The problem in this testcase is that when we first parse C<T> we look
up the canonical instantiation of C<T> which doesn't see inside A<T>
because it happens at global scope, but then in strip_typedefs we are
in the context of A<T>, so the call to make_typename_type in
strip_typedefs was finding the error and causing trouble, because we
don't expect strip_typedefs to change anything.

This is an oddity with the current semi-specification of alias
templates that I hope to address in the standard soon, but for now
this patch addresses the issue by rebuilding a TYPENAME_TYPE in
strip_typedefs, even if we could resolve it in the current scope.

Tested x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, applying to trunk.
commit 9ab225e01a4aad9a95b6a744196cd03bce9c6e28
Author: Jason Merrill <ja...@redhat.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 27 15:25:30 2017 -0400

            PR c++/72764 - ICE with invalid template typename.
    
            * decl.c (build_typename_type): No longer static.
            * tree.c (strip_typedefs): Use it instead of make_typename_type.

diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
index f82b1b6..946a916 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
+++ b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
@@ -6087,6 +6087,7 @@ extern tree define_label                  (location_t, 
tree);
 extern void check_goto                         (tree);
 extern bool check_omp_return                   (void);
 extern tree make_typename_type                 (tree, tree, enum tag_types, 
tsubst_flags_t);
+extern tree build_typename_type                        (tree, tree, tree, 
tag_types);
 extern tree make_unbound_class_template                (tree, tree, tree, 
tsubst_flags_t);
 extern tree build_library_fn_ptr               (const char *, tree, int);
 extern tree build_cp_library_fn_ptr            (const char *, tree, int);
diff --git a/gcc/cp/decl.c b/gcc/cp/decl.c
index 93e24fc..3d96a3e 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/decl.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/decl.c
@@ -3594,7 +3594,7 @@ struct typename_hasher : ggc_ptr_hash<tree_node>
 
 static GTY (()) hash_table<typename_hasher> *typename_htab;
 
-static tree
+tree
 build_typename_type (tree context, tree name, tree fullname,
                     enum tag_types tag_type)
 {
diff --git a/gcc/cp/tree.c b/gcc/cp/tree.c
index bb17278..4535af6 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/tree.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/tree.c
@@ -1503,13 +1503,13 @@ strip_typedefs (tree t, bool *remove_attributes)
       break;
     case TYPENAME_TYPE:
       {
+       bool changed = false;
        tree fullname = TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (t);
        if (TREE_CODE (fullname) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
            && TREE_OPERAND (fullname, 1))
          {
            tree args = TREE_OPERAND (fullname, 1);
            tree new_args = copy_node (args);
-           bool changed = false;
            for (int i = 0; i < TREE_VEC_LENGTH (args); ++i)
              {
                tree arg = TREE_VEC_ELT (args, i);
@@ -1533,12 +1533,15 @@ strip_typedefs (tree t, bool *remove_attributes)
            else
              ggc_free (new_args);
          }
-       result = make_typename_type (strip_typedefs (TYPE_CONTEXT (t),
-                                                    remove_attributes),
-                                    fullname, typename_type, tf_none);
-       /* Handle 'typedef typename A::N N;'  */
-       if (typedef_variant_p (result))
-         result = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (TYPE_NAME (result)));
+       tree ctx = strip_typedefs (TYPE_CONTEXT (t), remove_attributes);
+       if (!changed && ctx == TYPE_CONTEXT (t) && !typedef_variant_p (t))
+         return t;
+       tree name = fullname;
+       if (TREE_CODE (fullname) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
+         name = TREE_OPERAND (fullname, 0);
+       /* Use build_typename_type rather than make_typename_type because we
+          don't want to resolve it here, just strip typedefs.  */
+       result = build_typename_type (ctx, name, fullname, typename_type);
       }
       break;
     case DECLTYPE_TYPE:
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/alias-decl-60.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/alias-decl-60.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bf9b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/alias-decl-60.C
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// PR c++/72764
+// { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
+
+template < typename > struct A;
+template < typename > struct B {};
+
+template < typename T >
+using C = typename A < T >::template D < T >;
+
+template < typename T > struct A
+{ 
+  // should be: template < typename > struct D : B < C < T > > {};
+  struct D : B < C < T > > {}; // { dg-error "not a class template" }
+};
+
+A < int >::D a;                        // { dg-message "required" }

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