This PR is about wrong-code and has gone undetected for over 10 years (!).
The issue is that e.g. the following

  (signed char) x == 0 ? (unsigned long long) x : 0

was wrongly folded to 0, because fold_cond_expr_with_comparison will fold
A != 0 ? A : 0 to 0.  But for x = 0x01000000 this is wrong: (signed char) is 0,
but (unsigned long long) x is not.  The culprit is 
operand_equal_for_comparison_p
which contains shorten_compare-like code which says that the above is safe to
fold.  The code harks back to 1992 so I thought it worth to just get rid of it.

But I did some measurements and it turns out that substituting operand_equal_p
for operand_equal_for_comparison_p prevents folding ~60000 times in bootstrap.
So I feel uneasy about removing the function completely. Instead, I propose to
remove just the part that is causing trouble.  (Maybe I should also delete the
first call to operand_equal_p in operand_equal_for_comparison_p.)

Bootstrapped/regtested on x86_64-linux, ok for trunk?  What about 7?

2017-08-17  Marek Polacek  <pola...@redhat.com>

        PR middle-end/81814
        * fold-const.c (operand_equal_for_comparison_p): Remove code that used
        to mimic what shorten_compare did.  Change the return type to bool.
        (fold_cond_expr_with_comparison): Update call to
        operand_equal_for_comparison_p.
        (fold_ternary_loc): Likewise.

        * gcc.dg/torture/pr81814.c: New test.

diff --git gcc/fold-const.c gcc/fold-const.c
index 0a5b168c320..fef9b1a707a 100644
--- gcc/fold-const.c
+++ gcc/fold-const.c
@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ static tree negate_expr (tree);
 static tree associate_trees (location_t, tree, tree, enum tree_code, tree);
 static enum comparison_code comparison_to_compcode (enum tree_code);
 static enum tree_code compcode_to_comparison (enum comparison_code);
-static int operand_equal_for_comparison_p (tree, tree, tree);
 static int twoval_comparison_p (tree, tree *, tree *, int *);
 static tree eval_subst (location_t, tree, tree, tree, tree, tree);
 static tree optimize_bit_field_compare (location_t, enum tree_code,
@@ -3365,60 +3364,27 @@ operand_equal_p (const_tree arg0, const_tree arg1, 
unsigned int flags)
 #undef OP_SAME_WITH_NULL
 }
 
-/* Similar to operand_equal_p, but see if ARG0 might have been made by
-   shorten_compare from ARG1 when ARG1 was being compared with OTHER.
+/* Similar to operand_equal_p, but strip nops first.  */
 
-   When in doubt, return 0.  */
-
-static int
-operand_equal_for_comparison_p (tree arg0, tree arg1, tree other)
+static bool
+operand_equal_for_comparison_p (tree arg0, tree arg1)
 {
-  int unsignedp1, unsignedpo;
-  tree primarg0, primarg1, primother;
-  unsigned int correct_width;
-
   if (operand_equal_p (arg0, arg1, 0))
-    return 1;
+    return true;
 
   if (! INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg0))
       || ! INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg1)))
-    return 0;
+    return false;
 
   /* Discard any conversions that don't change the modes of ARG0 and ARG1
      and see if the inner values are the same.  This removes any
      signedness comparison, which doesn't matter here.  */
-  primarg0 = arg0, primarg1 = arg1;
-  STRIP_NOPS (primarg0);
-  STRIP_NOPS (primarg1);
-  if (operand_equal_p (primarg0, primarg1, 0))
-    return 1;
-
-  /* Duplicate what shorten_compare does to ARG1 and see if that gives the
-     actual comparison operand, ARG0.
-
-     First throw away any conversions to wider types
-     already present in the operands.  */
-
-  primarg1 = get_narrower (arg1, &unsignedp1);
-  primother = get_narrower (other, &unsignedpo);
-
-  correct_width = TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg1));
-  if (unsignedp1 == unsignedpo
-      && TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (primarg1)) < correct_width
-      && TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (primother)) < correct_width)
-    {
-      tree type = TREE_TYPE (arg0);
-
-      /* Make sure shorter operand is extended the right way
-        to match the longer operand.  */
-      primarg1 = fold_convert (signed_or_unsigned_type_for
-                              (unsignedp1, TREE_TYPE (primarg1)), primarg1);
-
-      if (operand_equal_p (arg0, fold_convert (type, primarg1), 0))
-       return 1;
-    }
+  STRIP_NOPS (arg0);
+  STRIP_NOPS (arg1);
+  if (operand_equal_p (arg0, arg1, 0))
+    return true;
 
-  return 0;
+  return false;
 }
 
 /* See if ARG is an expression that is either a comparison or is performing
@@ -5300,7 +5266,7 @@ fold_cond_expr_with_comparison (location_t loc, tree type,
      expressions will be false, so all four give B.  The min()
      and max() versions would give a NaN instead.  */
   if (!HONOR_SIGNED_ZEROS (element_mode (type))
-      && operand_equal_for_comparison_p (arg01, arg2, arg00)
+      && operand_equal_for_comparison_p (arg01, arg2)
       /* Avoid these transformations if the COND_EXPR may be used
         as an lvalue in the C++ front-end.  PR c++/19199.  */
       && (in_gimple_form
@@ -11357,8 +11323,7 @@ fold_ternary_loc (location_t loc, enum tree_code code, 
tree type,
 
          Also try swapping the arguments and inverting the conditional.  */
       if (COMPARISON_CLASS_P (arg0)
-         && operand_equal_for_comparison_p (TREE_OPERAND (arg0, 0),
-                                            arg1, TREE_OPERAND (arg0, 1))
+         && operand_equal_for_comparison_p (TREE_OPERAND (arg0, 0), arg1)
          && !HONOR_SIGNED_ZEROS (element_mode (arg1)))
        {
          tem = fold_cond_expr_with_comparison (loc, type, arg0, op1, op2);
@@ -11367,9 +11332,7 @@ fold_ternary_loc (location_t loc, enum tree_code code, 
tree type,
        }
 
       if (COMPARISON_CLASS_P (arg0)
-         && operand_equal_for_comparison_p (TREE_OPERAND (arg0, 0),
-                                            op2,
-                                            TREE_OPERAND (arg0, 1))
+         && operand_equal_for_comparison_p (TREE_OPERAND (arg0, 0), op2)
          && !HONOR_SIGNED_ZEROS (element_mode (op2)))
        {
          location_t loc0 = expr_location_or (arg0, loc);
diff --git gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/torture/pr81814.c 
gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/torture/pr81814.c
index e69de29bb2d..aaf7c7f3041 100644
--- gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/torture/pr81814.c
+++ gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/torture/pr81814.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* PR middle-end/81814 */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  int i = 0x01000000;
+  int a;
+
+  a = ((signed char) i) != 0 ? 0 : (unsigned long long int) i;
+  if (a != 0x01000000)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  a = ((signed short int) i) != 0 ? 0 : (unsigned long long int) i;
+  if (a != 0x01000000)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  a = ((unsigned short int) i) != 0 ? 0 : (unsigned long long int) i;
+  if (a != 0x01000000)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  a = ((unsigned char) i) != 0 ? 0 : (unsigned long long int) i;
+  if (a != 0x01000000)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  a = ((signed char) i) == 0 ? (unsigned long long int) i : 0;
+  if (a != 0x01000000)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  a = ((signed short int) i) == 0 ? (unsigned long long int) i : 0;
+  if (a != 0x01000000)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  a = ((unsigned short int) i) == 0 ? (unsigned long long int) i : 0;
+  if (a != 0x01000000)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  a = ((unsigned char) i) == 0 ? (unsigned long long int) i : 0;
+  if (a != 0x01000000)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+
+  return 0;
+}

        Marek

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