https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=116256
--- Comment #1 from Andrew Pinski <pinskia at gcc dot gnu.org> --- >FAIL: gcc.target/riscv/cm_mv_rv32.c -Os check-function-bodies sum This looks like an ra issue. it spills to the stack a1 rather than to a volatile register. There was an extra psedu-register before late_combine1 which the register allocator seems to improve with ... I have not looked into the rest though.