parent;
+                   }
+                 else
+                   {
+                     if (!__w->_M_left || __w->_M_left->_M_color == _S_black)
+                       {
+                         __w->_M_right->_M_color = _S_black;
+                         __w->_M_color = _S_red;
+                         _Rotate_left(__w, __root);
+                         __w = __x_parent->_M_left;
+                       }
+                     __w->_M_color = __x_parent->_M_color;
+                     __x_parent->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     if (__w->_M_left)
+                       __w->_M_left->_M_color = _S_black;
+                     _Rotate_right(__x_parent, __root);
+                     break;
+                   }
+               }
+           if (__x)
+             __x->_M_color = _S_black;
+         }
+
+       return __y;
+      }
+#endif
+  };
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+  template<typename _ValPtr, typename _ValCPtr>
+    struct _Rb_tree_piterator
+    {
+      using __ptr_traits = pointer_traits<_ValPtr>;
+      using value_type = typename __ptr_traits::element_type;
+      using reference = value_type&;
+      using pointer = value_type*;
+
+      typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+      typedef ptrdiff_t                         difference_type;
+
+      typedef _Rb_tree_piterator<_ValPtr, _ValCPtr>            _Self;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_pnode<_ValPtr, _ValCPtr>                        
_Node_type;
+      typedef typename _Node_type::_Base_ptr                   _Base_ptr;
+      typedef typename _Node_type::_Link_type                  _Link_type;
+
+      _Rb_tree_piterator() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      : _M_node() { }
+
+      explicit
+      _Rb_tree_piterator(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      : _M_node(__x) { }
+
+      reference
+      operator*() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return *static_cast<_Node_type&>(*_M_node)._M_valptr(); }
+
+      pointer
+      operator->() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return static_cast<_Node_type&>(*_M_node)._M_valptr(); }
+
+      _Self&
+      operator++() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       _M_node = _Rb_tree_helpers::_Increment(_M_node);
+       return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Self
+      operator++(int) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       _Self __tmp = *this;
+       _M_node = _Rb_tree_helpers::_Increment(_M_node);
+       return __tmp;
+      }
+
+      _Self&
+      operator--() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       _M_node = _Rb_tree_helpers::_Decrement(_M_node);
+       return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Self
+      operator--(int) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       _Self __tmp = *this;
+       _M_node = _Rb_tree_helpers::_Decrement(_M_node);
+       return __tmp;
+      }
+
+      friend bool
+      operator==(const _Self& __x, const _Self& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return __x._M_node == __y._M_node; }
+
+#if ! __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
+      friend bool
+      operator!=(const _Self& __x, const _Self& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return __x._M_node != __y._M_node; }
+#endif
+
+      _Base_ptr _M_node;
+    };
+
+  template<typename _ValPtr, typename _ValCPtr>
+    struct _Rb_tree_const_piterator
+    {
+      using __ptr_traits = pointer_traits<_ValPtr>;
+      using value_type = typename __ptr_traits::element_type;
+      using reference = const value_type&;
+      using pointer = const value_type*;
+
+      typedef _Rb_tree_piterator<_ValPtr, _ValCPtr>            iterator;
+      typedef typename iterator::_Base_ptr                     _Base_ptr;
+
+      typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+      typedef ptrdiff_t                         difference_type;
+
+      typedef _Rb_tree_const_piterator<_ValPtr, _ValCPtr>      _Self;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_pnode_base<_ValPtr, _ValCPtr>           _Base_Node_type;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_pnode<_ValPtr, _ValCPtr>                        
_Node_type;
+      typedef typename _Node_type::_Const_Base_ptr             _Const_Base_ptr;
+
+      _Rb_tree_const_piterator() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      : _M_node() { }
+
+      explicit
+      _Rb_tree_const_piterator(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      : _M_node(__x) { }
+
+      _Rb_tree_const_piterator(const iterator& __it) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      : _M_node(__it._M_node) { }
+
+      iterator
+      _M_const_cast() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       return iterator(std::pointer_traits<_Base_ptr>::pointer_to
+                       (const_cast<_Base_Node_type&>(*_M_node)));
+      }
+
+      reference
+      operator*() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return *static_cast<const _Node_type&>(*_M_node)._M_valptr(); }
+
+      pointer
+      operator->() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return static_cast<const _Node_type&>(*_M_node)._M_valptr(); }
+
+      _Self&
+      operator++() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       _M_node = _Rb_tree_helpers::_Increment(_M_node);
+       return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Self
+      operator++(int) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       _Self __tmp = *this;
+       _M_node = _Rb_tree_helpers::_Increment(_M_node);
+       return __tmp;
+      }
+
+      _Self&
+      operator--() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       _M_node = _Rb_tree_helpers::_Decrement(_M_node);
+       return *this;
+      }
+
+      _Self
+      operator--(int) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+       _Self __tmp = *this;
+       _M_node = _Rb_tree_helpers::_Decrement(_M_node);
+       return __tmp;
+      }
+
+      friend bool
+      operator==(const _Self& __x, const _Self& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return __x._M_node == __y._M_node; }
+
+#if ! __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
+      friend bool
+      operator!=(const _Self& __x, const _Self& __y) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      { return __x._M_node != __y._M_node; }
+#endif
+
+      _Const_Base_ptr _M_node;
+    };
+#endif // C++11
 
 #if __cplusplus > 201402L
   template<typename _Tree1, typename _Cmp2>
@@ -422,16 +1052,28 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc = allocator<_Val> >
     class _Rb_tree
     {
+#if __cplusplus < 201103L
+      typedef _Rb_tree_node_base               _Node_base;
+      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Val>              _Node_type;
+#else
+      using __alloc_traits = std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>;
+      using __val_ptr = typename __alloc_traits::pointer;
+      using __val_cptr = typename __alloc_traits::const_pointer;
+      using _Node_base = __conditional_t<std::is_pointer<__val_ptr>::value,
+       _Rb_tree_node_base, _Rb_tree_pnode_base<__val_ptr, __val_cptr>>;
+      using _Node_type = __conditional_t<std::is_pointer<__val_cptr>::value,
+       _Rb_tree_node<_Val>, _Rb_tree_pnode<__val_ptr, __val_cptr>>;
+#endif
       typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template
-       rebind<_Rb_tree_node<_Val> >::other _Node_allocator;
+       rebind<_Node_type>::other _Node_allocator;
 
       typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Node_allocator> _Alloc_traits;
 
     protected:
-      typedef _Rb_tree_node_base*              _Base_ptr;
-      typedef const _Rb_tree_node_base*        _Const_Base_ptr;
-      typedef _Rb_tree_node<_Val>*             _Link_type;
-      typedef const _Rb_tree_node<_Val>*       _Const_Link_type;
+      typedef typename _Node_base::_Base_ptr           _Base_ptr;
+      typedef typename _Node_base::_Const_Base_ptr     _Const_Base_ptr;
+      typedef typename _Node_type::_Link_type          _Link_type;
+      typedef typename _Node_type::_Const_Link_type    _Const_Link_type;
 
     private:
       // Functor recycling a pool of nodes and using allocation once the pool
@@ -457,13 +1099,13 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #endif
 
        ~_Reuse_or_alloc_node()
-       { _M_t._M_erase(static_cast<_Link_type>(_M_root)); }
+       { _M_t._M_erase(_M_root); }
 
        template<typename _Arg>
-         _Link_type
+         _Base_ptr
          operator()(_GLIBCXX_FWDREF(_Arg) __arg)
          {
-           _Link_type __node = static_cast<_Link_type>(_M_extract());
+           _Base_ptr __node = _M_extract();
            if (__node)
              {
                _M_t._M_destroy_node(__node);
@@ -559,13 +1201,24 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       { return _Alloc_traits::allocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), 1); }
 
       void
-      _M_put_node(_Link_type __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { _Alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __p, 1); }
+      _M_put_node(_Base_ptr __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      {
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+       using __ptr_traits = std::pointer_traits<_Link_type>;
+       _Node_type& __node = static_cast<_Node_type&>(*__p);
+       _Alloc_traits::deallocate
+         (_M_get_Node_allocator(), __ptr_traits::pointer_to(__node), 1);
+#else
+       _Alloc_traits::deallocate
+         (_M_get_Node_allocator(), static_cast<_Link_type>(__p), 1);
+#endif
+      }
 
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
       void
-      _M_construct_node(_Link_type __node, const value_type& __x)
+      _M_construct_node(_Base_ptr __p, const value_type& __x)
       {
+       _Link_type __node = static_cast<_Link_type>(__p);
        __try
          { get_allocator().construct(__node->_M_valptr(), __x); }
        __catch(...)
@@ -585,19 +1238,20 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #else
       template<typename... _Args>
        void
-       _M_construct_node(_Link_type __node, _Args&&... __args)
+       _M_construct_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Args&&... __args)
        {
+         _Node_type& __node = static_cast<_Node_type&>(*__p);
          __try
            {
-             ::new(__node) _Rb_tree_node<_Val>;
+             ::new(std::__addressof(__node)) _Node_type;
              _Alloc_traits::construct(_M_get_Node_allocator(),
-                                      __node->_M_valptr(),
+                                      __node._M_valptr(),
                                       std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
            }
          __catch(...)
            {
-             __node->~_Rb_tree_node<_Val>();
-             _M_put_node(__node);
+             __node.~_Node_type();
+             _M_put_node(__p);
              __throw_exception_again;
            }
        }
@@ -613,41 +1267,48 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 #endif
 
       void
-      _M_destroy_node(_Link_type __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      _M_destroy_node(_Base_ptr __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
-       get_allocator().destroy(__p->_M_valptr());
+       get_allocator().destroy(static_cast<_Link_type>(__p)->_M_valptr());
 #else
-       _Alloc_traits::destroy(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __p->_M_valptr());
-       __p->~_Rb_tree_node<_Val>();
+       _Node_type& __node = static_cast<_Node_type&>(*__p);
+       _Alloc_traits::destroy(_M_get_Node_allocator(), __node._M_valptr());
+       __node.~_Node_type();
 #endif
       }
 
       void
-      _M_drop_node(_Link_type __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
+      _M_drop_node(_Base_ptr __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       {
        _M_destroy_node(__p);
        _M_put_node(__p);
       }
 
       template<bool _MoveValue, typename _NodeGen>
-       _Link_type
-       _M_clone_node(_Link_type __x, _NodeGen& __node_gen)
+       _Base_ptr
+       _M_clone_node(_Base_ptr __x, _NodeGen& __node_gen)
        {
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
          using _Vp = __conditional_t<_MoveValue,
                                      value_type&&,
                                      const value_type&>;
 #endif
-         _Link_type __tmp
-           = __node_gen(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Vp, *__x->_M_valptr()));
+         _Base_ptr __tmp = __node_gen
+           (_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Vp, 
*static_cast<_Node_type&>(*__x)._M_valptr()));
          __tmp->_M_color = __x->_M_color;
-         __tmp->_M_left = 0;
-         __tmp->_M_right = 0;
+         __tmp->_M_left = __tmp->_M_right = _Base_ptr();
          return __tmp;
        }
 
     protected:
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+      using _Header_t = __conditional_t<std::is_pointer<__val_ptr>::value,
+                         _Rb_tree_header, _Rb_tree_pheader<_Node_base>>;
+#else
+      typedef _Rb_tree_header _Header_t;
+#endif
+
 #if _GLIBCXX_INLINE_VERSION
       template<typename _Key_compare>
 #else
@@ -658,7 +1319,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        struct _Rb_tree_impl
        : public _Node_allocator
        , public _Rb_tree_key_compare<_Key_compare>
-       , public _Rb_tree_header
+       , public _Header_t
        {
          typedef _Rb_tree_key_compare<_Key_compare> _Base_key_compare;
 
@@ -672,7 +1333,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          _Rb_tree_impl(const _Rb_tree_impl& __x)
          : _Node_allocator(_Alloc_traits::_S_select_on_copy(__x))
          , _Base_key_compare(__x._M_key_compare)
-         , _Rb_tree_header()
+         , _Header_t()
          { }
 
 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
@@ -692,7 +1353,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          _Rb_tree_impl(_Rb_tree_impl&& __x, _Node_allocator&& __a)
          : _Node_allocator(std::move(__a)),
            _Base_key_compare(std::move(__x)),
-           _Rb_tree_header(std::move(__x))
+           _Header_t(std::move(__x))
          { }
 
          _Rb_tree_impl(const _Key_compare& __comp, _Node_allocator&& __a)
@@ -728,31 +1389,31 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _M_rightmost() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_right; }
 
-      _Link_type
+      _Base_ptr
       _M_mbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Link_type>(this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent); }
+      {
+       return const_cast<_Rb_tree_impl<_Compare>&>
+         (this->_M_impl)._M_header._M_parent;
+      }
 
-      _Link_type
+      _Base_ptr
       _M_begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
       { return _M_mbegin(); }
 
-      _Const_Link_type
+      _Const_Base_ptr
       _M_begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      {
-       return static_cast<_Const_Link_type>
-         (this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent);
-      }
+      { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent; }
 
       _Base_ptr
       _M_end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return &this->_M_impl._M_header; }
+      { return this->_M_impl._M_header_ptr(); }
 
       _Const_Base_ptr
       _M_end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return &this->_M_impl._M_header; }
+      { return this->_M_impl._M_header_ptr(); }
 
       static const _Key&
-      _S_key(_Const_Link_type __x)
+      _S_key(_Const_Base_ptr __x)
       {
 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
        // If we're asking for the key we're presumably using the comparison
@@ -770,48 +1431,53 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 # endif // C++17
 #endif // C++11
 
-       return _KeyOfValue()(*__x->_M_valptr());
+       return _KeyOfValue()(*static_cast<const _Node_type&>(*__x)._M_valptr());
       }
 
-      static _Link_type
+      static _Base_ptr
       _S_left(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Link_type>(__x->_M_left); }
+      { return __x->_M_left; }
 
-      static _Const_Link_type
+      static _Const_Base_ptr
       _S_left(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Const_Link_type>(__x->_M_left); }
+      { return __x->_M_left; }
 
-      static _Link_type
+      static _Base_ptr
       _S_right(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Link_type>(__x->_M_right); }
+      { return __x->_M_right; }
 
-      static _Const_Link_type
+      static _Const_Base_ptr
       _S_right(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return static_cast<_Const_Link_type>(__x->_M_right); }
-
-      static const _Key&
-      _S_key(_Const_Base_ptr __x)
-      { return _S_key(static_cast<_Const_Link_type>(__x)); }
+      { return __x->_M_right; }
 
       static _Base_ptr
       _S_minimum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_minimum(__x); }
+      { return _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_minimum(__x); }
 
       static _Const_Base_ptr
       _S_minimum(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_minimum(__x); }
+      { return _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_minimum(__x); }
 
       static _Base_ptr
       _S_maximum(_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_maximum(__x); }
+      { return _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_maximum(__x); }
 
       static _Const_Base_ptr
       _S_maximum(_Const_Base_ptr __x) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_maximum(__x); }
+      { return _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_maximum(__x); }
 
     public:
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+      using iterator = __conditional_t<std::is_pointer<__val_ptr>::value,
+       _Rb_tree_iterator<value_type>,
+       _Rb_tree_piterator<__val_ptr, __val_cptr>>;
+      using const_iterator = 
__conditional_t<std::is_pointer<__val_cptr>::value,
+       _Rb_tree_const_iterator<value_type>,
+       _Rb_tree_const_piterator<__val_ptr, __val_cptr>>;
+#else
       typedef _Rb_tree_iterator<value_type>       iterator;
       typedef _Rb_tree_const_iterator<value_type> const_iterator;
+#endif
 
       typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>       reverse_iterator;
       typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
@@ -844,7 +1510,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        _M_insert_(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y, _Arg&& __v, _NodeGen&);
 
       iterator
-      _M_insert_node(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y, _Link_type __z);
+      _M_insert_node(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y, _Base_ptr __z);
 
       template<typename _Arg>
        iterator
@@ -855,10 +1521,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
        _M_insert_equal_lower(_Arg&& __x);
 
       iterator
-      _M_insert_lower_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Link_type __z);
+      _M_insert_lower_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Base_ptr __z);
 
       iterator
-      _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_Link_type __z);
+      _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_Base_ptr __z);
 #else
       template<typename _NodeGen>
        iterator
@@ -877,22 +1543,22 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       enum { __as_lvalue, __as_rvalue };
 
       template<bool _MoveValues, typename _NodeGen>
-       _Link_type
-       _M_copy(_Link_type, _Base_ptr, _NodeGen&);
+       _Base_ptr
+       _M_copy(_Base_ptr, _Base_ptr, _NodeGen&);
 
       template<bool _MoveValues, typename _NodeGen>
-       _Link_type
+       _Base_ptr
        _M_copy(const _Rb_tree& __x, _NodeGen& __gen)
        {
-         _Link_type __root =
+         _Base_ptr __root =
            _M_copy<_MoveValues>(__x._M_mbegin(), _M_end(), __gen);
-         _M_leftmost() = _S_minimum(__root);
-         _M_rightmost() = _S_maximum(__root);
+         _M_leftmost() = _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_minimum(__root);
+         _M_rightmost() = _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_maximum(__root);
          _M_impl._M_node_count = __x._M_impl._M_node_count;
          return __root;
        }
 
-      _Link_type
+      _Base_ptr
       _M_copy(const _Rb_tree& __x)
       {
        _Alloc_node __an(*this);
@@ -900,22 +1566,22 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       }
 
       void
-      _M_erase(_Link_type __x);
+      _M_erase(_Base_ptr __x);
 
       iterator
-      _M_lower_bound(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __y,
+      _M_lower_bound(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y,
                     const _Key& __k);
 
       const_iterator
-      _M_lower_bound(_Const_Link_type __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
+      _M_lower_bound(_Const_Base_ptr __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
                     const _Key& __k) const;
 
       iterator
-      _M_upper_bound(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __y,
+      _M_upper_bound(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y,
                     const _Key& __k);
 
       const_iterator
-      _M_upper_bound(_Const_Link_type __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
+      _M_upper_bound(_Const_Base_ptr __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
                     const _Key& __k) const;
 
     public:
@@ -933,7 +1599,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Rb_tree(const _Rb_tree& __x)
       : _M_impl(__x._M_impl)
       {
-       if (__x._M_root() != 0)
+       if (__x._M_root())
          _M_root() = _M_copy(__x);
       }
 
@@ -945,7 +1611,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Rb_tree(const _Rb_tree& __x, const allocator_type& __a)
       : _M_impl(__x._M_impl._M_key_compare, _Node_allocator(__a))
       {
-       if (__x._M_root() != nullptr)
+       if (__x._M_root())
          _M_root() = _M_copy(__x);
       }
 
@@ -964,7 +1630,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       _Rb_tree(_Rb_tree&& __x, _Node_allocator&& __a, false_type)
       : _M_impl(__x._M_impl._M_key_compare, std::move(__a))
       {
-       if (__x._M_root() != nullptr)
+       if (__x._M_root())
          _M_move_data(__x, false_type{});
       }
 
@@ -999,11 +1665,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
       iterator
       end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return iterator(&this->_M_impl._M_header); }
+      { return iterator(this->_M_impl._M_header_ptr()); }
 
       const_iterator
       end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
-      { return const_iterator(&this->_M_impl._M_header); }
+      { return const_iterator(this->_M_impl._M_header_ptr()); }
 
       reverse_iterator
       rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
@@ -1528,10 +2194,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       node_type
       extract(const_iterator __pos)
       {
-       auto __ptr = _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(
-           __pos._M_const_cast()._M_node, _M_impl._M_header);
+       auto __ptr = _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_rebalance_for_erase
+         (__pos._M_const_cast()._M_node, _M_impl._M_header);
        --_M_impl._M_node_count;
-       return { static_cast<_Link_type>(__ptr), _M_get_Node_allocator() };
+       using __ptr_traits = std::pointer_traits<_Link_type>;
+       _Node_type& __node = static_cast<_Node_type&>(*__ptr);
+       return { __ptr_traits::pointer_to(__node), _M_get_Node_allocator() };
       }
 
       /// Extract a node.
@@ -1565,11 +2233,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
              if (__res.second)
                {
                  auto& __src_impl = _Merge_helper::_S_get_impl(__src);
-                 auto __ptr = _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(
-                     __pos._M_node, __src_impl._M_header);
+                 auto __ptr =
+                   _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_rebalance_for_erase
+                   (__pos._M_node, __src_impl._M_header);
                  --__src_impl._M_node_count;
-                 _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second,
-                                static_cast<_Link_type>(__ptr));
+                 _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second, __ptr);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -1587,11 +2255,11 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
              if (__res.second)
                {
                  auto& __src_impl = _Merge_helper::_S_get_impl(__src);
-                 auto __ptr = _Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(
-                     __pos._M_node, __src_impl._M_header);
+                 auto __ptr =
+                   _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_rebalance_for_erase
+                   (__pos._M_node, __src_impl._M_header);
                  --__src_impl._M_node_count;
-                 _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second,
-                                static_cast<_Link_type>(__ptr));
+                 _M_insert_node(__res.first, __res.second, __ptr);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -1702,7 +2370,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_move_assign(_Rb_tree& __x, true_type)
     {
       clear();
-      if (__x._M_root() != nullptr)
+      if (__x._M_root())
        _M_move_data(__x, true_type());
       std::__alloc_on_move(_M_get_Node_allocator(),
                           __x._M_get_Node_allocator());
@@ -1721,7 +2389,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
       // structure.
       _Reuse_or_alloc_node __roan(*this);
       _M_impl._M_reset();
-      if (__x._M_root() != nullptr)
+      if (__x._M_root())
        {
          _M_root() = _M_copy<__as_rvalue>(__x, __roan);
          __x.clear();
@@ -1796,7 +2464,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
          _Reuse_or_alloc_node __roan(*this);
          _M_impl._M_reset();
          _M_impl._M_key_compare = __x._M_impl._M_key_compare;
-         if (__x._M_root() != 0)
+         if (__x._M_root())
            _M_root() = _M_copy<__as_lvalue>(__x, __roan);
        }
 
@@ -1824,10 +2492,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
                              || _M_impl._M_key_compare(_KeyOfValue()(__v),
                                                        _S_key(__p)));
 
-       _Link_type __z = __node_gen(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __v));
+       _Base_ptr __z = __node_gen(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __v));
 
-       _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
-                                     this->_M_impl._M_header);
+       _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_insert_and_rebalance
+         (__insert_left, __z, __p, this->_M_impl._M_header);
        ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
        return iterator(__z);
       }
@@ -1849,10 +2517,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
                            || !_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__p),
                                                       _KeyOfValue()(__v)));
 
-      _Link_type __z = _M_create_node(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __v));
+      _Base_ptr __z = _M_create_node(_GLIBCXX_FORWARD(_Arg, __v));
 
-      _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
-                                   this->_M_impl._M_header);
+      _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_insert_and_rebalance
+       (__insert_left, __z, __p, this->_M_impl._M_header);
       ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
       return iterator(__z);
     }
@@ -1870,7 +2538,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_insert_equal_lower(const _Val& __v)
 #endif
     {
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
       while (__x != 0)
        {
@@ -1884,12 +2552,12 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   template<typename _Key, typename _Val, typename _KoV,
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     template<bool _MoveValues, typename _NodeGen>
-      typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KoV, _Compare, _Alloc>::_Link_type
+      typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KoV, _Compare, _Alloc>::_Base_ptr
       _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KoV, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-      _M_copy(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __p, _NodeGen& __node_gen)
+      _M_copy(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __p, _NodeGen& __node_gen)
       {
        // Structural copy. __x and __p must be non-null.
-       _Link_type __top = _M_clone_node<_MoveValues>(__x, __node_gen);
+       _Base_ptr __top = _M_clone_node<_MoveValues>(__x, __node_gen);
        __top->_M_parent = __p;
 
        __try
@@ -1902,7 +2570,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
 
            while (__x != 0)
              {
-               _Link_type __y = _M_clone_node<_MoveValues>(__x, __node_gen);
+               _Base_ptr __y = _M_clone_node<_MoveValues>(__x, __node_gen);
                __p->_M_left = __y;
                __y->_M_parent = __p;
                if (__x->_M_right)
@@ -1924,13 +2592,13 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     void
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_erase(_Link_type __x)
+    _M_erase(_Base_ptr __x)
     {
       // Erase without rebalancing.
       while (__x != 0)
        {
          _M_erase(_S_right(__x));
-         _Link_type __y = _S_left(__x);
+         _Base_ptr __y = _S_left(__x);
          _M_drop_node(__x);
          __x = __y;
        }
@@ -1941,10 +2609,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
                      _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_lower_bound(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __y,
+    _M_lower_bound(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y,
                   const _Key& __k)
     {
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), __k))
          __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
        else
@@ -1957,10 +2625,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
                      _Compare, _Alloc>::const_iterator
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_lower_bound(_Const_Link_type __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
+    _M_lower_bound(_Const_Base_ptr __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
                   const _Key& __k) const
     {
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        if (!_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), __k))
          __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
        else
@@ -1973,10 +2641,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
                      _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_upper_bound(_Link_type __x, _Base_ptr __y,
+    _M_upper_bound(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __y,
                   const _Key& __k)
     {
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x)))
          __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
        else
@@ -1989,10 +2657,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     typename _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue,
                      _Compare, _Alloc>::const_iterator
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_upper_bound(_Const_Link_type __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
+    _M_upper_bound(_Const_Base_ptr __x, _Const_Base_ptr __y,
                   const _Key& __k) const
     {
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x)))
          __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
        else
@@ -2009,9 +2677,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     equal_range(const _Key& __k)
     {
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          if (_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__x), __k))
            __x = _S_right(__x);
@@ -2019,7 +2687,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
          else
            {
-             _Link_type __xu(__x);
+             _Base_ptr __xu(__x);
              _Base_ptr __yu(__y);
              __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
              __xu = _S_right(__xu);
@@ -2041,7 +2709,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     equal_range(const _Key& __k) const
     {
-      _Const_Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Const_Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Const_Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
       while (__x != 0)
        {
@@ -2051,7 +2719,7 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
          else
            {
-             _Const_Link_type __xu(__x);
+             _Const_Base_ptr __xu(__x);
              _Const_Base_ptr __yu(__y);
              __y = __x, __x = _S_left(__x);
              __xu = _S_right(__xu);
@@ -2105,10 +2773,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_get_insert_unique_pos(const key_type& __k)
     {
       typedef pair<_Base_ptr, _Base_ptr> _Res;
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
       bool __comp = true;
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          __y = __x;
          __comp = _M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x));
@@ -2137,9 +2805,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _M_get_insert_equal_pos(const key_type& __k)
     {
       typedef pair<_Base_ptr, _Base_ptr> _Res;
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
-      while (__x != 0)
+      while (__x)
        {
          __y = __x;
          __x = _M_impl._M_key_compare(__k, _S_key(__x)) ?
@@ -2371,15 +3039,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     auto
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_insert_node(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __p, _Link_type __z)
+    _M_insert_node(_Base_ptr __x, _Base_ptr __p, _Base_ptr __z)
     -> iterator
     {
       bool __insert_left = (__x != 0 || __p == _M_end()
                            || _M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__z),
                                                      _S_key(__p)));
 
-      _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
-                                   this->_M_impl._M_header);
+      _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_insert_and_rebalance
+       (__insert_left, __z, __p, this->_M_impl._M_header);
       ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
       return iterator(__z);
     }
@@ -2388,15 +3056,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     auto
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_insert_lower_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Link_type __z)
+    _M_insert_lower_node(_Base_ptr __p, _Base_ptr __z)
     -> iterator
     {
       bool __insert_left = (__p == _M_end()
                            || !_M_impl._M_key_compare(_S_key(__p),
                                                       _S_key(__z)));
 
-      _Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(__insert_left, __z, __p,
-                                   this->_M_impl._M_header);
+      _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_insert_and_rebalance
+       (__insert_left, __z, __p, this->_M_impl._M_header);
       ++_M_impl._M_node_count;
       return iterator(__z);
     }
@@ -2405,10 +3073,10 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
           typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
     auto
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
-    _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_Link_type __z)
+    _M_insert_equal_lower_node(_Base_ptr __z)
     -> iterator
     {
-      _Link_type __x = _M_begin();
+      _Base_ptr __x = _M_begin();
       _Base_ptr __y = _M_end();
       while (__x != 0)
        {
@@ -2485,10 +3153,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     _Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::
     _M_erase_aux(const_iterator __position)
     {
-      _Link_type __y =
-       static_cast<_Link_type>(_Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase
-                               (const_cast<_Base_ptr>(__position._M_node),
-                                this->_M_impl._M_header));
+      _Base_ptr __y = _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_rebalance_for_erase
+       (__position._M_const_cast()._M_node, this->_M_impl._M_header);
       _M_drop_node(__y);
       --_M_impl._M_node_count;
     }
@@ -2590,9 +3256,9 @@ _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
            return false;
        }
 
-      if (_M_leftmost() != _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_minimum(_M_root()))
+      if (_M_leftmost() != _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_minimum(_M_root()))
        return false;
-      if (_M_rightmost() != _Rb_tree_node_base::_S_maximum(_M_root()))
+      if (_M_rightmost() != _Rb_tree_helpers::_S_maximum(_M_root()))
        return false;
       return true;
     }
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/map/allocator/ext_ptr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/map/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7bef7df2f47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/map/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+struct T { int i; };
+
+bool operator<(const T& l, const T& r)
+{ return l.i < r.i; }
+
+struct H
+{
+  std::size_t
+  operator()(const T& t) const noexcept
+  { return t.i; }
+};
+
+struct L : std::less<T>
+{ };
+
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+
+template class std::map<T, int, L,
+                       CustomPointerAlloc<std::pair<const T, int>>>;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef CustomPointerAlloc<std::pair<const T, int>> alloc_type;
+  typedef std::map<T, int, L, alloc_type> test_type;
+  test_type v;
+  v.insert({ T(), 0 });
+  VERIFY( ++v.begin() == v.end() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multimap/allocator/ext_ptr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multimap/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a9e198531f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multimap/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+struct T { int i; };
+
+bool operator<(const T& l, const T& r)
+{ return l.i < r.i; }
+
+struct H
+{
+  std::size_t
+  operator()(const T& t) const noexcept
+  { return t.i; }
+};
+
+struct L : std::less<T>
+{ };
+
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+
+template class std::multimap<T, int, L,
+                       CustomPointerAlloc<std::pair<const T, int>>>;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef CustomPointerAlloc<std::pair<const T, int>> alloc_type;
+  typedef std::multimap<T, int, L, alloc_type> test_type;
+  test_type v;
+  v.insert({ T(), 0 });
+  VERIFY( ++v.begin() == v.end() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multiset/allocator/ext_ptr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multiset/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d4796e37672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/multiset/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <set>
+#include <memory>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+struct T { int i; };
+
+bool operator<(const T& l, const T& r)
+{ return l.i < r.i; }
+
+struct H
+{
+  std::size_t
+  operator()(const T& t) const noexcept
+  { return t.i; }
+};
+
+struct L : std::less<T>
+{ };
+
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+
+template class std::multiset<T, L, CustomPointerAlloc<T>>;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef CustomPointerAlloc<T> alloc_type;
+  typedef std::multiset<T, L, alloc_type> test_type;
+  test_type v;
+  v.insert(T());
+  VERIFY( ++v.begin() == v.end() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/allocator/ext_ptr.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1cf479083eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/23_containers/set/allocator/ext_ptr.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <set>
+#include <memory>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+struct T { int i; };
+
+bool operator<(const T& l, const T& r)
+{ return l.i < r.i; }
+
+struct H
+{
+  std::size_t
+  operator()(const T& t) const noexcept
+  { return t.i; }
+};
+
+struct L : std::less<T>
+{ };
+
+using __gnu_test::CustomPointerAlloc;
+
+template class std::set<T, L, CustomPointerAlloc<T>>;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef CustomPointerAlloc<T> alloc_type;
+  typedef std::set<T, L, alloc_type> test_type;
+  test_type v;
+  v.insert(T());
+  VERIFY( ++v.begin() == v.end() );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}

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