https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66146
--- Comment #3 from Martin Sebor <msebor at gcc dot gnu.org> --- On Power, both glibc and AIX pthread_once behave the same way: i.e., they fail to clear the once flag on exception. The test case below mimics glibc's pthread_once and demonstrates the root cause of the problem: the cancellation handler is not invoked when an exception is thrown unless the pthread_cleanup_push/pop macros are compiled in C++ code. Simply recompiling glibc's pthread_once.c using a C++ compiler (and adding the apprpriate extern "C" decoration) should fix it. Until it's fixed, as a workaround, it seems that libstdc++ could clear the flag when an exception is thrown before propagating it out of call_once. $ cat t.c && gcc -O2 -Wall -c -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -g t.c && g++ -DMAIN -O2 -Wall t.o -pthread t.c && ./a.out #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> extern int n; #if MAIN extern "C" void foo () { throw 0; } extern "C" void bar (void (*)()); int main () { try { bar (foo); } catch (...) { printf ("caught exception: pthread cleanup handler %sinvoked\n", n ? "" : "not "); } return n == 1 ? 0 : 1; } #else int n; #if __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif static void cleanup (void *arg) { ++n; } void bar (void (*pf)(void)) { pthread_cleanup_push (cleanup, 0); pf (); pthread_cleanup_pop (0); } #if __cplusplus } #endif #endif caught exception: pthread cleanup handler not invoked