https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=77561
--- Comment #1 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> --- (In reply to Jonathan Wakely from comment #0) > The user is not trying to declare a specialization, they're trying to define > a friend. The error should tell them that is allowed, Oops, should tell them that is **not** allowed.