> On 28 Jan 2018, at 15:57, Andre Albsmeier <andre.albsme...@siemens.com> =
> wrote:
> > I have a lot of machines running with 4 GB physical RAM and, for
> > some reasons, I still have to use a 32 bits OS.
> >=20
> > All of them show something between 3 and 3.5 GB of RAM available
> > in dmesg but the brand new Supermicro A2SAV really shocked me:
> >=20
> > FreeBSD 11.1-STABLE #0: Mon Jan 15 06:57:10 CET 2018
> > ...
> > real memory =3D 4294967296 (4096 MB)
> > avail memory =3D 1939558400 (1849 MB)
> > ...
> >=20
> > So do people have any ideas how I might get a bit closer to at least
> > 3 GB? I assume there are no FreeBSD knobs which might help but hope
> > dies last...
> This is a common problem on i386. Most likely some ranges are reserved
> for I/O mappings, such as video cards. If you boot with -v, I think the
> kernel prints an overview of the physical ram chunks available? I don't
> know of any other way to get such an overview.
> Another option is to try PAE, but I have no idea how stable that is...
> -Dimitry
I suspect that the unavailable RAM has been mapped above 4 GB by the BIOS.
About PAE: at $JOB, we have a FreeBSD 8.2 system that has been running
PAE reliably since 8.2 was new. Also, we ship amd64 systems that run
mostly 32-bit binaries, which works well.
Mike
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