Thanks for the replies! I finally managed to solve the issue. For some reason when I get a panic while i915kms is active I am unable to write `continue` in KDB. Also the KDB prompt was not even displayed so I had no idea that I should write that command. After I added debug.debugger_on_panic=0 to /etc/sysctl.conf the kernel automatically starts writing the crash dump and I do not have to write anything manually, which solves the issue for me.
Dumping screenshot: https://forums.freebsd.org/attachments/img_20211109_230340-jpg.11963/