On Mon, 17 Mar 2025 11:43:55 +0100 Niklas Haas <ffm...@haasn.xyz> wrote:
> From: Niklas Haas <g...@haasn.dev>
>
> We can calculate with some confidence the theoretical expected SSIM
> from an "ideal" conversion, by computing the reference SSIM level
> for an image dithered with uniformly distributed quatization noise.
>
> This gives us an additional safety net to check for regressions even in
> the absence of a reference to compare against.
It's worth pointing out that this does reveal some bugs in the current
implementation that were not covered by any pre existing tests.
> ---
> libswscale/tests/swscale.c | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
> 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/libswscale/tests/swscale.c b/libswscale/tests/swscale.c
> index 47c58524f6..bce495db90 100644
> --- a/libswscale/tests/swscale.c
> +++ b/libswscale/tests/swscale.c
> @@ -99,6 +99,29 @@ static void exit_handler(int sig)
> exit(sig);
> }
>
> +/* Estimate luma variance assuming uniform dither noise distribution */
> +static float estimate_quantization_noise(enum AVPixelFormat fmt)
> +{
> + const AVPixFmtDescriptor *desc = av_pix_fmt_desc_get(fmt);
> + float variance = 1.0 / 12;
> + if (desc->comp[0].depth < 8) {
> + /* Extra headroom for very low bit depth output */
> + variance *= (8 - desc->comp[0].depth);
> + }
> +
> + if (desc->flags & AV_PIX_FMT_FLAG_FLOAT) {
> + return 0.0;
> + } else if (desc->flags & AV_PIX_FMT_FLAG_RGB) {
> + const float r = 0.299 / (1 << desc->comp[0].depth);
> + const float g = 0.587 / (1 << desc->comp[1].depth);
> + const float b = 0.114 / (1 << desc->comp[2].depth);
> + return (r * r + g * g + b * b) * variance;
> + } else {
> + const float y = 1.0 / (1 << desc->comp[0].depth);
> + return y * y * variance;
> + }
> +}
> +
> static int fmt_comps(enum AVPixelFormat fmt)
> {
> const AVPixFmtDescriptor *desc = av_pix_fmt_desc_get(fmt);
> @@ -156,6 +179,18 @@ static void get_ssim(float ssim[4], const AVFrame *out,
> const AVFrame *ref, int
> }
> }
>
> +static float get_loss(const float ssim[4])
> +{
> + const float weights[3] = { 0.8, 0.1, 0.1 }; /* tuned for Y'CrCr */
> +
> + float sum = 0;
> + for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
> + sum += weights[i] * ssim[i];
> + sum *= ssim[3]; /* ensure alpha errors get caught */
> +
> + return 1.0 - sum;
> +}
> +
> static int scale_legacy(AVFrame *dst, const AVFrame *src, struct mode mode,
> struct options opts)
> {
> @@ -198,6 +233,18 @@ static int run_test(enum AVPixelFormat src_fmt, enum
> AVPixelFormat dst_fmt,
> int64_t time, time_ref = 0;
> int ret = -1;
>
> + /* Estimate the expected amount of loss from bit depth reduction */
> + const float c1 = 0.01 * 0.01; /* stabilization constant */
> + const float ref_var = 1.0 / 12.0; /* uniformly distributed signal */
> + const float src_var = estimate_quantization_noise(src_fmt);
> + const float dst_var = estimate_quantization_noise(dst_fmt);
> + const float out_var = estimate_quantization_noise(ref->format);
> + const float total_var = src_var + dst_var + out_var;
> + const float ssim_luma = (2 * ref_var + c1) / (2 * ref_var + total_var +
> c1);
> + const float ssim_expected[4] = { ssim_luma, 1, 1, 1 }; /* for simplicity
> */
> + const float expected_loss = get_loss(ssim_expected);
> + float loss;
> +
> src = av_frame_alloc();
> dst = av_frame_alloc();
> out = av_frame_alloc();
> @@ -251,6 +298,15 @@ static int run_test(enum AVPixelFormat src_fmt, enum
> AVPixelFormat dst_fmt,
> mode.flags, mode.dither,
> ssim[0], ssim[1], ssim[2], ssim[3]);
>
> + loss = get_loss(ssim);
> + if (loss - expected_loss > 1e-4 && dst_w >= ref->width && dst_h >=
> ref->height) {
> + int bad = loss - expected_loss > 1e-2;
> + printf("\033[1;31m loss %g is %s by %g, expected loss %g\033[0m\n",
> + loss, bad ? "WORSE" : "worse", loss - expected_loss,
> expected_loss);
> + if (bad)
> + goto error;
> + }
> +
> if (!ssim_ref && sws_isSupportedInput(src->format) &&
> sws_isSupportedOutput(dst->format)) {
> /* Compare against the legacy swscale API as a reference */
> time_ref = av_gettime_relative();
> @@ -269,18 +325,12 @@ static int run_test(enum AVPixelFormat src_fmt, enum
> AVPixelFormat dst_fmt,
> }
>
> if (ssim_ref) {
> - const float weights[4] = { 0.8, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0 }; /* tuned for Y'CrCr
> */
> - float err, sum = 0, sum_ref = 0;
> - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
> - sum += weights[i] * ssim[i];
> - sum_ref += weights[i] * ssim_ref[i];
> - }
> -
> - err = sum_ref / sum - 1.0; /* relative error */
> - if (err > 1e-4 /* 0.01% headroom for dither noise etc */) {
> - int bad = err > 1e-2; /* 1% */
> - printf("\033[1;31m %s by %f%%, ref SSIM {Y=%f U=%f V=%f
> A=%f}\033[0m\n",
> - bad ? "WORSE" : "worse", 100.0 * err,
> + const float loss_ref = get_loss(ssim_ref);
> + if (loss - loss_ref > 1e-4) {
> + int bad = loss - loss_ref > 1e-2;
> + printf("\033[1;31m loss %g is %s by %g, ref loss %g, "
> + "SSIM {Y=%f U=%f V=%f A=%f}\033[0m\n",
> + loss, bad ? "WORSE" : "worse", loss - loss_ref, loss_ref,
> ssim_ref[0], ssim_ref[1], ssim_ref[2], ssim_ref[3]);
> if (bad)
> goto error;
> --
> 2.48.1
>
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