... the below, slightly extended patch: 1- Makes sure the in_system_header_at calls surviving in decl.c get the same location used for the corresponding diagnostic; exploit locations[ds_typedef] in an error_at in grokdeclarator.

Tested, as usual, on x86_64-linux.

Thanks, Paolo.

/////////////////////////

/cp
2019-10-16  Paolo Carlini  <paolo.carl...@oracle.com>

        * decl.c (grokfndecl): Remove redundant use of in_system_header_at.
        (compute_array_index_type_loc): Likewise.
        (grokdeclarator): Likewise.
        * error.c (cp_printer): Likewise.
        * lambda.c (add_default_capture): Likewise.
        * parser.c (cp_parser_primary_expression): Likewise.
        (cp_parser_selection_statement): Likewise.
        (cp_parser_toplevel_declaration): Likewise.
        (cp_parser_enumerator_list): Likewise.
        (cp_parser_using_declaration): Likewise.
        (cp_parser_member_declaration): Likewise.
        (cp_parser_exception_specification_opt): Likewise.
        (cp_parser_std_attribute_spec): Likewise.
        * pt.c (do_decl_instantiation): Likewise.
        (do_type_instantiation): Likewise.
        * typeck.c (cp_build_unary_op): Likewise.

        * decl.c (check_tag_decl): Pass to in_system_header_at the same
        location used for the permerror.
        (grokdeclarator): Likewise.

        * decl.c (check_tag_decl): Use locations[ds_typedef] in error_at.

/testsuite
2019-10-16  Paolo Carlini  <paolo.carl...@oracle.com>

        * g++.old-deja/g++.other/decl9.C: Check locations too.
Index: cp/decl.c
===================================================================
--- cp/decl.c   (revision 276984)
+++ cp/decl.c   (working copy)
@@ -4933,9 +4933,9 @@ check_tag_decl (cp_decl_specifier_seq *declspecs,
              "multiple types in one declaration");
   else if (declspecs->redefined_builtin_type)
     {
-      if (!in_system_header_at (input_location))
-       permerror (declspecs->locations[ds_redefined_builtin_type_spec],
-                  "redeclaration of C++ built-in type %qT",
+      location_t loc = declspecs->locations[ds_redefined_builtin_type_spec];
+      if (!in_system_header_at (loc))
+       permerror (loc, "redeclaration of C++ built-in type %qT",
                   declspecs->redefined_builtin_type);
       return NULL_TREE;
     }
@@ -4984,7 +4984,8 @@ check_tag_decl (cp_decl_specifier_seq *declspecs,
         --end example]  */
       if (saw_typedef)
        {
-         error ("missing type-name in typedef-declaration");
+         error_at (declspecs->locations[ds_typedef],
+                   "missing type-name in typedef-declaration");
          return NULL_TREE;
        }
       /* Anonymous unions are objects, so they can have specifiers.  */;
@@ -9328,7 +9329,6 @@ grokfndecl (tree ctype,
            }
          /* 17.6.3.3.5  */
          if (suffix[0] != '_'
-             && !in_system_header_at (location)
              && !current_function_decl && !(friendp && !funcdef_flag))
            warning_at (location, OPT_Wliteral_suffix,
                        "literal operator suffixes not preceded by %<_%>"
@@ -10036,8 +10036,6 @@ compute_array_index_type_loc (location_t name_loc,
               indicated by the state of complain), so that
               another substitution can be found.  */
            return error_mark_node;
-         else if (in_system_header_at (input_location))
-           /* Allow them in system headers because glibc uses them.  */;
          else if (name)
            pedwarn (loc, OPT_Wpedantic,
                     "ISO C++ forbids zero-size array %qD", name);
@@ -11004,7 +11002,7 @@ grokdeclarator (const cp_declarator *declarator,
 
       if (type_was_error_mark_node)
        /* We've already issued an error, don't complain more.  */;
-      else if (in_system_header_at (input_location) || flag_ms_extensions)
+      else if (in_system_header_at (id_loc) || flag_ms_extensions)
        /* Allow it, sigh.  */;
       else if (! is_main)
        permerror (id_loc, "ISO C++ forbids declaration of %qs with no type",
@@ -11037,7 +11035,7 @@ grokdeclarator (const cp_declarator *declarator,
        }
       /* Don't pedwarn if the alternate "__intN__" form has been used instead
         of "__intN".  */
-      else if (!int_n_alt && pedantic && ! in_system_header_at 
(input_location))
+      else if (!int_n_alt && pedantic)
        pedwarn (declspecs->locations[ds_type_spec], OPT_Wpedantic,
                 "ISO C++ does not support %<__int%d%> for %qs",
                 int_n_data[declspecs->int_n_idx].bitsize, name);
@@ -12695,10 +12693,7 @@ grokdeclarator (const cp_declarator *declarator,
            else
              {
                /* Array is a flexible member.  */
-               if (in_system_header_at (input_location))
-                 /* Do not warn on flexible array members in system
-                    headers because glibc uses them.  */;
-               else if (name)
+               if (name)
                  pedwarn (id_loc, OPT_Wpedantic,
                           "ISO C++ forbids flexible array member %qs", name);
                else
Index: cp/error.c
===================================================================
--- cp/error.c  (revision 276984)
+++ cp/error.c  (working copy)
@@ -4317,10 +4317,7 @@ cp_printer (pretty_printer *pp, text_info *text, c
 void
 maybe_warn_cpp0x (cpp0x_warn_str str)
 {
-  if ((cxx_dialect == cxx98) && !in_system_header_at (input_location))
-    /* We really want to suppress this warning in system headers,
-       because libstdc++ uses variadic templates even when we aren't
-       in C++0x mode. */
+  if (cxx_dialect == cxx98)
     switch (str)
       {
       case CPP0X_INITIALIZER_LISTS:
Index: cp/lambda.c
===================================================================
--- cp/lambda.c (revision 276984)
+++ cp/lambda.c (working copy)
@@ -697,8 +697,7 @@ add_default_capture (tree lambda_stack, tree id, t
       /* Warn about deprecated implicit capture of this via [=].  */
       if (cxx_dialect >= cxx2a
          && this_capture_p
-         && LAMBDA_EXPR_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_MODE (lambda) == CPLD_COPY
-         && !in_system_header_at (LAMBDA_EXPR_LOCATION (lambda)))
+         && LAMBDA_EXPR_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_MODE (lambda) == CPLD_COPY)
        {
          if (warning_at (LAMBDA_EXPR_LOCATION (lambda), OPT_Wdeprecated,
                          "implicit capture of %qE via %<[=]%> is deprecated "
Index: cp/parser.c
===================================================================
--- cp/parser.c (revision 276984)
+++ cp/parser.c (working copy)
@@ -5364,8 +5364,7 @@ cp_parser_primary_expression (cp_parser *parser,
          {
            expr = cp_parser_fold_expression (parser, expr);
            if (expr != error_mark_node
-               && cxx_dialect < cxx17
-               && !in_system_header_at (input_location))
+               && cxx_dialect < cxx17)
              pedwarn (input_location, 0, "fold-expressions only available "
                       "with %<-std=c++17%> or %<-std=gnu++17%>");
          }
@@ -11817,7 +11816,7 @@ cp_parser_selection_statement (cp_parser* parser,
          {
            cx = true;
            cp_token *tok = cp_lexer_consume_token (parser->lexer);
-           if (cxx_dialect < cxx17 && !in_system_header_at (tok->location))
+           if (cxx_dialect < cxx17)
              pedwarn (tok->location, 0, "%<if constexpr%> only available "
                       "with %<-std=c++17%> or %<-std=gnu++17%>");
          }
@@ -13314,8 +13313,7 @@ cp_parser_toplevel_declaration (cp_parser* parser)
       /* A declaration consisting of a single semicolon is
         invalid.  Allow it unless we're being pedantic.  */
       cp_lexer_consume_token (parser->lexer);
-      if (!in_system_header_at (input_location))
-       pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wpedantic, "extra %<;%>");
+      pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wpedantic, "extra %<;%>");
     }
   else
     /* Parse the declaration itself.  */
@@ -19193,7 +19191,7 @@ cp_parser_enumerator_list (cp_parser* parser, tree
       /* If the next token is a `}', there is a trailing comma.  */
       if (cp_lexer_next_token_is (parser->lexer, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
        {
-         if (cxx_dialect < cxx11 && !in_system_header_at (input_location))
+         if (cxx_dialect < cxx11)
            pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wpedantic,
                      "comma at end of enumerator list");
          break;
@@ -19655,8 +19653,7 @@ cp_parser_using_declaration (cp_parser* parser,
   else if (cp_lexer_next_token_is (parser->lexer, CPP_ELLIPSIS))
     {
       cp_token *ell = cp_lexer_consume_token (parser->lexer);
-      if (cxx_dialect < cxx17
-         && !in_system_header_at (ell->location))
+      if (cxx_dialect < cxx17)
        pedwarn (ell->location, 0,
                 "pack expansion in using-declaration only available "
                 "with %<-std=c++17%> or %<-std=gnu++17%>");
@@ -24835,7 +24832,6 @@ cp_parser_member_declaration (cp_parser* parser)
                  location_t loc
                    = cp_lexer_peek_token (parser->lexer)->location;
                  if (cxx_dialect < cxx2a
-                     && !in_system_header_at (loc)
                      && identifier != NULL_TREE)
                    pedwarn (loc, 0,
                             "default member initializers for bit-fields "
@@ -25692,7 +25688,7 @@ cp_parser_exception_specification_opt (cp_parser*
                         "specifications");
          type_id_list = NULL_TREE;
        }
-      else if (cxx_dialect >= cxx11 && !in_system_header_at (loc))
+      else if (cxx_dialect >= cxx11)
        warning_at (loc, OPT_Wdeprecated,
                    "dynamic exception specifications are deprecated in "
                    "C++11");
@@ -26680,8 +26676,7 @@ cp_parser_std_attribute_spec (cp_parser *parser)
          if (attr_ns
              && cp_lexer_nth_token_is (parser->lexer, 3, CPP_COLON))
            {
-             if (cxx_dialect < cxx17
-                 && !in_system_header_at (input_location))
+             if (cxx_dialect < cxx17)
                pedwarn (input_location, 0,
                         "attribute using prefix only available "
                         "with %<-std=c++17%> or %<-std=gnu++17%>");
Index: cp/pt.c
===================================================================
--- cp/pt.c     (revision 276984)
+++ cp/pt.c     (working copy)
@@ -24257,7 +24257,7 @@ do_decl_instantiation (tree decl, tree storage)
     ;
   else if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_EXTERN])
     {
-      if (!in_system_header_at (input_location) && (cxx_dialect == cxx98))
+      if (cxx_dialect == cxx98)
        pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wpedantic,
                 "ISO C++ 1998 forbids the use of %<extern%> on explicit "
                 "instantiations");
@@ -24339,20 +24339,17 @@ do_type_instantiation (tree t, tree storage, tsubs
 
   if (storage != NULL_TREE)
     {
-      if (!in_system_header_at (input_location))
+      if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_EXTERN])
        {
-         if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_EXTERN])
-           {
-             if (cxx_dialect == cxx98)
-               pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wpedantic,
-                        "ISO C++ 1998 forbids the use of %<extern%> on "
-                        "explicit instantiations");
-           }
-         else
+         if (cxx_dialect == cxx98)
            pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wpedantic,
-                    "ISO C++ forbids the use of %qE"
-                    " on explicit instantiations", storage);
+                    "ISO C++ 1998 forbids the use of %<extern%> on "
+                    "explicit instantiations");
        }
+      else
+       pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wpedantic,
+                "ISO C++ forbids the use of %qE"
+                " on explicit instantiations", storage);
 
       if (storage == ridpointers[(int) RID_INLINE])
        nomem_p = 1;
Index: cp/typeck.c
===================================================================
--- cp/typeck.c (revision 276984)
+++ cp/typeck.c (working copy)
@@ -6533,7 +6533,7 @@ cp_build_unary_op (enum tree_code code, tree xarg,
                    return error_mark_node;
                  }
                /* Otherwise, [depr.incr.bool] says this is deprecated.  */
-               else if (!in_system_header_at (input_location))
+               else
                  warning (OPT_Wdeprecated, "use of an operand of type %qT "
                           "in %<operator++%> is deprecated",
                           boolean_type_node);
Index: testsuite/g++.old-deja/g++.other/decl9.C
===================================================================
--- testsuite/g++.old-deja/g++.other/decl9.C    (revision 276984)
+++ testsuite/g++.old-deja/g++.other/decl9.C    (working copy)
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // Contributed by Gabriel Dos Reis <g...@codesourcery.com>
 
 typedef struct { } S;           // OK
-typedef struct { };             // { dg-error "" } Missing type-name
+typedef struct { };             // { dg-error "1:missing type-name" } Missing 
type-name
 
 typedef union { } U;            // OK
-typedef union { };              // { dg-error "" } Missing type-name
+typedef union { };              // { dg-error "1:missing type-name" } Missing 
type-name

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