Hi Jim!

> Installing FreeDOS on the Raspberry Pi will take a long time regardless of
> what options you use in QEMU. It's because of the high disk I/O when you
> install an operating system like FreeDOS. It's made worse by doing it
> inside an emulator, but the biggest slowdown when *installing* is the
> storage device on the Raspberry Pi.

How about first installing to a directory or diskimage stored
in a ramdisk on the host OS, then copying that to mass storage?

MicroSD cards and many USB sticks are notoriously bad in their
I/O per second rating even when they advertise dozens or many
MB/s transfer speed for large files. For Raspberry style use,
the "Application performance class" is important: A1 promises
500 writes (1500 reads) per second, A2 2000 writes (4000 reads)
and yes A2 ratings are rare in spite of all those cards which
proudly announce dozens of MB/s for video recording.

Some tiny computers use eMMC disks, those are significantly
faster in everyday use. I even enjoyed compiling kernels on
one of those. They usually are pre-soldered to the SBC board.

Similar issues affect USB flash sticks: Even "fast" ones
drop to the low single digit MB/s when you attempt to use
them with many small writes and an unlucky filesystem choice
(I would like to know which filesystems are most bearable
in that context, in Linux?) with the only exception being
SSD style USB sticks which actually advertise having high
write IOPS. A bit of a luxury but probably works fine :-)

Regards, Eric

PS: Interesting thought that Raspian uses the right endian
for x86 simulations. Would be nice to see some benchmarks,
maybe also comparing different virtual PCs beyond Qemu :-)

> My RPi3B has a SanDisk Ultra 64GB microSDXC UHS-I U1A1 card.




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