After quite some pondering over this and other related bugs I propose
the following for GCC 7 which tames down PRE a bit (back to levels
of GCC 6).  Technically it's the wrong place to fix this, we do
have measures in place during elimination but they are not in effect
at -O2.  For GCC 8 I'd like to be more aggressive there but that
would require to enable predictive commoning at -O2 (with some
limits to its unrolling) to not lose optimization opportunities.

The other option is to ignore this issue and postpone the solution
to GCC 8.

Bootstrapped / tested on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.

Any preference?

Thanks,
Richard.

2017-03-29  Richard Biener  <rguent...@suse.de>

        PR tree-optimization/77498
        * tree-ssa-pre.c (phi_translate_1): Do not allow simplifications
        to non-constants over backedges.

        * gfortran.dg/pr77498.f: New testcase.

Index: gcc/tree-ssa-pre.c
===================================================================
*** gcc/tree-ssa-pre.c  (revision 246026)
--- gcc/tree-ssa-pre.c  (working copy)
*************** phi_translate_1 (pre_expr expr, bitmap_s
*** 1468,1477 ****
                   leader for it.  */
                if (constant->kind != CONSTANT)
                  {
!                   unsigned value_id = get_expr_value_id (constant);
!                   constant = find_leader_in_sets (value_id, set1, set2);
!                   if (constant)
!                     return constant;
                  }
                else
                  return constant;
--- 1468,1487 ----
                   leader for it.  */
                if (constant->kind != CONSTANT)
                  {
!                   /* Do not allow simplifications to non-constants over
!                      backedges as this will likely result in a loop PHI node
!                      to be inserted and increased register pressure.
!                      See PR77498 - this avoids doing predcoms work in
!                      a less efficient way.  */
!                   if (find_edge (pred, phiblock)->flags & EDGE_DFS_BACK)
!                     ;
!                   else
!                     {
!                       unsigned value_id = get_expr_value_id (constant);
!                       constant = find_leader_in_sets (value_id, set1, set2);
!                       if (constant)
!                         return constant;
!                     }
                  }
                else
                  return constant;
Index: gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/pr77498.f
===================================================================
--- gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/pr77498.f (nonexistent)
+++ gcc/testsuite/gfortran.dg/pr77498.f (working copy)
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+! { dg-do compile }
+! { dg-options "-O2 -ffast-math -fdump-tree-pre" }
+
+      subroutine foo(U,V,R,N,A)
+      integer N
+      real*8 U(N,N,N),V(N,N,N),R(N,N,N),A(0:3)
+      integer I3, I2, I1
+C
+      do I3=2,N-1
+       do I2=2,N-1
+        do I1=2,N-1
+         R(I1,I2,I3)=V(I1,I2,I3)
+     *      -A(0)*( U(I1,  I2,  I3  ) )
+     *      -A(1)*( U(I1-1,I2,  I3  ) + U(I1+1,I2,  I3  )
+     *                 +  U(I1,  I2-1,I3  ) + U(I1,  I2+1,I3  )
+     *                 +  U(I1,  I2,  I3-1) + U(I1,  I2,  I3+1) )
+     *      -A(2)*( U(I1-1,I2-1,I3  ) + U(I1+1,I2-1,I3  )
+     *                 +  U(I1-1,I2+1,I3  ) + U(I1+1,I2+1,I3  )
+     *                 +  U(I1,  I2-1,I3-1) + U(I1,  I2+1,I3-1)
+     *                 +  U(I1,  I2-1,I3+1) + U(I1,  I2+1,I3+1)
+     *                 +  U(I1-1,I2,  I3-1) + U(I1-1,I2,  I3+1)
+     *                 +  U(I1+1,I2,  I3-1) + U(I1+1,I2,  I3+1) )
+     *      -A(3)*( U(I1-1,I2-1,I3-1) + U(I1+1,I2-1,I3-1)
+     *                 +  U(I1-1,I2+1,I3-1) + U(I1+1,I2+1,I3-1)
+     *                 +  U(I1-1,I2-1,I3+1) + U(I1+1,I2-1,I3+1)
+     *                 +  U(I1-1,I2+1,I3+1) + U(I1+1,I2+1,I3+1) )
+        enddo
+       enddo
+      enddo
+      return
+      end
+
+! PRE shouldn't do predictive commonings job here (and in a bad way)
+! ???  It still does but not as bad as it could.  Less prephitmps
+! would be better, pcom does it with 6.
+! { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "# prephitmp" 9 "pre" } }

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