In encode_ieee_double/quad, the assignment

  unsigned long VAL = r->sign << 31;

is intended to set the 31st bit of VAL whenever the given REAL_CST is
negative.  But on LP64 hosts it also unintentionally sets the upper 32
bits of VAL due to the promotion of r->sign from unsigned:1 to int and
the subsequent sign extension of the shifted value from int to long.

In the C++ frontend, this bug causes incorrect mangling of negative
double values due to the output of real_to_target during write_real_cst
unexpectedly having the upper 32 bits of each word set.  (I'm not sure
if/how this bug manifests itself outside of the frontend..)

This patch fixes this by avoiding the unwanted sign extension.  Note
that r0-53976 fixed the same bug in encode_ieee_single long ago.

Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
trunk and perhaps the release branches?

        PR c++/98216
        PR c++/91292

gcc/ChangeLog:

        * real.c (encode_ieee_double): Avoid incorrect sign extension.
        (encode_ieee_quad): Likewise.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

        * g++.dg/cpp2a/nontype-float2.C: New test.
---
 gcc/real.c                                  |  6 ++++--
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/nontype-float2.C | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/nontype-float2.C

diff --git a/gcc/real.c b/gcc/real.c
index 555cf44c142..8c7a47a69e6 100644
--- a/gcc/real.c
+++ b/gcc/real.c
@@ -3150,9 +3150,10 @@ encode_ieee_double (const struct real_format *fmt, long 
*buf,
                    const REAL_VALUE_TYPE *r)
 {
   unsigned long image_lo, image_hi, sig_lo, sig_hi, exp;
+  unsigned long sign = r->sign;
   bool denormal = (r->sig[SIGSZ-1] & SIG_MSB) == 0;
 
-  image_hi = r->sign << 31;
+  image_hi = sign << 31;
   image_lo = 0;
 
   if (HOST_BITS_PER_LONG == 64)
@@ -3938,10 +3939,11 @@ encode_ieee_quad (const struct real_format *fmt, long 
*buf,
                  const REAL_VALUE_TYPE *r)
 {
   unsigned long image3, image2, image1, image0, exp;
+  unsigned long sign = r->sign;
   bool denormal = (r->sig[SIGSZ-1] & SIG_MSB) == 0;
   REAL_VALUE_TYPE u;
 
-  image3 = r->sign << 31;
+  image3 = sign << 31;
   image2 = 0;
   image1 = 0;
   image0 = 0;
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/nontype-float2.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/nontype-float2.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5db208a05d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/nontype-float2.C
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// PR c++/98216
+// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
+
+template<auto> void f() { }
+
+template void f<-1.0f>();
+template void f<-2.0f>();
+
+template void f<-1.0>();
+template void f<-2.0>();
+
+template void f<-1.0L>();
+template void f<-2.0L>();
-- 
2.33.0.514.g99c99ed825

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