https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105469
--- Comment #5 from Martin Liška <marxin at gcc dot gnu.org> --- Reduced test-case: namespace std { template <class> struct char_traits; template <typename _CharT, typename = char_traits<_CharT>> class basic_ostream; struct ios_base { struct Init { Init(); }; }; template <typename, typename> struct basic_ostream { void operator<<(const void *); }; extern basic_ostream<char> cerr; ios_base::Init __ioinit; } // namespace std enum Commit_Level { no_commit }; struct Writable { virtual void drop_fieldtimestampvalid_data() {} virtual void checkpoint(Commit_Level) {} }; struct Posix_File { Posix_File(); ~Posix_File(); }; Posix_File::Posix_File() {} Posix_File::~Posix_File() {} struct Readonly_Journal { Readonly_Journal(); void play_until_checkpoint(Writable &writable) { writable.checkpoint(no_commit); std::cerr << ""; } }; Readonly_Journal::Readonly_Journal() {} struct Writable_Journal : Readonly_Journal { Writable_Journal(); ~Writable_Journal(); }; Writable_Journal::Writable_Journal() {} Writable_Journal::~Writable_Journal() {} struct Connection { virtual void push(Readonly_Journal &, long, bool) = 0; }; template <typename Client_Data> struct Trans_NS_joedb_Client { Connection &connection; Client_Data data; Trans_NS_joedb_Client(Connection &, Posix_File file) : connection(connection), data(connection, file) { std::cerr << &data; data.update(); } }; struct Local_Connection : Connection { Posix_File file; void push(Readonly_Journal &, long, bool) {} }; struct Generic_File_Database : Writable { Writable_Journal journal; Generic_File_Database(); void checkpoint(Commit_Level) {} }; struct Client_Data : Generic_File_Database { Client_Data(Connection &, Posix_File) {} void update() { journal.play_until_checkpoint(*this); } }; struct Client : Trans_NS_joedb_Client<Client_Data> { Posix_File Client_local_file; Client() : Trans_NS_joedb_Client(connection, Client_local_file) {} }; Generic_File_Database::Generic_File_Database() {} struct Buggy_Client : Local_Connection, Client {}; int main() { Buggy_Client(); }