On Tue, 31 Jan 2023, John Coiner wrote:

This replaces and obsoletes the earlier version of this patch, which had a bug. 
Thanks to Marton Balint for spotting it.

This fixes https://trac.ffmpeg.org/ticket/10148, it ensures that each IDR frame 
is prefixed with SPS/PPS.

Tested manually, with inputs containing AUDs (x264's aud=1 mode) and also 
without (aud=0) to confirm it still inserts AUDs when necessary, and not 
otherwise.

Your code duplicates AUD-s if they are already present and sps is also added:

if original packet had
[AUD][IDR]
it will become [AUD][SPS][PPS][AUD][IDR].

Regards,
Marton


---
libavformat/mpegtsenc.c | 21 +++++++++++++++------
1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/libavformat/mpegtsenc.c b/libavformat/mpegtsenc.c
index 48d39e6a7d..64948f4d75 100644
--- a/libavformat/mpegtsenc.c
+++ b/libavformat/mpegtsenc.c
@@ -1877,6 +1877,7 @@ static int mpegts_write_packet_internal(AVFormatContext 
*s, AVPacket *pkt)

    if (st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264) {
        const uint8_t *p = buf, *buf_end = p + size;
+        uint8_t found_aud = 0;
        uint32_t state = -1;
        int extradd = (pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) ? 
st->codecpar->extradata_size : 0;
        int ret = ff_check_h264_startcode(s, st, pkt);
@@ -1886,17 +1887,25 @@ static int mpegts_write_packet_internal(AVFormatContext 
*s, AVPacket *pkt)
        if (extradd && AV_RB24(st->codecpar->extradata) > 1)
            extradd = 0;

+        // Ensure that all pictures are prefixed with an AUD, and that
+        // IDR pictures are also prefixed with SPS and PPS. SPS and PPS
+        // are assumed to be available in 'extradata' if not found in-band.
        do {
            p = avpriv_find_start_code(p, buf_end, &state);
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_TRACE, "nal %"PRId32"\n", state & 0x1f);
-            if ((state & 0x1f) == 7)
+            if ((state & 0x1f) == 7)  // SPS NAL
                extradd = 0;
-        } while (p < buf_end && (state & 0x1f) != 9 &&
-                 (state & 0x1f) != 5 && (state & 0x1f) != 1);
-
-        if ((state & 0x1f) != 5)
+            if ((state & 0x1f) == 9)  // AUD
+                found_aud = 1;
+        } while (p < buf_end
+                 && (state & 0x1f) != 5  // IDR picture
+                 && (state & 0x1f) != 1  // non-IDR picture
+                 && (extradd > 0 || !found_aud));
+        if ((state & 0x1f) != 5) {
+            // Did not find IDR picture; do not emit extradata.
            extradd = 0;
-        if ((state & 0x1f) != 9) { // AUD NAL
+        }
+        if (extradd > 0 || !found_aud) {
            data = av_malloc(pkt->size + 6 + extradd);
            if (!data)
                return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
--
2.39.1.456.gfc5497dd1b-goog

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