Tested powerpc64le-linux, pushed to trunk.

The overload of std::regex_replace that takes a std::basic_string as the
fmt argument (for the replacement string) is implemented in terms of the
one taking a const C*, which uses std::char_traits to find the length.
That means it stops at a null character, even though the basic_string
might have additional characters beyond that.

Rather than duplicate the implementation of the const C* one for the
std::basic_string case, this moves that implementation to a new
__regex_replace function which takes a const C* and a length. Then both
the std::basic_string and const C* overloads can call that (with the
latter using char_traits to find the length to pass to the new
function).

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

        PR libstdc++/103664
        * include/bits/regex.h (__regex_replace): Declare.
        (regex_replace): Use it.
        * include/bits/regex.tcc (__regex_replace): Replace regex_replace
        definition with __regex_replace.
        * testsuite/28_regex/algorithms/regex_replace/char/103664.cc: New test.
---
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h             | 20 +++++++++++++++++--
 libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.tcc           |  9 ++++-----
 .../algorithms/regex_replace/char/103664.cc   | 11 ++++++++++
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 
libstdc++-v3/testsuite/28_regex/algorithms/regex_replace/char/103664.cc

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h
index 52dcd7f86ae..91c63768581 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h
@@ -2488,6 +2488,15 @@ _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
                 = regex_constants::match_default) = delete;
 
   // std [28.11.4] Function template regex_replace
+
+  template<typename _Out_iter, typename _Bi_iter,
+          typename _Rx_traits, typename _Ch_type>
+    _Out_iter
+    __regex_replace(_Out_iter __out, _Bi_iter __first, _Bi_iter __last,
+                   const basic_regex<_Ch_type, _Rx_traits>& __e,
+                   const _Ch_type* __fmt, size_t __len,
+                   regex_constants::match_flag_type __flags);
+
   /**
    * @brief Search for a regular expression within a range for multiple times,
    and replace the matched parts through filling a format string.
@@ -2511,7 +2520,8 @@ _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
                  regex_constants::match_flag_type __flags
                  = regex_constants::match_default)
     {
-      return regex_replace(__out, __first, __last, __e, __fmt.c_str(), 
__flags);
+      return std::__regex_replace(__out, __first, __last, __e, __fmt.c_str(),
+                                 __fmt.length(), __flags);
     }
 
   /**
@@ -2534,7 +2544,13 @@ _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
                  const basic_regex<_Ch_type, _Rx_traits>& __e,
                  const _Ch_type* __fmt,
                  regex_constants::match_flag_type __flags
-                 = regex_constants::match_default);
+                 = regex_constants::match_default)
+    {
+      return std::__regex_replace(__out, __first, __last, __e, __fmt,
+                                 char_traits<_Ch_type>::length(__fmt),
+                                 __flags);
+    }
+
 
   /**
    * @brief Search for a regular expression within a string for multiple times,
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.tcc 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.tcc
index c8bdd377c18..12ee9f0a989 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.tcc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.tcc
@@ -461,10 +461,10 @@ namespace __detail
   template<typename _Out_iter, typename _Bi_iter,
           typename _Rx_traits, typename _Ch_type>
     _Out_iter
-    regex_replace(_Out_iter __out, _Bi_iter __first, _Bi_iter __last,
-                 const basic_regex<_Ch_type, _Rx_traits>& __e,
-                 const _Ch_type* __fmt,
-                 regex_constants::match_flag_type __flags)
+    __regex_replace(_Out_iter __out, _Bi_iter __first, _Bi_iter __last,
+                   const basic_regex<_Ch_type, _Rx_traits>& __e,
+                   const _Ch_type* __fmt, size_t __len,
+                   regex_constants::match_flag_type __flags)
     {
       typedef regex_iterator<_Bi_iter, _Ch_type, _Rx_traits> _IterT;
       _IterT __i(__first, __last, __e, __flags);
@@ -477,7 +477,6 @@ namespace __detail
       else
        {
          sub_match<_Bi_iter> __last;
-         auto __len = char_traits<_Ch_type>::length(__fmt);
          for (; __i != __end; ++__i)
            {
              if (!(__flags & regex_constants::format_no_copy))
diff --git 
a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/28_regex/algorithms/regex_replace/char/103664.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/28_regex/algorithms/regex_replace/char/103664.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca75e49ed3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/28_regex/algorithms/regex_replace/char/103664.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
+
+#include <regex>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  // PR libstdc++/103664
+  std::string a = regex_replace("123", std::regex("2"), std::string("a\0b", 
3));
+  VERIFY( a == std::string("1a\0b3", 5) );
+}
-- 
2.31.1

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