due to code duplication from jump threading [PR109071]
Control this with a new option -fdiagnostic-try-to-explain-harder.

This patch has been tested with -fdiagnostic-try-to-expain-harder on by
default to bootstrap gcc and regression testing on both x86 and aarch64,
resolved all bootstrap issues and regression testing issues. 

I need some help in the following two items:
1. suggestions on better documentation wordings for the new option.
2. checking on the new data structures copy_history and the
   memory management for it.
   In the beginning, I tried to use the GGC for it.
   but have met quite some issues (possibly because the gimple and the 
containing
   basic block elimination), then I gave up the GGC scheme and instead
   used the obstack and manually clean and deleted the obstack in the end of
   the compilation.  

The following is more details on the patchs

Thanks a lot!

Qing

$ cat t.c
extern void warn(void);
static inline void assign(int val, int *regs, int *index)
{
  if (*index >= 4)
    warn();
  *regs = val;
}
struct nums {int vals[4];};

void sparx5_set (int *ptr, struct nums *sg, int index)
{
  int *val = &sg->vals[index];

  assign(0,    ptr, &index);
  assign(*val, ptr, &index);
}

$ gcc -Wall -O2  -c -o t.o t.c
t.c: In function ‘sparx5_set’:
t.c:12:23: warning: array subscript 4 is above array bounds of ‘int[4]’ 
[-Warray-bounds=]
   12 |   int *val = &sg->vals[index];
      |               ~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~
t.c:8:18: note: while referencing ‘vals’
    8 | struct nums {int vals[4];};
      |                  ^~~~

In the above, Although the warning is correct in theory, the warning message
itself is confusing to the end-user since there is information that cannot
be connected to the source code directly.

It will be a nice improvement to add more information in the warning message
to report where such index value come from.

In order to achieve this, we add a new data structure copy_history to record
the condition and the transformation that triggered the code duplication.
Whenever there is a code duplication due to some specific transformations,
such as jump threading, loop switching, etc, a copy_history structure is
created and attached to the duplicated gimple statement.

During array out-of-bound checking or other warning checking, the copy_history
that was attached to the gimple statement is used to form a sequence of
diagnostic events that are added to the corresponding rich location to be used
to report the warning message.

This behavior is controled by the new option -fdiagnostic-try-to-explain-harder
which is off by default.

With this change, by adding -fdiagnostic-try-to-explain-harder,
the warning message for the above testing case is now:

t.c: In function ‘sparx5_set’:
t.c:12:23: warning: array subscript 4 is above array bounds of ‘int[4]’ 
[-Warray-bounds=]
   12 |   int *val = &sg->vals[index];
      |               ~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~
  event 1
    |
    |    4 |   if (*index >= 4)
    |      |      ^
    |      |      |
    |      |      (1) when the condition is evaluated to true
    |
t.c:8:18: note: while referencing ‘vals’
    8 | struct nums {int vals[4];};
      |                  ^~~~

gcc/ChangeLog:

        PR tree-optimization/109071

        * Makefile.in (OBJS): Add diagnostic-copy-history.o.
        * gcc/common.opt (fdiagnostics-try-to-explain-harder): New option.
        * gcc/doc/invoke.texi (fdiagnostics-try-to-explain-harder): Add
        documentation for the new option.
        * gimple-array-bounds.cc (check_out_of_bounds_and_warn): Change
        location_t to gcc_rich_location for warning.
        (array_bounds_checker::check_array_ref): Likewise.
        (array_bounds_checker::check_mem_ref): Likewise.
        (array_bounds_checker::check_addr_expr): Likewise.
        (array_bounds_checker::check_array_bounds): Generate a rich
        location for the location and add events to the rich location.
        * gimple-array-bounds.h: Update the prototypes of routines.
        * gimple-iterator.cc (gsi_remove): Remove the copy history when
        removing the gimple.
        * toplev.cc (toplev::finalize): Call copy_history_finalize.
        * tree-ssa-threadupdate.cc (set_copy_history_to_stmts_in_bb): New
        function.
        (back_jt_path_registry::duplicate_thread_path): Call the new function
        to set copy history for every duplicated gimple.
        * diagnostic-copy-history.cc: New file.
        * diagnostic-copy-history.h: New file.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

        PR tree-optimization/109071

        * gcc.dg/pr109071.c: New test.
---
 gcc/Makefile.in                 |   4 +-
 gcc/common.opt                  |   4 +
 gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.cc  | 163 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.h   |  81 ++++++++++++++++
 gcc/doc/invoke.texi             |   7 ++
 gcc/gimple-array-bounds.cc      |  62 +++++++-----
 gcc/gimple-array-bounds.h       |   8 +-
 gcc/gimple-iterator.cc          |   3 +
 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/pr109071.c |  36 +++++++
 gcc/toplev.cc                   |   3 +
 gcc/tree-ssa-threadupdate.cc    |  42 ++++++++
 11 files changed, 386 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.cc
 create mode 100644 gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.h
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/pr109071.c

diff --git a/gcc/Makefile.in b/gcc/Makefile.in
index 7d3ea27a6ab..36a5b5fa305 100644
--- a/gcc/Makefile.in
+++ b/gcc/Makefile.in
@@ -1436,6 +1436,7 @@ OBJS = \
        df-problems.o \
        df-scan.o \
        dfp.o \
+       diagnostic-copy-history.o \
        digraph.o \
        dojump.o \
        dominance.o \
@@ -1821,7 +1822,8 @@ OBJS = \
 
 # Objects in libcommon.a, potentially used by all host binaries and with
 # no target dependencies.
-OBJS-libcommon = diagnostic-spec.o diagnostic.o diagnostic-color.o \
+OBJS-libcommon = diagnostic-spec.o \
+       diagnostic.o diagnostic-color.o \
        diagnostic-format-json.o \
        diagnostic-format-sarif.o \
        diagnostic-global-context.o \
diff --git a/gcc/common.opt b/gcc/common.opt
index 327230967ea..833cc2f4da4 100644
--- a/gcc/common.opt
+++ b/gcc/common.opt
@@ -1558,6 +1558,10 @@ fdiagnostics-minimum-margin-width=
 Common Joined UInteger Var(diagnostics_minimum_margin_width) Init(6)
 Set minimum width of left margin of source code when showing source.
 
+fdiagnostics-try-to-explain-harder
+Common Var(flag_diagnostics_try_to_explain_harder)
+Collect and print more context information for diagnostics.
+
 fdisable-
 Common Joined RejectNegative Var(common_deferred_options) Defer
 -fdisable-[tree|rtl|ipa]-<pass>=range1+range2  Disable an optimization pass.
diff --git a/gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.cc b/gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2733d137622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/* Functions to handle copy history.
+   Copyright (C) 2024-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by Qing Zhao <qing.z...@oracle.com>
+
+   This file is part of GCC.
+
+   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+   Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+   version.
+
+   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+   for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "backend.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "diagnostic-copy-history.h"
+
+/* A mapping from a gimple to a pointer to the copy history of it.  */
+static copy_history_map_t *copy_history_map;
+
+/* Obstack for copy history.  */
+static struct obstack copy_history_obstack;
+
+/* Create a new copy history.  */
+
+copy_history_t
+create_copy_history (location_t condition,
+                    bool is_true_path,
+                    enum copy_reason reason,
+                    copy_history_t prev_copy)
+{
+  static bool initialized = false;
+
+  if (!initialized)
+    {
+      gcc_obstack_init (&copy_history_obstack);
+      initialized = true;
+    }
+
+  copy_history_t copy_history
+    = (copy_history_t) obstack_alloc (&copy_history_obstack,
+                                     sizeof (struct copy_history));
+  copy_history->condition = condition;
+  copy_history->is_true_path = is_true_path;
+  copy_history->reason = reason;
+  copy_history->prev_copy = prev_copy;
+  return copy_history;
+}
+
+/* Insert the copy history for the gimple STMT assuming the linked list
+   of CP_HISTORY does not have duplications.  It's the caller's
+   responsibility to make sure that the linked list of CP_HISTORY does
+   not have duplications.  */
+
+void
+insert_copy_history (gimple *stmt, copy_history_t cp_history)
+{
+  if (!copy_history_map)
+    copy_history_map = new copy_history_map_t;
+
+  copy_history_map->put (stmt, cp_history);
+  return;
+}
+
+/* Get the copy history for the gimple STMT, return NULL when there is
+   no associated copy history.  */
+
+copy_history_t
+get_copy_history (gimple *stmt)
+{
+  if (!copy_history_map)
+    return NULL;
+
+  if (const copy_history_t *cp_history_p = copy_history_map->get (stmt))
+    return *cp_history_p;
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Remove the copy history for STMT.  */
+
+void
+remove_copy_history (gimple *stmt)
+{
+  if (!copy_history_map)
+    return;
+  copy_history_map->remove (stmt);
+  return;
+}
+
+/* Check whether the cond_location, is_true_path and reason existed
+ * in the OLD_COPY_HISTORY.  */
+
+static bool
+is_copy_history_existed (location_t cond_location, bool is_true_path,
+                        enum copy_reason reason,
+                        copy_history_t old_copy_history)
+{
+  for (copy_history_t cur_ch = old_copy_history; cur_ch;
+       cur_ch = cur_ch->prev_copy)
+    if ((cur_ch->condition == cond_location)
+       && (cur_ch->is_true_path == is_true_path)
+       && (cur_ch->reason == reason))
+      return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Set copy history for the gimple STMT.  Return TRUE when a new copy
+ * history is created and inserted.  Otherwise return FALSE.  */
+
+bool
+set_copy_history (gimple *stmt, location_t cond_location,
+                 bool is_true_path, enum copy_reason reason)
+{
+
+  /* First, get the old copy history associated with this STMT.  */
+  copy_history_t old_cp_history = get_copy_history (stmt);
+
+  /* If the current copy history is not in the STMT's copy history linked
+     list yet, create the new copy history, put the old_copy_history as the
+     prev_copy of it.  */
+  copy_history_t new_cp_history = NULL;
+  if (!is_copy_history_existed (cond_location, is_true_path,
+                               reason, old_cp_history))
+    new_cp_history
+      = create_copy_history (cond_location, is_true_path,
+                            reason, old_cp_history);
+
+  /* Insert the copy history into the hash map.  */
+  if (new_cp_history)
+    {
+      insert_copy_history (stmt, new_cp_history);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Reset all state for diagnostic-copy-history.cc so that we can rerun the
+   compiler within the same process.  For use by toplev::finalize.  */
+
+void
+copy_history_finalize (void)
+{
+  if (copy_history_map)
+    {
+      delete copy_history_map;
+      copy_history_map = NULL;
+    }
+  obstack_free (&copy_history_obstack, NULL);
+  return;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.h b/gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..98c95388070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/diagnostic-copy-history.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/* Copy history associated with a gimple statement to record its history
+   of duplications due to different transformations.
+   The copy history will be used to construct events for later diagnostic.
+
+   Copyright (C) 2024-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by Qing Zhao <qing.z...@oracle.com>
+
+   This file is part of GCC.
+
+   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+   Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+   version.
+
+   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+   for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#ifndef DIAGNOSTIC_COPY_HISTORY_H_INCLUDED
+#define DIAGNOSTIC_COPY_HISTORY_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include "hash-map.h"
+#include "line-map.h"
+#include "gimple.h"
+
+/* An enum for the reason why this copy is made.  Right now, there are
+   three reasons, we can add more if needed.  */
+enum copy_reason {
+  COPY_BY_THREAD_JUMP,
+  COPY_BY_LOOP_UNSWITCH,
+  COPY_BY_LOOP_UNROLL
+};
+
+/* This data structure records the information when a statement is
+   duplicated during different transformations.  Such information
+   will be used by the later diagnostic messages to report more
+   contexts of the warnings or errors.  */
+struct copy_history {
+  /* The location of the condition statement that triggered the code
+     duplication.  */
+  location_t condition;
+
+  /* Whether this copy is on the TRUE path of the condition.  */
+  bool is_true_path;
+
+  /* The reason for the code duplication.  */
+  enum copy_reason reason;
+
+  /* This statement itself might be a previous code duplication.  */
+  struct copy_history *prev_copy;
+};
+
+typedef struct copy_history *copy_history_t;
+
+/* Create a new copy history.  */
+extern copy_history_t create_copy_history (location_t, bool,
+                                          enum copy_reason, copy_history_t);
+
+typedef hash_map<gimple *, copy_history_t> copy_history_map_t;
+
+/* Get the copy history for the gimple STMT, return NULL when there is
+   no associated copy history.  */
+extern copy_history_t get_copy_history (gimple *);
+
+/* Remove the copy history for STMT from the copy_history_map.  */
+extern void remove_copy_history (gimple *);
+
+/* Set copy history for the gimple STMT.  */
+extern bool set_copy_history (gimple *, location_t,
+                             bool, enum copy_reason);
+
+/* Reset all state for diagnostic-copy-history.cc so that we can rerun the
+   compiler within the same process.  For use by toplev::finalize.  */
+extern void copy_history_finalize (void);
+
+#endif // DIAGNOSTIC_COPY_HISTORY_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
index 30c4b002d1f..e1509950165 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialects}.
 -fdiagnostics-column-origin=@var{origin}
 -fdiagnostics-escape-format=@r{[}unicode@r{|}bytes@r{]}
 -fdiagnostics-text-art-charset=@r{[}none@r{|}ascii@r{|}unicode@r{|}emoji@r{]}}
+-fdiagnostics-try-to-explain-harder
 
 @item Warning Options
 @xref{Warning Options,,Options to Request or Suppress Warnings}.
@@ -5517,6 +5518,12 @@ left margin.
 This option controls the minimum width of the left margin printed by
 @option{-fdiagnostics-show-line-numbers}.  It defaults to 6.
 
+@opindex fdiagnostics-try-to-explain-harder
+@item -fdiagnostics-try-to-explain-harder
+With this option, the compiler collects more context information for
+diagnostics and emits them to the users to provide more hints on how
+the diagnostics come from.
+
 @opindex fdiagnostics-parseable-fixits
 @item -fdiagnostics-parseable-fixits
 Emit fix-it hints in a machine-parseable format, suitable for consumption
diff --git a/gcc/gimple-array-bounds.cc b/gcc/gimple-array-bounds.cc
index 1637a2fc4f4..9050b06bf1f 100644
--- a/gcc/gimple-array-bounds.cc
+++ b/gcc/gimple-array-bounds.cc
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #include "tree-dfa.h"
 #include "fold-const.h"
 #include "diagnostic-core.h"
+#include "simple-diagnostic-path.h"
+#include "diagnostic-copy-history.h"
 #include "intl.h"
 #include "tree-vrp.h"
 #include "alloc-pool.h"
@@ -261,7 +263,7 @@ get_up_bounds_for_array_ref (tree ref, tree *decl,
    return TRUE if warnings are issued.  */
 
 static bool
-check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (location_t location, tree ref,
+check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (gcc_rich_location *richloc, tree ref,
                              tree low_sub_org, tree low_sub, tree up_sub,
                              tree up_bound, tree up_bound_p1,
                              const irange *vr,
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (location_t location, tree ref,
     {
       *out_of_bound = true;
       if (for_array_bound)
-       warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+       warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                             "array subscript %E is outside array"
                             " bounds of %qT", low_sub_org, artype);
     }
@@ -299,7 +301,7 @@ check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (location_t location, tree ref,
        {
          *out_of_bound = true;
          if (for_array_bound)
-           warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+           warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                                 "array subscript [%E, %E] is outside "
                                 "array bounds of %qT",
                                 low_sub, up_sub, artype);
@@ -313,7 +315,7 @@ check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (location_t location, tree ref,
     {
       *out_of_bound = true;
       if (for_array_bound)
-       warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+       warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                             "array subscript %E is above array bounds of %qT",
                             up_sub, artype);
     }
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (location_t location, tree ref,
     {
       *out_of_bound = true;
       if (for_array_bound)
-       warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+       warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                             "array subscript %E is below array bounds of %qT",
                             low_sub, artype);
     }
@@ -338,7 +340,7 @@ check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (location_t location, tree ref,
    no-warning is set.  */
 
 bool
-array_bounds_checker::check_array_ref (location_t location, tree ref,
+array_bounds_checker::check_array_ref (gcc_rich_location *richloc , tree ref,
                                       gimple *stmt, bool ignore_off_by_one)
 {
   if (warning_suppressed_p (ref, OPT_Warray_bounds_))
@@ -388,15 +390,14 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_array_ref (location_t 
location, tree ref,
        }
     }
 
-  warned = check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (location, ref,
+  warned = check_out_of_bounds_and_warn (richloc, ref,
                                         low_sub_org, low_sub, up_sub,
                                         up_bound, up_bound_p1, &vr,
                                         ignore_off_by_one, warn_array_bounds,
                                         &out_of_bound);
 
-
   if (!warned && sam == special_array_member::int_0)
-    warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Wzero_length_bounds,
+    warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Wzero_length_bounds,
                         (TREE_CODE (low_sub) == INTEGER_CST
                          ? G_("array subscript %E is outside the bounds "
                               "of an interior zero-length array %qT")
@@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_array_ref (location_t location, 
tree ref,
       && DECL_NOT_FLEXARRAY (afield_decl))
     {
       bool warned1
-       = warning_at (location, OPT_Wstrict_flex_arrays,
+       = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Wstrict_flex_arrays,
                      "trailing array %qT should not be used as "
                      "a flexible array member",
                      artype);
@@ -477,7 +478,7 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_array_ref (location_t location, 
tree ref,
    Returns true if a warning has been issued.  */
 
 bool
-array_bounds_checker::check_mem_ref (location_t location, tree ref,
+array_bounds_checker::check_mem_ref (gcc_rich_location *richloc, tree ref,
                                     bool ignore_off_by_one)
 {
   if (warning_suppressed_p (ref, OPT_Warray_bounds_))
@@ -580,12 +581,12 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_mem_ref (location_t location, 
tree ref,
   if (lboob)
     {
       if (offrange[0] == offrange[1])
-       warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+       warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                             "array subscript %wi is outside array bounds "
                             "of %qT",
                             offrange[0].to_shwi (), reftype);
       else
-       warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+       warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                             "array subscript [%wi, %wi] is outside "
                             "array bounds of %qT",
                             offrange[0].to_shwi (),
@@ -600,7 +601,7 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_mem_ref (location_t location, 
tree ref,
        backtype = build_array_type_nelts (unsigned_char_type_node,
                                           aref.sizrng[1].to_uhwi ());
 
-      warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+      warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                           "array subscript %<%T[%wi]%> is partly "
                           "outside array bounds of %qT",
                           axstype, offrange[0].to_shwi (), backtype);
@@ -623,7 +624,7 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_mem_ref (location_t location, 
tree ref,
     {
       HOST_WIDE_INT tmpidx = (aref.offmax[i] / eltsize).to_shwi ();
 
-      if (warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+      if (warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                      "intermediate array offset %wi is outside array bounds "
                      "of %qT", tmpidx, reftype))
        {
@@ -639,7 +640,7 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_mem_ref (location_t location, 
tree ref,
    address of an ARRAY_REF, and call check_array_ref on it.  */
 
 void
-array_bounds_checker::check_addr_expr (location_t location, tree t,
+array_bounds_checker::check_addr_expr (gcc_rich_location *richloc, tree t,
                                       gimple *stmt)
 {
   /* For the most significant subscript only, accept taking the address
@@ -652,11 +653,11 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_addr_expr (location_t 
location, tree t,
       bool warned = false;
       if (TREE_CODE (t) == ARRAY_REF)
        {
-         warned = check_array_ref (location, t, stmt, ignore_off_by_one);
+         warned = check_array_ref (richloc, t, stmt, ignore_off_by_one);
          ignore_off_by_one = false;
        }
       else if (TREE_CODE (t) == MEM_REF)
-       warned = check_mem_ref (location, t, ignore_off_by_one);
+       warned = check_mem_ref (richloc, t, ignore_off_by_one);
 
       if (warned)
        suppress_warning (t, OPT_Warray_bounds_);
@@ -702,7 +703,7 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_addr_expr (location_t location, 
tree t,
          dump_generic_expr (MSG_NOTE, TDF_SLIM, t);
          fprintf (dump_file, "\n");
        }
-      warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+      warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                           "array subscript %wi is below "
                           "array bounds of %qT",
                           idx.to_shwi (), TREE_TYPE (tem));
@@ -716,7 +717,7 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_addr_expr (location_t location, 
tree t,
          dump_generic_expr (MSG_NOTE, TDF_SLIM, t);
          fprintf (dump_file, "\n");
        }
-      warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
+      warned = warning_at (richloc, OPT_Warray_bounds_,
                           "array subscript %wu is above "
                           "array bounds of %qT",
                           idx.to_uhwi (), TREE_TYPE (tem));
@@ -801,6 +802,21 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_array_bounds (tree *tp, int 
*walk_subtree,
   else
     location = gimple_location (wi->stmt);
 
+  /* Generate a rich location for this location.  */
+  gcc_rich_location richloc (location);
+  simple_diagnostic_path path (global_dc->printer);
+
+  /* Add events to this diagnostic_path per the copy_history attached to
+     the corresponding STMT.  */
+  copy_history_t cp_history = wi->stmt ? get_copy_history (wi->stmt) : NULL;
+  for (copy_history_t cur_ch = cp_history; cur_ch;
+       cur_ch = cur_ch->prev_copy)
+    path.add_event (cur_ch->condition, NULL_TREE, 0,
+                   "when the condition is evaluated to %s",
+                   cur_ch->is_true_path ? "true" : "false");
+
+  richloc.set_path (&path);
+
   *walk_subtree = true;
 
   bool warned = false;
@@ -808,14 +824,14 @@ array_bounds_checker::check_array_bounds (tree *tp, int 
*walk_subtree,
   gcc_assert (checker->m_stmt == wi->stmt);
 
   if (TREE_CODE (t) == ARRAY_REF)
-    warned = checker->check_array_ref (location, t, wi->stmt,
+    warned = checker->check_array_ref (&richloc, t, wi->stmt,
                                       false/*ignore_off_by_one*/);
   else if (TREE_CODE (t) == MEM_REF)
-    warned = checker->check_mem_ref (location, t,
+    warned = checker->check_mem_ref (&richloc, t,
                                     false /*ignore_off_by_one*/);
   else if (TREE_CODE (t) == ADDR_EXPR)
     {
-      checker->check_addr_expr (location, t, wi->stmt);
+      checker->check_addr_expr (&richloc, t, wi->stmt);
       *walk_subtree = false;
     }
   else if (inbounds_memaccess_p (t, wi->stmt))
diff --git a/gcc/gimple-array-bounds.h b/gcc/gimple-array-bounds.h
index aa7ca8e9730..c2f7a017fc2 100644
--- a/gcc/gimple-array-bounds.h
+++ b/gcc/gimple-array-bounds.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #define GCC_GIMPLE_ARRAY_BOUNDS_H
 
 #include "pointer-query.h"
+#include "gcc-rich-location.h"
 
 class array_bounds_checker
 {
@@ -32,9 +33,10 @@ public:
 
 private:
   static tree check_array_bounds (tree *tp, int *walk_subtree, void *data);
-  bool check_array_ref (location_t, tree, gimple *, bool ignore_off_by_one);
-  bool check_mem_ref (location_t, tree, bool ignore_off_by_one);
-  void check_addr_expr (location_t, tree, gimple *);
+  bool check_array_ref (gcc_rich_location *, tree, gimple *,
+                       bool ignore_off_by_one);
+  bool check_mem_ref (gcc_rich_location *, tree, bool ignore_off_by_one);
+  void check_addr_expr (gcc_rich_location *, tree, gimple *);
   void get_value_range (irange &r, const_tree op, gimple *);
 
   /* Current function.  */
diff --git a/gcc/gimple-iterator.cc b/gcc/gimple-iterator.cc
index 93646262eac..472a79360d7 100644
--- a/gcc/gimple-iterator.cc
+++ b/gcc/gimple-iterator.cc
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #include "tree-ssa.h"
 #include "value-prof.h"
 #include "gimplify.h"
+#include "diagnostic-copy-history.h"
 
 
 /* Mark the statement STMT as modified, and update it.  */
@@ -581,6 +582,8 @@ gsi_remove (gimple_stmt_iterator *i, bool 
remove_permanently)
        cfun->debug_marker_count--;
       require_eh_edge_purge = remove_stmt_from_eh_lp (stmt);
       gimple_remove_stmt_histograms (cfun, stmt);
+      if (get_copy_history (stmt) != NULL)
+       remove_copy_history (stmt);
     }
 
   /* Update the iterator and re-wire the links in I->SEQ.  */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/pr109071.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/pr109071.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd96a1a3a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/pr109071.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* PR tree-optimization/109071 need more context for -Warray-bounds warnings
+   due to code duplication from jump threading.  */  
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -Wall -fdiagnostics-try-to-explain-harder" } */
+/* { dg-additional-options "-fdiagnostics-show-line-numbers 
-fdiagnostics-path-format=inline-events -fdiagnostics-show-caret" } */
+/* { dg-enable-nn-line-numbers "" } */
+
+extern void warn(void);
+static inline void assign(int val, int *regs, int index)
+{
+  if (index >= 4)
+    warn();
+  *regs = val;
+}
+struct nums {int vals[4];};
+
+void sparx5_set (int *ptr, struct nums *sg, int index)
+{
+  int *val = &sg->vals[index]; /* { dg-warning "is above array bounds" } */
+
+  assign(0,    ptr, index);
+  assign(*val, ptr, index);
+}
+/* { dg-begin-multiline-output "" }
+   NN |   int *val = &sg->vals[index];
+      |               ~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~
+  event 1
+   NN |   if (index >= 4)
+      |      ^
+      |      |
+      |      (1) when the condition is evaluated to true
+   { dg-end-multiline-output "" } */
+
+/* { dg-begin-multiline-output "" }
+   NN | struct nums {int vals[4];};
+      |                  ^~~~
+   { dg-end-multiline-output "" } */
diff --git a/gcc/toplev.cc b/gcc/toplev.cc
index f715f977b72..e9ae55f64be 100644
--- a/gcc/toplev.cc
+++ b/gcc/toplev.cc
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #include "cgraph.h"
 #include "coverage.h"
 #include "diagnostic.h"
+#include "diagnostic-copy-history.h"
 #include "varasm.h"
 #include "tree-inline.h"
 #include "realmpfr.h"  /* For GMP/MPFR/MPC versions, in print_version.  */
@@ -2381,6 +2382,8 @@ toplev::finalize (void)
   tree_cc_finalize ();
   reginfo_cc_finalize ();
 
+  copy_history_finalize ();
+
   /* save_decoded_options uses opts_obstack, so these must
      be cleaned up together.  */
   obstack_free (&opts_obstack, NULL);
diff --git a/gcc/tree-ssa-threadupdate.cc b/gcc/tree-ssa-threadupdate.cc
index fa61ba9512b..78ee17da3a1 100644
--- a/gcc/tree-ssa-threadupdate.cc
+++ b/gcc/tree-ssa-threadupdate.cc
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
 #include "tree-cfg.h"
 #include "tree-vectorizer.h"
 #include "tree-pass.h"
+#include "diagnostic-copy-history.h"
 
 /* Given a block B, update the CFG and SSA graph to reflect redirecting
    one or more in-edges to B to instead reach the destination of an
@@ -2371,6 +2372,37 @@ back_jt_path_registry::adjust_paths_after_duplication 
(unsigned curr_path_num)
     }
 }
 
+/* Set copy history to all the stmts in the basic block BB based on
+   the entry edge ENTRY and whether this basic block is on the true
+   path of the condition in the destination of the edge ENTRY.
+   Return TRUE when copy history are set, otherwise return FALSE.  */
+
+static bool
+set_copy_history_to_stmts_in_bb (basic_block bb, edge entry, bool is_true_path)
+{
+  /* First, get the condition statement in the destination of the
+     edge ENTRY.  */
+  basic_block cond_block = entry->dest;
+  gimple *cond_stmt = NULL;
+  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+  gsi = gsi_last_bb (cond_block);
+  /* if the cond_block ends with a conditional statement, get it.  */
+  if (!gsi_end_p (gsi)
+      && gsi_stmt (gsi)
+      && (gimple_code (gsi_stmt (gsi)) == GIMPLE_COND))
+    cond_stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+
+  if (!cond_stmt)
+    return false;
+
+  for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+    set_copy_history (gsi_stmt (gsi),
+                     gimple_location (cond_stmt),
+                     is_true_path,
+                     COPY_BY_THREAD_JUMP);
+  return true;
+}
+
 /* Duplicates a jump-thread path of N_REGION basic blocks.
    The ENTRY edge is redirected to the duplicate of the region.
 
@@ -2419,6 +2451,16 @@ back_jt_path_registry::duplicate_thread_path (edge entry,
   copy_bbs (region, n_region, region_copy, &exit, 1, &exit_copy, loop,
            split_edge_bb_loc (entry), false);
 
+  /* Set the copy history for all the stmts in both original and copied
+     basic blocks.  The copied regions are in the true path.  */
+  if (flag_diagnostics_try_to_explain_harder)
+    for (i = 0; i < n_region; i++)
+      {
+       set_copy_history_to_stmts_in_bb (region[i], entry, false);
+       set_copy_history_to_stmts_in_bb (region_copy[i], entry, true);
+      }
+
+
   /* Fix up: copy_bbs redirects all edges pointing to copied blocks.  The
      following code ensures that all the edges exiting the jump-thread path are
      redirected back to the original code: these edges are exceptions
-- 
2.31.1


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