While we have `configure' checks for the individual POSIX 2008 extended 
locale functions we refer to and use to guard the respective call sites, 
we only verify the presence of `newlocale' for our global feature enable 
check.  Consequently compilation fails for targets like NetBSD that only 
have partial support for POSIX 2008 locale features and in particular 
lack the `uselocale' function:

.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c: In function 'data_transfer_init_worker':
.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c:3416:30: error:
'old_locale_lock' undeclared (first use in this function)
 3416 |       __gthread_mutex_lock (&old_locale_lock);
      |                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c:3416:30: note: each undeclared identifier is 
reported only once for each function it appears in
.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c:3417:12: error:
'old_locale_ctr' undeclared (first use in this function)
 3417 |       if (!old_locale_ctr++)
      |            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c:3419:11: error:
'old_locale' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'c_locale'?
 3419 |           old_locale = setlocale (LC_NUMERIC, NULL);
      |           ^~~~~~~~~~
      |           c_locale
.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c: In function 'finalize_transfer':
.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c:4253:26: error:
'old_locale_lock' undeclared (first use in this function)
 4253 |   __gthread_mutex_lock (&old_locale_lock);
      |                          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c:4254:10: error:
'old_locale_ctr' undeclared (first use in this function)
 4254 |   if (!--old_locale_ctr)
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.../libgfortran/io/transfer.c:4256:30: error:
'old_locale' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'c_locale'?
 4256 |       setlocale (LC_NUMERIC, old_locale);
      |                              ^~~~~~~~~~
      |                              c_locale
make[3]: *** [Makefile:6221: transfer.lo] Error 1

Only enable the use of POSIX 2008 extended locale features then when all 
the three functions required are present, removing said build errors.

        libgfortran/
        * io/io.h [HAVE_NEWLOCALE]: Also check for HAVE_FREELOCALE and
        HAVE_USELOCALE.
        [HAVE_FREELOCALE && HAVE_NEWLOCALE && HAVE_USELOCALE]
        (HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE): New macro.
        (st_parameter_dt) [HAVE_NEWLOCALE]: Check for
        HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE instead.
        * io/transfer.c (data_transfer_init_worker, finalize_transfer)
        [HAVE_USELOCALE]: Check for HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE instead.
        * io/unit.c [HAVE_NEWLOCALE]: Likewise.
        (init_units) [HAVE_NEWLOCALE]: Likewise.
        (close_units) [HAVE_FREELOCALE]: Likewise.
        * runtime/error.c (gf_strerror) [HAVE_USELOCALE]: Likewise.
---
 libgfortran/io/io.h         |   10 +++++++---
 libgfortran/io/transfer.c   |    4 ++--
 libgfortran/io/unit.c       |    6 +++---
 libgfortran/runtime/error.c |    2 +-
 4 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

gcc-netbsd-libgfortran-locale.diff
Index: gcc/libgfortran/io/io.h
===================================================================
--- gcc.orig/libgfortran/io/io.h
+++ gcc/libgfortran/io/io.h
@@ -52,8 +52,12 @@ struct format_data;
 typedef struct fnode fnode;
 struct gfc_unit;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_NEWLOCALE
-/* We have POSIX 2008 extended locale stuff.  */
+#if defined (HAVE_FREELOCALE) && defined (HAVE_NEWLOCALE) \
+  && defined (HAVE_USELOCALE)
+/* We have POSIX 2008 extended locale stuff.  We only choose to use it
+   if all the functions required are present as some systems, e.g. NetBSD
+   do not have `uselocale'.  */
+#define HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
 extern locale_t c_locale;
 internal_proto(c_locale);
 #else
@@ -562,7 +566,7 @@ typedef struct st_parameter_dt
          char *line_buffer;
          struct format_data *fmt;
          namelist_info *ionml;
-#ifdef HAVE_NEWLOCALE
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
          locale_t old_locale;
 #endif
          /* Current position within the look-ahead line buffer.  */
Index: gcc/libgfortran/io/transfer.c
===================================================================
--- gcc.orig/libgfortran/io/transfer.c
+++ gcc/libgfortran/io/transfer.c
@@ -3410,7 +3410,7 @@ data_transfer_init_worker (st_parameter_
 
   if (dtp->u.p.current_unit->flags.form == FORM_FORMATTED)
     {
-#ifdef HAVE_USELOCALE
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
       dtp->u.p.old_locale = uselocale (c_locale);
 #else
       __gthread_mutex_lock (&old_locale_lock);
@@ -4243,7 +4243,7 @@ finalize_transfer (st_parameter_dt *dtp)
        }
     }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_USELOCALE
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
   if (dtp->u.p.old_locale != (locale_t) 0)
     {
       uselocale (dtp->u.p.old_locale);
Index: gcc/libgfortran/io/unit.c
===================================================================
--- gcc.orig/libgfortran/io/unit.c
+++ gcc/libgfortran/io/unit.c
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static char stdout_name[] = "stdout";
 static char stderr_name[] = "stderr";
 
 
-#ifdef HAVE_NEWLOCALE
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
 locale_t c_locale;
 #else
 /* If we don't have POSIX 2008 per-thread locales, we need to use the
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ init_units (void)
 {
   gfc_unit *u;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_NEWLOCALE
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
   c_locale = newlocale (0, "C", 0);
 #else
 #ifndef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ close_units (void)
 
   free (newunits);
 
-#ifdef HAVE_FREELOCALE
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
   freelocale (c_locale);
 #endif
 }
Index: gcc/libgfortran/runtime/error.c
===================================================================
--- gcc.orig/libgfortran/runtime/error.c
+++ gcc/libgfortran/runtime/error.c
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ gf_strerror (int errnum,
     p = strerror (errnum);
   return p;
 #elif defined(HAVE_STRERROR_R)
-#ifdef HAVE_USELOCALE
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
   /* Some targets (Darwin at least) have the POSIX 2008 extended
      locale functions, but not strerror_l.  So reset the per-thread
      locale here.  */

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