Yes, a rename in the same partition should be atomic.
Rather than adding a check after every command, I would recommend simply
adding a call to set -e
and rather than those repeated lines, it can be done with a simple loop:
for i in {5..2}; do
rm -f /mnt/tank/users/michelle/backup/mail/$i.tar.gz
mv /mnt/tank/users/michelle/backup/mail/$(($i - 1)).tar.gz
/mnt/tank/users/michelle/backup/mail/$i.tar.gz
done
(please note that $(( )) is not a feature in POSIX sh, so you would need to
change the shebancg from /bin/sh to /bin/bash)
although I would generally favor using a date-based filename, rather than
numeric ones, and let the user occasionally remove the old ones if needed.
Kind regards
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