Seems right, I found these strings in the libspf2 source: https://www.libspf2.net/docs/html/spf__strerror_8c-source.html
Since, there is a "SPF_E_MULTIPLE_RECORDS:" string in there, I guessed if there could be some issue in exims libspf2 integration or handling of the $spf_header_comment variable.
Running an interactive debug session also reveals a "warn_msg" line, which seems to contain a corresponding error message:
deny: condition test failed in ACL "mail_acl" processing "deny" (/usr/local/etc/exim/configure 311) check spf = permerror spf_processspf_dns.c:54 Debug: DNS[cache] lookup: many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch SPF (99)
spf_dns.c:66 Debug: DNS[cache] found record spf_dns.c:69 Debug: DOMAIN: many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch TYPE: SPF (99) spf_dns.c:76 Debug: TTL: 1800 RR found: 0 herrno: 4 source: eximspf_server.c:370 Debug: get_record(many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch): NO_DATA spf_dns.c:54 Debug: DNS[cache] lookup: many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch TXT (16)
spf_dns.c:66 Debug: DNS[cache] found record spf_dns.c:69 Debug: DOMAIN: many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch TYPE: TXT (16) spf_dns.c:76 Debug: TTL: 1800 RR found: 2 herrno: 0 source: exim spf_dns.c:94 Debug: - TXT: v=spf1 -all spf_dns.c:94 Debug: - TXT: v=spf1 ~allspf_server.c:412 Debug: get_record(many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch): NETDB_SUCCESS
spf_server.c:457 Debug: found SPF record: v=spf1 -all spf_server.c:457 Debug: found SPF record: v=spf1 ~all warn_msg = (32) Multiple SPF records for 'many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch' SPF result is permerror (7)message: SPF check failed: $spf_result while checking ${if def:sender_address_domain{$sender_address_domain}{$sender_helo_name}}
l_message: SPF check failed: $spf_result - $spf_header_comment deny: condition test succeeded in ACL "mail_acl" end of ACL "mail_acl": DENY SMTP>> 550-SPF check failed: permerror while checking 550-SPF check failed: permerror while checking SMTP>> 550 many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch 550 many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch LOG: MAIN REJECTH=(asdf.com) [1.1.1.1] rejected MAIL a...@many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch: SPF check failed: permerror - mxin012.mail.hostpoint.ch: error in processing during lookup of domain of many-spf.hp-mail-infra-test-01.ch: No errors
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