This defines the C++11 header <codecvt> and adds the wstring_convert
and wbuffer_convert utilities.

These need lots more tests, so if anyone understands how to use them
please test them and report problems to Bugzilla.

Tested x86_64-linux, committed to trunk.
commit dd8ed5fe16c0d0a5805504da9ea98da86837a550
Author: Jonathan Wakely <jwak...@redhat.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 16 23:07:50 2015 +0000

    Implement C++11 <codecvt> header.
    
    	* config/abi/pre/gnu.ver: Export new symbols.
    	* include/Makefile.am: Add codecvt.
    	* include/Makefile.in: Regenerate.
    	* include/std/codecvt: New header.
    	* src/c++11/codecvt.cc (__codecvt_utf8_base, __codecvt_utf16_base,
    	__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base): Define specializations.
    	* testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf8/requirements/1.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf16/requirements/1.cc: New.
    	* testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf8_utf16/requirements/1.cc:
    	New.

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver b/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
index dc83ad4..d23306e 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
@@ -1769,6 +1769,17 @@ GLIBCXX_3.4.21 {
       std::__atomic_futex_unsigned_base*;
     };
 
+    # codecvt_utf8 etc.
+    _ZNKSt19__codecvt_utf8_base*;
+    _ZNSt19__codecvt_utf8_base*;
+    _ZT[ISV]St19__codecvt_utf8_base*;
+    _ZNKSt20__codecvt_utf16_base*;
+    _ZNSt20__codecvt_utf16_base*;
+    _ZT[ISV]St20__codecvt_utf16_base*;
+    _ZNKSt25__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base*;
+    _ZNSt25__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base*;
+    _ZT[ISV]St25__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base*;
+
 } GLIBCXX_3.4.20;
 
 
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am b/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
index 4772950..285a504 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ std_headers = \
 	${std_srcdir}/atomic \
 	${std_srcdir}/bitset \
 	${std_srcdir}/chrono \
+	${std_srcdir}/codecvt \
 	${std_srcdir}/complex \
 	${std_srcdir}/condition_variable \
 	${std_srcdir}/deque \
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/codecvt b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/codecvt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d58a0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/codecvt
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// <codecvt> -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
+// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
+// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
+// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
+// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// ISO C++ 14882: 22.5  Standard code conversion facets
+
+/** @file include/codecvt
+ *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_CODECVT
+#define _GLIBCXX_CODECVT 1
+
+#pragma GCC system_header
+
+#if __cplusplus < 201103L
+# include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
+#else
+
+#include <bits/locale_classes.h>
+#include <bits/codecvt.h>
+
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
+
+namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
+{
+_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+
+  enum codecvt_mode
+  {
+    consume_header = 4,
+    generate_header = 2,
+    little_endian = 1
+  };
+
+  template<typename _Elem, unsigned long _Maxcode = 0x10ffff,
+	   codecvt_mode _Mode = (codecvt_mode)0>
+    class codecvt_utf8 : public codecvt<_Elem, char, mbstate_t>
+    {
+    public:
+      explicit
+      codecvt_utf8(size_t __refs = 0);
+
+      ~codecvt_utf8();
+    };
+
+  template<typename _Elem, unsigned long _Maxcode = 0x10ffff,
+	   codecvt_mode _Mode = (codecvt_mode)0>
+    class codecvt_utf16 : public codecvt<_Elem, char, mbstate_t>
+    {
+    public:
+      explicit
+      codecvt_utf16(size_t __refs = 0);
+
+      ~codecvt_utf16();
+    };
+
+  template<typename _Elem, unsigned long _Maxcode = 0x10ffff,
+	   codecvt_mode _Mode = (codecvt_mode)0>
+    class codecvt_utf8_utf16 : public codecvt<_Elem, char, mbstate_t>
+    {
+    public:
+      explicit
+      codecvt_utf8_utf16(size_t __refs = 0);
+
+      ~codecvt_utf8_utf16();
+    };
+
+#define _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION2(_NAME, _ELEM) \
+  template<> \
+    class _NAME<_ELEM> \
+    : public codecvt<_ELEM, char, mbstate_t> \
+    { \
+    public: \
+      typedef _ELEM			intern_type; \
+      typedef char			extern_type; \
+      typedef mbstate_t			state_type; \
+ \
+    protected: \
+      _NAME(unsigned long __maxcode, codecvt_mode __mode, size_t __refs) \
+      : codecvt(__refs), _M_maxcode(__maxcode), _M_mode(__mode) { } \
+ \
+      virtual \
+      ~_NAME(); \
+ \
+      virtual result \
+      do_out(state_type& __state, const intern_type* __from, \
+	     const intern_type* __from_end, const intern_type*& __from_next, \
+	     extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, \
+	     extern_type*& __to_next) const; \
+ \
+      virtual result \
+      do_unshift(state_type& __state, \
+		 extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, \
+		 extern_type*& __to_next) const; \
+ \
+      virtual result \
+      do_in(state_type& __state, \
+	     const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end, \
+	     const extern_type*& __from_next, \
+	     intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, \
+	     intern_type*& __to_next) const; \
+ \
+      virtual \
+      int do_encoding() const throw(); \
+ \
+      virtual \
+      bool do_always_noconv() const throw(); \
+ \
+      virtual \
+      int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, \
+		    const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const; \
+ \
+      virtual int \
+      do_max_length() const throw(); \
+ \
+    private: \
+      unsigned long	_M_maxcode; \
+      codecvt_mode	_M_mode; \
+    }
+
+#define _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(_NAME, _ELEM) \
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION2(__ ## _NAME ## _base, _ELEM); \
+  template<unsigned long _Maxcode, codecvt_mode _Mode> \
+    class _NAME<_ELEM, _Maxcode, _Mode> \
+    : public __ ## _NAME ## _base<_ELEM> \
+    { \
+    public: \
+      explicit \
+      _NAME(size_t __refs = 0) \
+      : __ ## _NAME ## _base<_ELEM>(_Maxcode, _Mode, __refs) { } \
+    }
+
+  template<typename _Elem> class __codecvt_utf8_base;
+  template<typename _Elem> class __codecvt_utf16_base;
+  template<typename _Elem> class __codecvt_utf8_utf16_base;
+
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf8, char16_t);
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf16, char16_t);
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf8_utf16, char16_t);
+
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf8, char32_t);
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf16, char32_t);
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf8_utf16, char32_t);
+
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf8, wchar_t);
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf16, wchar_t);
+  _GLIBCXX_CODECVT_SPECIALIZATION(codecvt_utf8_utf16, wchar_t);
+#endif
+
+_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+} // namespace
+
+#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _GLIBCXX_CODECVT */
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++11/codecvt.cc b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++11/codecvt.cc
index fdd4972..7eed903 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/src/c++11/codecvt.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/src/c++11/codecvt.cc
@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@
 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-#include <bits/locale_classes.h>
-#include <bits/codecvt.h>
-#include <bits/stl_algobase.h>	// std::max
+#include <codecvt>
 #include <cstring>		// std::memcpy, std::memcmp
+#include <bits/stl_algobase.h>	// std::max
 
 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
@@ -51,6 +50,88 @@ namespace
       size_t size() const { return end - next; }
     };
 
+  // Multibyte sequences can have "header" consisting of Byte Order Mark
+  const unsigned char utf8_bom[3] = { 0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF };
+  const unsigned char utf16_bom[4] = { 0xFE, 0xFF };
+  const unsigned char utf16le_bom[4] = { 0xFF, 0xFE };
+
+  template<size_t N>
+    inline bool
+    write_bom(range<char>& to, const unsigned char (&bom)[N])
+    {
+      if (to.size() < N)
+	return false;
+      memcpy(to.next, bom, N);
+      to.next += N;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  // If generate_header is set in mode write out UTF-8 BOM.
+  bool
+  write_utf8_bom(range<char>& to, codecvt_mode mode)
+  {
+    if (mode & generate_header)
+      return write_bom(to, utf8_bom);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If generate_header is set in mode write out the UTF-16 BOM indicated
+  // by whether little_endian is set in mode.
+  bool
+  write_utf16_bom(range<char16_t>& to, codecvt_mode mode)
+  {
+    if (mode & generate_header)
+    {
+      if (!to.size())
+	return false;
+      auto* bom = (mode & little_endian) ? utf16le_bom : utf16_bom;
+      std::memcpy(to.next, bom, 2);
+      ++to.next;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  template<size_t N>
+    inline bool
+    read_bom(range<const char>& from, const unsigned char (&bom)[N])
+    {
+      if (from.size() >= N && !memcmp(from.next, bom, N))
+	{
+	  from.next += N;
+	  return true;
+	}
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  // If consume_header is set in mode update from.next to after any BOM.
+  void
+  read_utf8_bom(range<const char>& from, codecvt_mode mode)
+  {
+    if (mode & consume_header)
+      read_bom(from, utf8_bom);
+  }
+
+  // If consume_header is set in mode update from.next to after any BOM.
+  // Return little_endian iff the UTF-16LE BOM was present.
+  codecvt_mode
+  read_utf16_bom(range<const char16_t>& from, codecvt_mode mode)
+  {
+    if (mode & consume_header && from.size())
+      {
+	if (*from.next == 0xFEFF)
+	  ++from.next;
+	else if (*from.next == 0xFFFE)
+	  {
+	    ++from.next;
+	    return little_endian;
+	  }
+      }
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // Read a codepoint from a UTF-8 multibyte sequence.
+  // Updates from.next if the codepoint is not greater than maxcode.
+  // Returns -1 if there is an invalid or incomplete multibyte character.
   char32_t
   read_utf8_code_point(range<const char>& from, unsigned long maxcode)
   {
@@ -74,9 +155,8 @@ namespace
       if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
 	return -1;
       char32_t c = (c1 << 6) + c2 - 0x3080;
-      if (c > maxcode)
-	return -1;
-      from.next += 2;
+      if (c <= maxcode)
+	from.next += 2;
       return c;
     }
     else if (c1 < 0xF0) // 3-byte sequence
@@ -92,9 +172,8 @@ namespace
       if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
 	return -1;
       char32_t c = (c1 << 12) + (c2 << 6) + c3 - 0xE2080;
-      if (c > maxcode)
-	return -1;
-      from.next += 3;
+      if (c <= maxcode)
+	from.next += 3;
       return c;
     }
     else if (c1 < 0xF5) // 4-byte sequence
@@ -115,9 +194,8 @@ namespace
       if ((c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
 	return -1;
       char32_t c = (c1 << 18) + (c2 << 12) + (c3 << 6) + c4 - 0x3C82080;
-      if (c > maxcode)
-	return -1;
-      from.next += 4;
+      if (c <= maxcode)
+	from.next += 4;
       return c;
     }
     else // > U+10FFFF
@@ -162,9 +240,48 @@ namespace
     return true;
   }
 
+  inline char16_t
+  adjust_byte_order(char16_t c, codecvt_mode mode)
+  {
+#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+    return (mode & little_endian) ? __builtin_bswap16(c) : c;
+#else
+    return (mode & little_endian) ? c : __builtin_bswap16(c);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Read a codepoint from a UTF-16 multibyte sequence.
+  // The sequence's endianness is indicated by (mode & little_endian).
+  // Updates from.next if the codepoint is not greater than maxcode.
+  // Returns -1 if there is an incomplete multibyte character.
+  char32_t
+  read_utf16_code_point(range<const char16_t>& from, unsigned long maxcode,
+			codecvt_mode mode)
+  {
+    int inc = 1;
+    char32_t c = adjust_byte_order(from.next[0], mode);
+    if (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDBFF)
+      {
+	if (from.size() < 2)
+	  return -1;
+	const char16_t c2 = adjust_byte_order(from.next[1], mode);
+	if (c2 >= 0xDC00 && c2 <= 0xDFFF)
+	  {
+	    c = (c << 10) + c2 - 0x35FDC00;
+	    inc = 2;
+	  }
+      }
+    if (c <= maxcode)
+      from.next += inc;
+    return c;
+  }
+
+  template<typename C>
   bool
-  write_utf16_code_point(range<char16_t>& to, char32_t codepoint)
+  write_utf16_code_point(range<C>& to, char32_t codepoint, codecvt_mode mode)
   {
+    static_assert(sizeof(C) >= 2, "a code unit must be at least 16-bit");
+
     if (codepoint < max_single_utf16_unit)
       {
 	if (to.size() > 0)
@@ -183,8 +300,8 @@ namespace
 	char16_t trail = 0xDC00 + (codepoint & 0x3FF);
 	char32_t utf16bytes = (lead << 10) + trail + SURROGATE_OFFSET;
 
-	to.next[0] = utf16bytes >> 16;
-	to.next[1] = utf16bytes & 0xFFFF;
+	to.next[0] = adjust_byte_order(utf16bytes >> 16, mode);
+	to.next[1] = adjust_byte_order(utf16bytes & 0xFFFF, mode);
 	to.next += 2;
 	return true;
       }
@@ -194,12 +311,15 @@ namespace
   // utf8 -> ucs4
   codecvt_base::result
   ucs4_in(range<const char>& from, range<char32_t>& to,
-          unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point)
+          unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
   {
+    read_utf8_bom(from, mode);
     while (from.size() && to.size())
       {
 	const char32_t codepoint = read_utf8_code_point(from, maxcode);
-	if (codepoint == char32_t(-1) || codepoint > maxcode)
+	if (codepoint == char32_t(-1))
+	  break;
+	if (codepoint > maxcode)
 	  return codecvt_base::error;
 	*to.next++ = codepoint;
       }
@@ -209,8 +329,10 @@ namespace
   // ucs4 -> utf8
   codecvt_base::result
   ucs4_out(range<const char32_t>& from, range<char>& to,
-           unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point)
+           unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
   {
+    if (!write_utf8_bom(to, mode))
+      return codecvt_base::partial;
     while (from.size())
       {
 	const char32_t c = from.next[0];
@@ -223,20 +345,62 @@ namespace
     return codecvt_base::ok;
   }
 
+  // utf16 -> ucs4
+  codecvt_base::result
+  ucs4_in(range<const char16_t>& from, range<char32_t>& to,
+          unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
+  {
+    if (read_utf16_bom(from, mode) == little_endian)
+      mode = codecvt_mode(mode & little_endian);
+    while (from.size() && to.size())
+      {
+	const char32_t codepoint = read_utf16_code_point(from, maxcode, mode);
+	if (codepoint == char32_t(-1))
+	  break;
+	if (codepoint > maxcode)
+	  return codecvt_base::error;
+	*to.next++ = codepoint;
+      }
+    return from.size() ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
+  }
+
+  // ucs4 -> utf16
+  codecvt_base::result
+  ucs4_out(range<const char32_t>& from, range<char16_t>& to,
+           unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
+  {
+    if (!write_utf16_bom(to, mode))
+      return codecvt_base::partial;
+    while (from.size())
+      {
+	const char32_t c = from.next[0];
+	if (c > maxcode)
+	  return codecvt_base::error;
+	if (!write_utf16_code_point(to, c, mode))
+	  return codecvt_base::partial;
+	++from.next;
+      }
+    return codecvt_base::ok;
+  }
+
   // utf8 -> utf16
+  template<typename C>
   codecvt_base::result
-  utf16_in(range<const char>& from, range<char16_t>& to,
-           unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point)
+  utf16_in(range<const char>& from, range<C>& to,
+           unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
   {
+    read_utf8_bom(from, mode);
     while (from.size() && to.size())
       {
 	const char* first = from.next;
 	if ((unsigned char)*first >= 0xF0 && to.size() < 2)
 	  return codecvt_base::partial;
 	const char32_t codepoint = read_utf8_code_point(from, maxcode);
-	if (codepoint == char32_t(-1) || codepoint > maxcode)
+	if (codepoint == char32_t(-1))
+	  return codecvt_base::partial;
+	if (codepoint > maxcode)
 	  return codecvt_base::error;
-	if (!write_utf16_code_point(to, codepoint))
+	if (!write_utf16_code_point(to, codepoint, {}))
 	  {
 	    from.next = first;
 	    return codecvt_base::partial;
@@ -246,15 +410,18 @@ namespace
   }
 
   // utf16 -> utf8
+  template<typename C>
   codecvt_base::result
-  utf16_out(range<const char16_t>& from, range<char>& to,
-            unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point)
+  utf16_out(range<const C>& from, range<char>& to,
+            unsigned long maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
   {
+    if (!write_utf8_bom(to, mode))
+      return codecvt_base::partial;
     while (from.size())
       {
 	char32_t c = from.next[0];
 	int inc = 1;
-	if (c >= 0xD800 && c < 0xDBFF) // start of surrogate pair
+	if (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDBFF) // start of surrogate pair
 	  {
 	    if (from.size() < 2)
 	      return codecvt_base::ok; // stop converting at this point
@@ -278,11 +445,12 @@ namespace
   }
 
   // return pos such that [begin,pos) is valid UTF-16 string no longer than max
-  int
-  utf16_len(const char* begin, const char* end, size_t max,
-            char32_t maxcode = max_code_point)
+  const char*
+  utf16_span(const char* begin, const char* end, size_t max,
+	     char32_t maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
   {
     range<const char> from{ begin, end };
+    read_utf8_bom(from, mode);
     size_t count = 0;
     while (count+1 < max)
       {
@@ -295,24 +463,117 @@ namespace
       }
     if (count+1 == max) // take one more character if it fits in a single unit
       read_utf8_code_point(from, std::max(max_single_utf16_unit, maxcode));
-    return from.next - begin;
+    return from.next;
   }
 
-  // return pos such that [begin,pos) is valid UCS-4 string no longer than max
-  int
-  ucs4_len(const char* begin, const char* end, size_t max,
-            char32_t maxcode = max_code_point)
+  // utf8 -> ucs2
+  codecvt_base::result
+  ucs2_in(range<const char>& from, range<char16_t>& to,
+	  char32_t maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
   {
-    range<const char> from{ begin, end };
-    size_t count = 0;
-    while (count < max)
+    return utf16_in(from, to, std::max(max_single_utf16_unit, maxcode), mode);
+  }
+
+  // ucs2 -> utf8
+  codecvt_base::result
+  ucs2_out(range<const char16_t>& from, range<char>& to,
+	   char32_t maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
+  {
+    return utf16_out(from, to, std::max(max_single_utf16_unit, maxcode), mode);
+  }
+
+  // ucs2 -> utf16
+  codecvt_base::result
+  ucs2_out(range<const char16_t>& from, range<char16_t>& to,
+	   char32_t maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
+  {
+    if (!write_utf16_bom(to, mode))
+      return codecvt_base::partial;
+    while (from.size() && to.size())
       {
-	char32_t c = read_utf8_code_point(from, maxcode);
+	char16_t c = from.next[0];
+	if (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDBFF) // start of surrogate pair
+	  return codecvt_base::error;
+	if (c > maxcode)
+	  return codecvt_base::error;
+	*to.next++ = adjust_byte_order(c, mode);
+	++from.next;
+      }
+    return from.size() == 0 ? codecvt_base::ok : codecvt_base::partial;
+  }
+
+  // utf16 -> ucs2
+  codecvt_base::result
+  ucs2_in(range<const char16_t>& from, range<char16_t>& to,
+	  char32_t maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
+  {
+    if (read_utf16_bom(from, mode) == little_endian)
+      mode = codecvt_mode(mode & little_endian);
+    maxcode = std::max(max_single_utf16_unit, maxcode);
+    while (from.size() && to.size())
+      {
+	const char32_t c = read_utf16_code_point(from, maxcode, mode);
 	if (c == char32_t(-1))
 	  break;
-	++count;
+	if (c >= maxcode)
+	  return codecvt_base::error;
+	*to.next++ = c;
       }
-    return from.next - begin;
+    return from.size() == 0 ? codecvt_base::ok : codecvt_base::partial;
+  }
+
+  const char16_t*
+  ucs2_span(const char16_t* begin, const char16_t* end, size_t max,
+            char32_t maxcode, codecvt_mode mode)
+  {
+    range<const char16_t> from{ begin, end };
+    if (read_utf16_bom(from, mode) == little_endian)
+      mode = codecvt_mode(mode & little_endian);
+    maxcode = std::max(max_single_utf16_unit, maxcode);
+    char32_t c = 0;
+    while (max-- && c <= maxcode)
+      c = read_utf16_code_point(from, maxcode, mode);
+    return from.next;
+  }
+
+  const char*
+  ucs2_span(const char* begin, const char* end, size_t max,
+            char32_t maxcode, codecvt_mode mode)
+  {
+    range<const char> from{ begin, end };
+    read_utf8_bom(from, mode);
+    maxcode = std::max(max_single_utf16_unit, maxcode);
+    char32_t c = 0;
+    while (max-- && c <= maxcode)
+      c = read_utf8_code_point(from, maxcode);
+    return from.next;
+  }
+
+  // return pos such that [begin,pos) is valid UCS-4 string no longer than max
+  const char*
+  ucs4_span(const char* begin, const char* end, size_t max,
+            char32_t maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
+  {
+    range<const char> from{ begin, end };
+    read_utf8_bom(from, mode);
+    char32_t c = 0;
+    while (max-- && c <= maxcode)
+      c = read_utf8_code_point(from, maxcode);
+    return from.next;
+  }
+
+  // return pos such that [begin,pos) is valid UCS-4 string no longer than max
+  const char16_t*
+  ucs4_span(const char16_t* begin, const char16_t* end, size_t max,
+            char32_t maxcode = max_code_point, codecvt_mode mode = {})
+  {
+    range<const char16_t> from{ begin, end };
+    if (read_utf16_bom(from, mode) == little_endian)
+      mode = codecvt_mode(mode & little_endian);
+    char32_t c = 0;
+    while (max-- && c <= maxcode)
+      c = read_utf16_code_point(from, maxcode, mode);
+    return from.next;
   }
 }
 
@@ -376,7 +637,8 @@ codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::
 do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
 	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
 {
-  return utf16_len(__from, __end, __max);
+  __end = utf16_span(__from, __end, __max);
+  return __end - __from;
 }
 
 int
@@ -446,13 +708,698 @@ codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::
 do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
 	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
 {
-  return ucs4_len(__from, __end, __max);
+  __end = ucs4_span(__from, __end, __max);
+  return __end - __from;
 }
 
 int
 codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
 { return 4; }
 
+// Define members of codecvt_utf8<char16_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-8 to UCS-2.
+
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char16_t>::~__codecvt_utf8_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char16_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char16_t> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = ucs2_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char16_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char16_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char16_t> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = ucs2_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char16_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 0; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char16_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char16_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+  __end = ucs2_span(__from, __end, __max, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  return __end - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char16_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{ return 3; }
+
+// Define members of codecvt_utf8<char32_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-8 to UTF-32 (aka UCS-4).
+
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char32_t>::~__codecvt_utf8_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char32_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char32_t> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = ucs4_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char32_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char32_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char32_t> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = ucs4_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char32_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 0; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char32_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char32_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+  __end = ucs4_span(__from, __end, __max, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  return __end - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<char32_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{ return 4; }
+
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
+// Define members of codecvt_utf8<wchar_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-8 to UCS-2 or UCS-4 depending on sizeof(wchar_t).
+
+__codecvt_utf8_base<wchar_t>::~__codecvt_utf8_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<wchar_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<char> to{ __to, __to_end };
+#if __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 2
+  range<const char16_t> from{
+    reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from),
+    reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs2_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#elif __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 4
+  range<const char32_t> from{
+    reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(__from),
+    reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(__from_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs4_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#else
+  return codecvt_base::error;
+#endif
+  __from_next = reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(from.next);
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<wchar_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_base<wchar_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char> from{ __from, __from_end };
+#if __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 2
+  range<char16_t> to{
+    reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(__to),
+    reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(__to_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs2_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#elif __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 4
+  range<char32_t> to{
+    reinterpret_cast<char32_t*>(__to),
+    reinterpret_cast<char32_t*>(__to_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs4_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#else
+  return codecvt_base::error;
+#endif
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(to.next);
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<wchar_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 0; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf8_base<wchar_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<wchar_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+#if __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 2
+  __end = ucs2_span(__from, __end, __max, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#elif __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 4
+  __end = ucs4_span(__from, __end, __max, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#else
+  __end = __from;
+#endif
+  return __end - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_base<wchar_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{ return 4; }
+#endif
+
+// Define members of codecvt_utf16<char16_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-16 to UCS-2.
+
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char16_t>::~__codecvt_utf16_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char16_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char16_t> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char16_t> to{
+    reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(__to),
+    reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(__to_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs2_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = reinterpret_cast<char*>(to.next);
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char16_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char16_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char16_t> from{
+    reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from),
+    reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from_end)
+  };
+  range<char16_t> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = ucs2_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(from.next);
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char16_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 1; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char16_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char16_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+  auto next = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from);
+  next = ucs2_span(next, reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__end), __max,
+		   _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(next) - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char16_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{ return 3; }
+
+// Define members of codecvt_utf16<char32_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-16 to UTF-32 (aka UCS-4).
+
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char32_t>::~__codecvt_utf16_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char32_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char32_t> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char16_t> to{
+    reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(__to),
+    reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(__to_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs4_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = reinterpret_cast<char*>(to.next);
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char32_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char32_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char16_t> from{
+    reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from),
+    reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from_end)
+  };
+  range<char32_t> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = ucs4_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(from.next);
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char32_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 0; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char32_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char32_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+  auto next = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from);
+  next = ucs4_span(next, reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__end), __max,
+		   _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(next) - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<char32_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{ return 3; }
+
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
+// Define members of codecvt_utf16<wchar_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-8 to UCS-2 or UCS-4 depending on sizeof(wchar_t).
+
+__codecvt_utf16_base<wchar_t>::~__codecvt_utf16_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<wchar_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<char> to{ __to, __to_end };
+#if __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 2
+  range<const char16_t> from{
+    reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from),
+    reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs2_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#elif __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 4
+  range<const char32_t> from{
+    reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(__from),
+    reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(__from_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs4_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#else
+  return codecvt_base::error;
+#endif
+  __from_next = reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(from.next);
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<wchar_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf16_base<wchar_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char> from{ __from, __from_end };
+#if __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 2
+  range<char16_t> to{
+    reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(__to),
+    reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(__to_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs2_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#elif __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 4
+  range<char32_t> to{
+    reinterpret_cast<char32_t*>(__to),
+    reinterpret_cast<char32_t*>(__to_end)
+  };
+  auto res = ucs4_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#else
+  return codecvt_base::error;
+#endif
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(to.next);
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<wchar_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 0; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf16_base<wchar_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<wchar_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+  auto next = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__from);
+#if __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 2
+  next = ucs2_span(next, reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__end), __max,
+		   _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#elif __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ == 4
+  next = ucs4_span(next, reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(__end), __max,
+		   _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+#endif
+  return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(next) - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf16_base<wchar_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{ return 4; }
+#endif
+
+// Define members of codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-8 to UTF-16.
+
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char16_t>::~__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char16_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char16_t> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = utf16_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char16_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char16_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char16_t> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = utf16_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char16_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 0; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char16_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char16_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+  __end = utf16_span(__from, __end, __max, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  return __end - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char16_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+  // Any valid UTF-8 sequence of 3 bytes fits in a single 16-bit code unit,
+  // whereas 4 byte sequences require two 16-bit code units.
+  return 3;
+}
+
+// Define members of codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-8 to UTF-16.
+
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char32_t>::~__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char32_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char32_t> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = utf16_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char32_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char32_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char32_t> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = utf16_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char32_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 0; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char32_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char32_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+  __end = utf16_span(__from, __end, __max, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  return __end - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<char32_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+  // Any valid UTF-8 sequence of 3 bytes fits in a single 16-bit code unit,
+  // whereas 4 byte sequences require two 16-bit code units.
+  return 3;
+}
+
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
+// Define members of codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t> base class implementation.
+// Converts from UTF-8 to UTF-16.
+
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<wchar_t>::~__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base() { }
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<wchar_t>::
+do_out(state_type&, const intern_type* __from, const intern_type* __from_end,
+       const intern_type*& __from_next,
+       extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end,
+       extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const wchar_t> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<char> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = utf16_out(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<wchar_t>::
+do_unshift(state_type&, extern_type* __to, extern_type*,
+	   extern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  __to_next = __to;
+  return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt_base::result
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<wchar_t>::
+do_in(state_type&, const extern_type* __from, const extern_type* __from_end,
+      const extern_type*& __from_next,
+      intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end,
+      intern_type*& __to_next) const
+{
+  range<const char> from{ __from, __from_end };
+  range<wchar_t> to{ __to, __to_end };
+  auto res = utf16_in(from, to, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  __from_next = from.next;
+  __to_next = to.next;
+  return res;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<wchar_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{ return 0; }
+
+bool
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<wchar_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{ return false; }
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<wchar_t>::
+do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __from,
+	  const extern_type* __end, size_t __max) const
+{
+  __end = utf16_span(__from, __end, __max, _M_maxcode, _M_mode);
+  return __end - __from;
+}
+
+int
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16_base<wchar_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+  // Any valid UTF-8 sequence of 3 bytes fits in a single 16-bit code unit,
+  // whereas 4 byte sequences require two 16-bit code units.
+  return 3;
+}
+#endif
+
 inline template class __codecvt_abstract_base<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>;
 inline template class __codecvt_abstract_base<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>;
 
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf16/requirements/1.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf16/requirements/1.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38bb393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf16/requirements/1.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// { dg-require-cstdint "" }
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++11" }
+// { dg-do compile }
+
+#include <codecvt>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+template<typename C>
+  using codecvt = std::codecvt<C, char, std::mbstate_t>;
+
+using std::is_base_of;
+
+static_assert(
+    is_base_of<codecvt<char16_t>, std::codecvt_utf16<char16_t>>::value,
+    "codecvt_utf16<char16_t> has wrong base class");
+
+static_assert(
+    is_base_of<codecvt<char32_t>, std::codecvt_utf16<char32_t>>::value,
+    "codecvt_utf16<char32_t> has wrong base class");
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf8/requirements/1.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf8/requirements/1.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bc2418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf8/requirements/1.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// { dg-require-cstdint "" }
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++11" }
+// { dg-do compile }
+
+#include <codecvt>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+template<typename C>
+  using codecvt = std::codecvt<C, char, std::mbstate_t>;
+
+using std::is_base_of;
+
+static_assert(
+    is_base_of<codecvt<char16_t>, std::codecvt_utf8<char16_t>>::value,
+    "codecvt_utf8<char16_t> has wrong base class");
+
+static_assert(
+    is_base_of<codecvt<char32_t>, std::codecvt_utf8<char32_t>>::value,
+    "codecvt_utf8<char32_t> has wrong base class");
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf8_utf16/requirements/1.cc b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf8_utf16/requirements/1.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e5f8dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/codecvt/codecvt_utf8_utf16/requirements/1.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// { dg-require-cstdint "" }
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++11" }
+// { dg-do compile }
+
+#include <codecvt>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+template<typename C>
+  using codecvt = std::codecvt<C, char, std::mbstate_t>;
+
+using std::is_base_of;
+
+static_assert(
+    is_base_of<codecvt<char16_t>, std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>>::value,
+    "codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t> has wrong base class");
+
+static_assert(
+    is_base_of<codecvt<char32_t>, std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>>::value,
+    "codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t> has wrong base class");
commit 9304c8d768fcbf4265bc45cb8e057f6460e3a034
Author: Jonathan Wakely <jwakely....@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri Oct 26 03:20:07 2012 +0100

        * include/bits/locale_conv.h (wstring_convert, wbuffer_convert): New.
        * include/std/locale: Include new header.
        * include/Makefile.am: Add it.
        * include/Makefile.in: Regenerate.
        * testsuite/22_locale/conversions/buffer/requirements/typedefs.cc: New.
        * testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/1.cc: New.
        * testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/2.cc: New.
        * testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/requirements/typedefs.cc: New.
        * testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/requirements/typedefs-2.cc:
        New.

diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am b/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
index 285a504..2677132 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ bits_headers = \
        ${bits_srcdir}/list.tcc \
        ${bits_srcdir}/locale_classes.h \
        ${bits_srcdir}/locale_classes.tcc \
+       ${bits_srcdir}/locale_conv.h \
        ${bits_srcdir}/locale_facets.h \
        ${bits_srcdir}/locale_facets.tcc \
        ${bits_srcdir}/locale_facets_nonio.h \
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/locale_conv.h 
b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/locale_conv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8a44f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/locale_conv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+// wstring_convert implementation -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
+// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
+// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
+// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
+// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+/** @file bits/locale_conv.h
+ *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
+ *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{locale}
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LOCALE_CONV_H
+#define _LOCALE_CONV_H 1
+
+#if __cplusplus < 201103L
+# include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
+#else
+
+#include <streambuf>
+#include "stringfwd.h"
+#include "allocator.h"
+#include "codecvt.h"
+#include "unique_ptr.h"
+
+namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
+{
+_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
+
+  /**
+   * @addtogroup locales
+   * @{
+   */
+
+  /// String conversions
+  template<typename _Codecvt, typename _Elem = wchar_t,
+          typename _Wide_alloc = allocator<_Elem>,
+          typename _Byte_alloc = allocator<char>>
+    class wstring_convert
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, _Byte_alloc>   byte_string;
+      typedef basic_string<_Elem, char_traits<_Elem>, _Wide_alloc> wide_string;
+      typedef typename _Codecvt::state_type                       state_type;
+      typedef typename wide_string::traits_type::int_type         int_type;
+
+      /** Default constructor.
+       *
+       * @param  __pcvt The facet to use for conversions.
+       *
+       * Takes ownership of @p __pcvt and will delete it in the destructor.
+       */
+      explicit
+      wstring_convert(_Codecvt* __pcvt = new _Codecvt()) : _M_cvt(__pcvt)
+      {
+       if (!_M_cvt)
+         __throw_logic_error("wstring_convert");
+      }
+
+      /** Construct with an initial converstion state.
+       *
+       * @param  __pcvt The facet to use for conversions.
+       * @param  __state Initial conversion state.
+       *
+       * Takes ownership of @p __pcvt and will delete it in the destructor.
+       * The object's conversion state will persist between conversions.
+       */
+      wstring_convert(_Codecvt* __pcvt, state_type __state)
+      : _M_cvt(__pcvt), _M_state(__state), _M_with_cvtstate(true)
+      {
+       if (!_M_cvt)
+         __throw_logic_error("wstring_convert");
+      }
+
+      /** Construct with error strings.
+       *
+       * @param  __byte_err A string to return on failed conversions.
+       * @param  __wide_err A wide string to return on failed conversions.
+       */
+      explicit
+      wstring_convert(const byte_string& __byte_err,
+                     const wide_string& __wide_err = wide_string())
+      : _M_cvt(new _Codecvt),
+       _M_byte_err_string(__byte_err), _M_wide_err_string(__wide_err),
+       _M_with_strings(true)
+      {
+       if (!_M_cvt)
+         __throw_logic_error("wstring_convert");
+      }
+
+      ~wstring_convert() = default;
+
+      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
+      // 2176. Special members for wstring_convert and wbuffer_convert
+      wstring_convert(const wstring_convert&) = delete;
+      wstring_convert& operator=(const wstring_convert&) = delete;
+
+      /// @{ Convert from bytes.
+      wide_string
+      from_bytes(char __byte)
+      {
+       char __bytes[2] = { __byte };
+       return from_bytes(__bytes, __bytes+1);
+      }
+
+      wide_string
+      from_bytes(const char* __ptr)
+      { return from_bytes(__ptr, __ptr+char_traits<char>::length(__ptr)); }
+
+      wide_string
+      from_bytes(const byte_string& __str)
+      {
+       auto __ptr = __str.data();
+       return from_bytes(__ptr, __ptr + __str.size());
+      }
+
+      wide_string
+      from_bytes(const char* __first, const char* __last)
+      {
+       auto __errstr = _M_with_strings ? &_M_wide_err_string : nullptr;
+       _ConvFn<char, _Elem> __fn = &_Codecvt::in;
+       return _M_conv(__first, __last, __errstr, __fn);
+      }
+      /// @}
+
+      /// @{ Convert to bytes.
+      byte_string
+      to_bytes(_Elem __wchar)
+      {
+       _Elem __wchars[2] = { __wchar };
+       return to_bytes(__wchars, __wchars+1);
+      }
+
+      byte_string
+      to_bytes(const _Elem* __ptr)
+      {
+       return to_bytes(__ptr, __ptr+wide_string::traits_type::length(__ptr));
+      }
+
+      byte_string
+      to_bytes(const wide_string& __wstr)
+      {
+       auto __ptr = __wstr.data();
+       return to_bytes(__ptr, __ptr + __wstr.size());
+      }
+
+      byte_string
+      to_bytes(const _Elem* __first, const _Elem* __last)
+      {
+       auto __errstr = _M_with_strings ? &_M_byte_err_string : nullptr;
+       _ConvFn<_Elem, char> __fn = &_Codecvt::out;
+       return _M_conv(__first, __last, __errstr, __fn);
+      }
+      /// @}
+
+      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
+      // 2174. wstring_convert::converted() should be noexcept
+      /// The number of elements successfully converted in the last conversion.
+      size_t converted() const noexcept { return _M_count; }
+
+      /// The final conversion state of the last conversion.
+      state_type state() const { return _M_state; }
+
+    private:
+      template<typename _InC, typename _OutC>
+       using _ConvFn
+         = codecvt_base::result
+           (_Codecvt::*)(state_type&, const _InC*, const _InC*, const _InC*&,
+                         _OutC*, _OutC*, _OutC*&) const;
+
+      template<typename _InChar, typename _OutStr, typename _MemFn>
+       _OutStr
+       _M_conv(const _InChar* __first, const _InChar* __last,
+               const _OutStr* __err, _MemFn __memfn)
+       {
+         if (!_M_with_cvtstate)
+           _M_state = state_type();
+
+         auto __outstr = __err ? _OutStr(__err->get_allocator()) : _OutStr();
+         size_t __outchars = 0;
+         auto __next = __first;
+
+         codecvt_base::result __result;
+         do
+           {
+             __outstr.resize(__outstr.size() + (__last - __next));
+             auto __outnext = &__outstr.front() + __outchars;
+             auto const __outlast = &__outstr.back() + 1;
+             __result = ((*_M_cvt).*__memfn)(_M_state, __next, __last, __next,
+                                           __outnext, __outlast, __outnext);
+             __outchars = __outnext - &__outstr.front();
+           }
+         while (__result == codecvt_base::partial && __next != __last);
+
+         __outstr.resize(__outchars);
+         _M_count = __next - __first;
+
+         if (__result != codecvt_base::error)
+           return __outstr;
+         else if (__err)
+           return *__err;
+         else
+           __throw_range_error("wstring_convert");
+       }
+
+      unique_ptr<_Codecvt>     _M_cvt;
+      byte_string              _M_byte_err_string;
+      wide_string              _M_wide_err_string;
+      state_type               _M_state = state_type();
+      size_t                   _M_count = 0;
+      bool                     _M_with_cvtstate = false;
+      bool                     _M_with_strings = false;
+    };
+
+  /// Buffer conversions
+  template<typename _Codecvt, typename _Elem = wchar_t,
+          typename _Tr = char_traits<_Elem>>
+    class wbuffer_convert : public basic_streambuf<_Elem, _Tr>
+    {
+      typedef basic_streambuf<_Elem, _Tr> _Wide_streambuf;
+
+    public:
+      typedef typename _Codecvt::state_type state_type;
+
+      /** Default constructor.
+       *
+       * @param  __bytebuf The underlying byte stream buffer.
+       * @param  __pcvt    The facet to use for conversions.
+       * @param  __state   Initial conversion state.
+       *
+       * Takes ownership of @p __pcvt and will delete it in the destructor.
+       */
+      explicit
+      wbuffer_convert(streambuf* __bytebuf = 0, _Codecvt* __pcvt = new 
_Codecvt,
+                     state_type __state = state_type())
+      : _M_buf(__bytebuf), _M_cvt(__pcvt), _M_state(__state)
+      {
+       if (!_M_cvt)
+         __throw_logic_error("wstring_convert");
+
+       _M_always_noconv = _M_cvt->always_noconv();
+
+       if (_M_buf)
+         {
+           this->setp(_M_put_area, _M_put_area + _S_buffer_length);
+           this->setg(_M_get_area + _S_putback_length,
+                      _M_get_area + _S_putback_length,
+                      _M_get_area + _S_putback_length);
+         }
+      }
+
+      ~wbuffer_convert() = default;
+
+      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
+      // 2176. Special members for wstring_convert and wbuffer_convert
+      wbuffer_convert(const wbuffer_convert&) = delete;
+      wbuffer_convert& operator=(const wbuffer_convert&) = delete;
+
+      streambuf* rdbuf() const noexcept { return _M_buf; }
+
+      streambuf*
+      rdbuf(streambuf *__bytebuf) noexcept
+      {
+       auto __prev = _M_buf;
+       _M_buf = __bytebuf;
+       return __prev;
+      }
+
+      /// The conversion state following the last conversion.
+      state_type state() const noexcept { return _M_state; }
+
+    protected:
+      int
+      sync()
+      { return _M_buf && _M_conv_put() && _M_buf->pubsync() ? 0 : -1; }
+
+      typename _Wide_streambuf::int_type
+      overflow(typename _Wide_streambuf::int_type __out)
+      {
+       if (!_M_buf || !_M_conv_put())
+         return _Tr::eof();
+       else if (!_Tr::eq_int_type(__out, _Tr::eof()))
+         return this->sputc(__out);
+       return _Tr::not_eof(__out);
+      }
+
+      typename _Wide_streambuf::int_type
+      underflow()
+      {
+       if (!_M_buf)
+         return _Tr::eof();
+
+       if (this->gptr() < this->egptr() || (_M_buf && _M_conv_get()))
+         return _Tr::to_int_type(*this->gptr());
+       else
+         return _Tr::eof();
+      }
+
+      streamsize
+      xsputn(const typename _Wide_streambuf::char_type* __s, streamsize __n)
+      {
+       if (!_M_buf || __n == 0)
+         return 0;
+       streamsize __done = 0;
+       do
+       {
+         auto __nn = std::min<streamsize>(this->epptr() - this->pptr(),
+                                          __n - __done);
+         _Tr::copy(this->pptr(), __s + __done, __nn);
+         this->pbump(__nn);
+         __done += __nn;
+       } while (__done < __n && _M_conv_put());
+       return __done;
+      }
+
+    private:
+      // fill the get area from converted contents of the byte stream buffer
+      bool
+      _M_conv_get()
+      {
+       const streamsize __pb1 = this->gptr() - this->eback();
+       const streamsize __pb2 = _S_putback_length;
+       const streamsize __npb = std::min(__pb1, __pb2);
+
+       _Tr::move(_M_get_area + _S_putback_length - __npb,
+                 this->gptr() - __npb, __npb);
+
+       streamsize __nbytes = sizeof(_M_get_buf) - _M_unconv;
+       __nbytes = std::min(__nbytes, _M_buf->in_avail());
+       if (__nbytes < 1)
+         __nbytes == 1;
+       __nbytes = _M_buf->sgetn(_M_get_buf + _M_unconv, __nbytes);
+       if (__nbytes < 1)
+         return false;
+       __nbytes += _M_unconv;
+
+       // convert _M_get_buf into _M_get_area
+
+       _Elem* __outbuf = _M_get_area + _S_putback_length;
+       _Elem* __outnext = __outbuf;
+       const char* __bnext = _M_get_buf;
+
+       codecvt_base::result __result;
+       if (_M_always_noconv)
+         __result = codecvt_base::noconv;
+       else
+         {
+           _Elem* __outend = _M_get_area + _S_buffer_length;
+
+           __result = _M_cvt->in(_M_state,
+                                 __bnext, __bnext + __nbytes, __bnext,
+                                 __outbuf, __outend, __outnext);
+         }
+
+       if (__result == codecvt_base::noconv)
+         {
+           // cast is safe because noconv means _Elem is same type as char
+           auto __get_buf = reinterpret_cast<const _Elem*>(_M_get_buf);
+           _Tr::copy(__outbuf, __get_buf, __nbytes);
+           _M_unconv = 0;
+           return true;
+         }
+
+       if ((_M_unconv = _M_get_buf + __nbytes - __bnext))
+         char_traits<char>::move(_M_get_buf, __bnext, _M_unconv);
+
+       this->setg(__outbuf, __outbuf, __outnext);
+
+       return __result != codecvt_base::error;
+      }
+
+      // unused
+      bool
+      _M_put(...)
+      { return false; }
+
+      bool
+      _M_put(const char* __p, streamsize __n)
+      {
+       if (_M_buf->sputn(__p, __n) < __n)
+         return false;
+      }
+
+      // convert the put area and write to the byte stream buffer
+      bool
+      _M_conv_put()
+      {
+       _Elem* const __first = this->pbase();
+       const _Elem* const __last = this->pptr();
+       const streamsize __pending = __last - __first;
+
+       if (_M_always_noconv)
+         return _M_put(__first, __pending);
+
+       char __outbuf[2 * _S_buffer_length];
+
+       const _Elem* __next = __first;
+       const _Elem* __start;
+       do
+         {
+           __start = __next;
+           char* __outnext = __outbuf;
+           char* const __outlast = __outbuf + sizeof(__outbuf);
+           auto __result = _M_cvt->out(_M_state, __next, __last, __next,
+                                       __outnext, __outlast, __outnext);
+           if (__result == codecvt_base::error)
+             return false;
+           else if (__result == codecvt_base::noconv)
+             return _M_put(__next, __pending);
+
+           if (!_M_put(__outbuf, __outnext - __outbuf))
+               return false;
+         }
+       while (__next != __last && __next != __start);
+
+       if (__next != __last)
+         _Tr::move(__first, __next, __last - __next);
+
+       this->pbump(__first - __next);
+       return __next != __first;
+      }
+
+      streambuf*               _M_buf;
+      unique_ptr<_Codecvt>     _M_cvt;
+      state_type               _M_state;
+
+      static const streamsize  _S_buffer_length = 32;
+      static const streamsize  _S_putback_length = 3;
+      _Elem                     _M_put_area[_S_buffer_length];
+      _Elem                     _M_get_area[_S_buffer_length];
+      streamsize               _M_unconv = 0;
+      char                     _M_get_buf[_S_buffer_length-_S_putback_length];
+      bool                     _M_always_noconv;
+    };
+
+  /// @} group locales
+
+#endif  // _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
+
+_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
+} // namespace
+
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _LOCALE_CONV_H */
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/locale b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/locale
index fbc2770..102004f 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/std/locale
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/std/locale
@@ -39,5 +39,8 @@
 #include <bits/locale_classes.h>
 #include <bits/locale_facets.h>
 #include <bits/locale_facets_nonio.h>
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#  include <bits/locale_conv.h>
+#endif
 
 #endif /* _GLIBCXX_LOCALE */
diff --git 
a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/buffer/requirements/typedefs.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/buffer/requirements/typedefs.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c59c6d6
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/buffer/requirements/typedefs.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// { dg-do compile }
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++11" }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// 22.3.3.2.3  Buffer conversions
+
+#include <locale>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+void test01()
+{
+  // Check for required typedefs
+  struct cvt_type : std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> { };
+  typedef std::char_traits<wchar_t> traits_type;
+  typedef std::wbuffer_convert<cvt_type, wchar_t, traits_type> test_type;
+  typedef test_type::state_type state_type;
+
+  static_assert( std::is_same<cvt_type::state_type, state_type>::value,
+                "state type" );
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/1.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/1.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2ab6e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/1.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// { dg-do compile }
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++11" }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// 22.3.3.2.2  String conversions
+
+#include <locale>
+#include <string>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+template<typename Elem>
+struct cvt : std::codecvt<Elem, char, std::mbstate_t> { };
+
+template<typename Elem>
+using str_conv = std::wstring_convert<cvt<Elem>, Elem>;
+
+using std::string;
+using std::wstring;
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef str_conv<char> sc;  // noconv
+  sc c;
+  string input = "King for a day...";
+  string output = c.from_bytes(input);
+  VERIFY( input == output );
+  VERIFY( c.converted() == output.length() );
+  string roundtrip = c.to_bytes(output);
+  VERIFY( input == roundtrip );
+  VERIFY( c.converted() == roundtrip.length() );
+}
+
+void test02()
+{
+  typedef str_conv<wchar_t> wsc;
+  wsc c;
+  string input = "Fool for a lifetime";
+  wstring output = c.from_bytes(input);
+  VERIFY( c.converted() == output.length() );
+  VERIFY( L"Fool for a lifetime" == output );
+  string roundtrip = c.to_bytes(output);
+  VERIFY( input == roundtrip );
+  VERIFY( c.converted() == roundtrip.length() );
+
+  VERIFY( c.from_bytes(input[0]) == output.substr(0, 1) );
+  VERIFY( c.from_bytes(input.c_str()) == output );
+  VERIFY( c.from_bytes(input.data(), input.data()+input.size()) == output );
+
+  VERIFY( c.to_bytes(output[0]) == input.substr(0, 1) );
+  VERIFY( c.to_bytes(output.c_str()) == input );
+  VERIFY( c.to_bytes(output.data(), output.data()+output.size()) == input );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+  test02();
+}
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/2.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/2.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94eb75f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/2.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++11" }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// 22.3.3.2.2  String conversions
+
+#include <locale>
+#include <string>
+#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
+
+template<typename Elem>
+struct cvt : std::codecvt<Elem, char, std::mbstate_t> { };
+
+template<typename Elem>
+using str_conv = std::wstring_convert<cvt<Elem>, Elem>;
+
+using std::string;
+using std::wstring;
+
+// test conversion errors, with and without error strings
+
+void test01()
+{
+  typedef str_conv<wchar_t> sc;
+
+  const sc::byte_string berr = "invalid wide string";
+  const sc::wide_string werr = L"invalid byte string";
+
+  sc c(berr, werr);
+  string input = "Stop";
+  input += char(0xff);
+  input += char(0xff);
+  wstring woutput = c.from_bytes(input);
+  VERIFY( werr == woutput );
+  wstring winput = L"Stop";
+  winput += wchar_t(0xff);
+  winput += wchar_t(0xff);
+  string output = c.to_bytes(winput);
+  VERIFY( berr == output );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  test01();
+}
diff --git 
a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/requirements/typedefs-2.cc
 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/requirements/typedefs-2.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65a1458
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/requirements/typedefs-2.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// { dg-do compile }
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++11" }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// 22.3.3.2.2  String conversions
+
+#include <locale>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <testsuite_allocator.h>
+
+template<typename T>
+  using alloc = __gnu_test::uneq_allocator<T>;
+
+template<typename C>
+  using Str = std::basic_string<C, std::char_traits<C>, alloc<C>>;
+
+struct cvt : std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, std::mbstate_t> { };
+
+using wconv = std::wstring_convert<cvt, wchar_t, alloc<wchar_t>, alloc<char>>;
+
+static_assert( std::is_same<wconv::byte_string, Str<char>>::value,
+              "byte string is std::string" );
+static_assert( std::is_same<wconv::wide_string, Str<wchar_t>>::value,
+              "wide string is std::wstring" );
diff --git 
a/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/requirements/typedefs.cc 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/requirements/typedefs.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baed16e
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/libstdc++-v3/testsuite/22_locale/conversions/string/requirements/typedefs.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// { dg-do compile }
+// { dg-options "-std=gnu++11" }
+
+// Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// 22.3.3.2.2  String conversions
+
+#include <locale>
+
+void test01()
+{
+  // Check for required typedefs
+  typedef std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> codecvt_type;
+  typedef std::wstring_convert<codecvt_type> test_type;
+  typedef test_type::byte_string byte_string;
+  typedef test_type::wide_string wide_string;
+  typedef test_type::state_type state_type;
+  typedef test_type::int_type int_type;
+}

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